{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:39:58Z","timestamp":1765888798744,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Vis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public transport maps are typically designed in a way to support route finding tasks for passengers, while they also provide an overview about stations, metro lines, and city-specific attractions. Most of those maps are designed as a static representation, maybe placed in a metro station or printed in a travel guide. In this paper, we describe a dynamic, interactive public transport map visualization enhanced by additional views for the dynamic passenger data on different levels of temporal granularity. Moreover, we also allow extra statistical information in form of density plots, calendar-based visualizations, and line graphs. All this information is linked to the contextual metro map to give a viewer insights into the relations between time points and typical routes taken by the passengers. We also integrated a graph-based view on user-selected routes, a way to interactively compare those routes, an attribute- and property-driven automatic computation of specific routes for one map as well as for all available maps in our repertoire, and finally, also the most important sights in each city are included as extra information to include in a user-selected route. We illustrate the usefulness of our interactive visualization and map navigation system by applying it to the railway system of Hamburg in Germany while also taking into account the extra passenger data. As another indication for the usefulness of the interactively enhanced metro maps we conducted a controlled user experiment with 20 participants.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-021-00822-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T06:02:57Z","timestamp":1644559377000},"page":"839-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The public transport navigation system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4756-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Burch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Staudt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Frommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Janis","family":"Uttenweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Grupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"H\u00e4hnle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josia","family":"Scheytt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Kloos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"822_CR1","unstructured":"(2017) Map of the Trains in Hamburg. https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datei:Karte_der_S-Bahn_Hamburg.svg"},{"key":"822_CR2","unstructured":"Barry M, Card B (2014) Visualizing MBTA data. An interactive exploration of Boston\u2019s subway system. http:\/\/mbtaviz.github.io"},{"key":"822_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burch M (2017a) Mining and visualizing eye movement data. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ASIA symposium on visualization, vol 3(1\u20133), p 8","DOI":"10.1145\/3139295.3139304"},{"key":"822_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burch M (2017b) Which symbols, features, and regions are visually attended in metro maps? In: Proceedings of conference on intelligent decision technologies, pp 237\u2013246","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59424-8_22"},{"key":"822_CR5","unstructured":"Burch M, Kurzhals K, Weiskopf D (2014) Visual task solution strategies in public transport maps. In: Proceedings of ET4S@GISCIENCE, pp 32\u201336"},{"key":"822_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burch M, Woods R, Netzel R, Weiskopf D (2016) The challenges of designing metro maps. In: Proceedings of the 11th joint conference on computer vision, imaging and computer graphics theory and applications (VISIGRAPP), pp 197\u2013204","DOI":"10.5220\/0005679601950202"},{"key":"822_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burch M, Staudt Y, Frommer S, Uttenweiler J, Grupp P, H\u00e4hnle S, Scheytt J, Kloos U (2020) PasVis: enhancing public transport maps with interactive passenger data visualizations. In: Burch M, Westenberg MA, Nguyen QV, Zhao Y (eds) Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on visual information communication and interaction, VINCI. ACM, pp 13:1\u201313:8","DOI":"10.1145\/3430036.3430061"},{"key":"822_CR8","volume-title":"Telling the passenger where to get off: George Dow and the evolution of the railway diagrammatic map","author":"A Dow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dow A (2005) Telling the passenger where to get off: George Dow and the evolution of the railway diagrammatic map. Capital Transport Publishing, London"},{"key":"822_CR9","unstructured":"Garland K, Beck H (1994) Mr Beck\u2019s underground map. Capital. Transport"},{"issue":"7","key":"822_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.127","volume":"18","author":"CG Healey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Healey CG, Enns JT (2012) Attention and visual memory in visualization and computer graphics. IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph 18(7):1170\u20131188","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph"},{"key":"822_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang W, Eades P, Hong S-H (2009) A graph reading behavior: geodesic-path tendency. In: Proceedings of IEEE pacific visualization symposium PacificVis, pp 137\u2013144","DOI":"10.1109\/PACIFICVIS.2009.4906848"},{"key":"822_CR12","unstructured":"Itoh M, Yokoyama D, Toyoda M, Tomita Y, Kawamura S, Kitsuregawa M (2013) Visualization of passenger flows on metro. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on visual analytics science and technology"},{"key":"822_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiefer P, Giannopoulos I, Raubal M (2013) Using eye movements to recognize activities on cartographic maps. In: Proceedings of 21st SIGSPATIAL international conference on advances in geographic information systems, SIGSPATIAL, pp 478\u2013481","DOI":"10.1145\/2525314.2525467"},{"issue":"55","key":"822_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2219\/rtriqr.55.86","volume":"2","author":"T Kunimatsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kunimatsu T, Hirai C (2014) Methods for analyzing passenger flows during train traffic disruption using accumulated passenger data. Q Rep RTRI 2(55):86\u201390","journal-title":"Q Rep RTRI"},{"key":"822_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurzhals K, Fisher BD, Burch M, Weiskopf D (2014) Evaluating visual analytics with eye tracking. In: Proceedings of the fifth workshop on beyond time and errors: novel evaluation methods for visualization, BELIV, pp 61\u201369","DOI":"10.1145\/2669557.2669560"},{"key":"822_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurzhals