{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:23:29Z","timestamp":1778239409207,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491436800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"KAIA in the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport","award":["NTIS 1615007940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTIS 1615007940"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Vis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-017-0426-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T07:29:36Z","timestamp":1491463776000},"page":"743-752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Drag reduction of a heavy vehicle using a modified boat tail with lower inclined air deflector"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Eui Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"426_CR1","volume-title":"Some salient features of the time-averaged ground vehicle wake","author":"S Ahmed","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Ramm G, Faitin G (1984) Some salient features of the time-averaged ground vehicle wake. Society of Automotive Engineers Inc, Warrendale"},{"key":"426_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/00423118508968836","volume":"14","author":"S Ahmed","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Gawthorpe R, Mackrodt P-A (1985) Aerodynamics of road-and rail vehicles. Vehicle Syst Dyn 14:319\u2013392","journal-title":"Vehicle Syst Dyn"},{"key":"426_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6105(81)90083-0","volume":"9","author":"J Allan","year":"1981","unstructured":"Allan J (1981) Aerodynamic drag and pressure measurements on a simplified tractor-trailer model. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 9:125\u2013136","journal-title":"J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn"},{"key":"426_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-007-0392-1","volume":"44","author":"J-F Beaudoin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beaudoin J-F, Aider J-L (2008) Drag and lift reduction of a 3D bluff body using flaps. Exp Fluids 44:491\u2013501","journal-title":"Exp Fluids"},{"key":"426_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-004-0879-y","volume":"37","author":"J Beaudoin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beaudoin J, Cadot O, Aider J, Gosse K, Parantho\u00ebn P, Hamelin B, Tissier M, Allano D, Mutabazi I, Gonzales M (2004) Cavitation as a complementary tool for automotive aerodynamics. Exp Fluids 37:763\u2013768","journal-title":"Exp Fluids"},{"key":"426_CR6","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Technology roadmap for the 21st century truck program. Energy efficiency and renewable energy","author":"R Bradley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bradley R (2000) Technology roadmap for the 21st century truck program. Energy efficiency and renewable energy. US Department of Energy, Washington, DC, p 32"},{"key":"426_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-011212-140616","volume":"46","author":"H Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi H, Lee J, Park H (2014) Aerodynamics of heavy vehicles. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 46:441\u2013468","journal-title":"Annu Rev Fluid Mech"},{"key":"426_CR8","first-page":"132","volume":"112","author":"KR Cooper","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cooper KR (2003) Truck aerodynamics reborn: lessons from the past. SAE Trans 112:132\u2013142","journal-title":"SAE Trans"},{"key":"426_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-010-0937-6","volume":"50","author":"G Fourri\u00e9","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fourri\u00e9 G, Keirsbulck L, Labraga L, Gilli\u00e9ron P (2011) Bluff-body drag reduction using a deflector. Exp Fluids 50:385\u2013395","journal-title":"Exp Fluids"},{"key":"426_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gad-el-Hak M (2000) Flow control: passive, active and reactive flow management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511529535"},{"key":"426_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han T, Sumantran V, Harris C, Kuzmanov T, Huebler M, Zak T (1996) Flow-field simulations of three simplified vehicle shapes and comparisons with experimental measurements. SAE Technical Paper, No. 960678","DOI":"10.4271\/960678"},{"key":"426_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.25.010193.002413","volume":"25","author":"W-H Hucho","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hucho W-H, Sovran G (1993) Aerodynamics of road vehicles. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 25:485\u2013537","journal-title":"Annu Rev Fluid Mech"},{"key":"426_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalighi B, Zhang S, Koromilas C, Balkanyi S, Bernal LP, Iaccarino G, Moin P (2001) Experimental and computational study of unsteady wake flow behind a bluff body with a drag reduction device. SAE paper, No. 1042","DOI":"10.4271\/2001-01-1042"},{"key":"426_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leuschen J, Cooper KR (2006) Full-scale wind tunnel tests of production and prototype, second-generation aerodynamic drag-reducing devices for tractor-trailers. SAE Technical Paper, No. 3456","DOI":"10.4271\/2006-01-3456"},{"key":"426_CR15","first-page":"587","volume":"3","author":"V Malviya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malviya V, Mishra R, Fieldhouse J (2009) CFD investigation of a novel fuel-saving device for articulated tractor-trailer combinations. Eng Appl Comput Fluid Mech 3:587\u2013607","journal-title":"Eng Appl Comput Fluid Mech"},{"key":"426_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCallen R, Couch R, Hsu J, Browand F, Hammache M, Leonard A, Brady M, Salari K, Rutledge W, Ross J (1999) Progress in reducing aerodynamic drag for higher efficiency of heavy duty trucks (class 7\u20138). Society of Automotive Engineers, Incorporated","DOI":"10.2172\/771211"},{"key":"426_CR17","unstructured":"McCallen R, Browand F, Ross J (2013) The aerodynamics of heavy vehicles: trucks, buses, and trains. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin"},{"key":"426_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2952595","volume":"20","author":"M Minguez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Minguez M, Pasquetti R, Serre E (2008) High-order large-eddy simulation of flow over the \u201cAhmed body\u201d car model. Phys Fluids 20:095101","journal-title":"Phys Fluids"},{"key":"426_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortega J, Salari K, Brown A, Schoon R (2013) Aerodynamic drag reduction of class 8 heavy vehicles: a full-scale wind tunnel study. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory technical report, LLNL-TR-628153","DOI":"10.2172\/1073121"},{"key":"426_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2008.01.009","volume":"38","author":"M Roumeas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roumeas M, Gilli\u00e9ron P, Kourta A (2009) Analysis and control of the near-wake flow over a square-back geometry. Comput Fluids 38:60\u201370","journal-title":"Comput Fluids"},{"key":"426_CR21","unstructured":"SAE (2012) SAE wind tunnel test procedure for trucks and buses. SAE Recommended Practice J 1252"},{"key":"426_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.2514\/2.1613","volume":"40","author":"R Verzicco","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verzicco R, Fatica M, Iaccarino G, Moin P, Khalighi B (2002) Large eddy simulation of a road vehicle with drag-reduction devices. AIAA J 40:2447\u20132455","journal-title":"AIAA J"},{"key":"426_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112082000202","volume":"114","author":"G West","year":"1982","unstructured":"West G, Apelt C (1982) The effects of tunnel blockage and aspect ratio on the mean flow past a circular cylinder with Reynolds numbers between 104 and 105. J Fluid Mech 114:361\u2013377","journal-title":"J Fluid Mech"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12650-017-0426-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12650-017-0426-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12650-017-0426-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]],"date-time":"2017-09-23T06:36:39Z","timestamp":1506148599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12650-017-0426-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12650-017-0426-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1343-8875","1875-8975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1343-8875","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8975","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]}}}