K, Burch M, Blascheck T, Andrienko G, Andrienko N, Weiskopf D (2017) A task-based view on the visual analysis of eye tracking data. In: Burch M, Chuang L, Fisher B, Schmidt A, Weiskopf D (eds) Eye tracking and visualization. Springer, pp 3\u201322","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47024-5_1"},{"key":"822_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd PB, Rodgers P, Roberts MJ (2018) Metro map colour-coding: effect on usability in route tracing. In: Proceedings of 10th international conference on diagrammatic representation and inference, pp 411\u2013428","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91376-6_38"},{"key":"822_CR18","volume-title":"Developpement de la Methode Graphique","author":"E-J Marey","year":"1885","unstructured":"Marey E-J (1885) Developpement de la Methode Graphique. G. Masson, Paris (in French)"},{"key":"822_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moder T, Reitbauer CR, Wisiol KMD, Wilfinger R, Wieser M (2018) An indoor positioning and navigation application for visually impaired people using public transport. In: Proceedings of international conference on indoor positioning and indoor navigation, IPI. IEEE, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN.2018.8533747"},{"issue":"1","key":"822_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598898","volume":"23","author":"R Netzel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Netzel R, Hlawatsch M, Burch M, Balakrishnan S, Schmauder H, Weiskopf D (2017a) An evaluation of visual search support in maps. IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph 23(1):421\u2013430","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"822_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/13875868.2016.1226839","volume":"17","author":"R Netzel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Netzel R, Ohlhausen B, Kurzhals K, Woods R, Burch M, Weiskopf D (2017b) User performance and reading strategies for metro maps: an eye tracking study. Spat Cognit Comput 17(1\u20132):39\u201364","journal-title":"Spat Cognit Comput"},{"key":"822_CR22","unstructured":"Ovenden M (2003) Metro maps of the world. Capital Transport Publishing. ISBN 978-1854142726"},{"key":"822_CR23","unstructured":"Peischl B, Ziefle M, Holzinger A (2012) A mobile information system for improved navigation in public transport\u2014user centered design, development, evaluation and e-business scenarios of a mobile roadmap application. In: Obaidat MS, Sevillano JL, Zhang Z, Marca DA, van Sinderen M, Marzo J-L, Nicopolitidis P (eds) Proceedings of the international conference on data communication networking, e-business and optical communication systems. SciTePress, pp 217\u2013221"},{"key":"822_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehrl K, G\u00f6ll N, Leitinger S, Bruntsch S, Mentz H-J (2007) Smartphone-based information and navigation aids for public transport travellers. In: Gartner G, Cartwright WE, Peterson MP (eds) Location based services and telecartography. Springer, pp 525\u2013544","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-36728-4_37"},{"key":"822_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts J (2004) Exploratory visualization with multiple linked views. In: Dykes J, MacEachren A, Kraak MJ (eds) Exploring geovisualization. Elsevier, pp 149\u2013170","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044531-1\/50426-7"},{"key":"822_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenholtz R, Li Y, Mansfield J, Jin Z (2005) Feature congestion: a measure of display clutter. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM, pp 761\u2013770","DOI":"10.1145\/1054972.1055078"},{"key":"822_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salcedo JS, Battistutti OC (2014) Unscheduled public transport intelligent navigation system. In: Jedrzejowicz P, Jain LC, Howlett RJ, Czarnowski I (eds) Proceedings of 18th international conference in knowledge based and intelligent information and engineering systems, KES (procedia computer science), vol\u00a035. Elsevier, pp 614\u2013623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.08.143"},{"key":"822_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqui SA, Herzog D, W\u00f6rndl W (2017) Real-time public transport navigation on smartwatches: a comparison with a smartphone-based solution. In: Bielikov\u00e1 M, Herder E, Cena F, Desmarais MC (eds)Bielikov\u00e1 M, Herder E, Cena F, Desmarais MC (eds) Proceedings of the 25th conference on user modeling, adaptation and personalization, UMAP. ACM, pp 261\u2013266","DOI":"10.1145\/3099023.3099053"},{"key":"822_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Wijk JJ, van Selow ER (1999) Cluster and calendar based visualization of time series data. In: Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on information visualization 1999 (INFOVIS\u201999), pp 4\u20139","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.1999.801851"},{"key":"822_CR30","volume-title":"Information visualization: perception for design","author":"C Ware","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ware C (2004) Information visualization: perception for design. Morgan Kaufmann, Amsterdam"},{"key":"822_CR31","unstructured":"Ware C (2008) Visual thinking: for design. Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive Technologies, Paperback"},{"key":"822_CR32","unstructured":"Woods R (2022) Communicarta Ltd. https:\/\/www.communicarta.com\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"822_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.70515","volume":"13","author":"JS Yi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yi JS, Kang Y, Stasko JT, Jacko JA (2007) Toward a deeper understanding of the role of interaction in information visualization. IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph 13(6):1224\u20131231","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph"},{"issue":"12","key":"822_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346893","volume":"20","author":"WF Zeng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zeng WF, Arisona C-W, M\u00fculler S, Erath A, Qu H (2014) Visualizing mobility of public transportation system. IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph 20(12):1833\u20131842","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12650-021-00822-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12650-021-00822-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12650-021-00822-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T08:03:33Z","timestamp":1656576213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12650-021-00822-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12650-021-00822-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1343-8875","1875-8975"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1343-8875"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-8975"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}