{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:46:58Z","timestamp":1768621618764,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Vis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-022-00849-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T04:03:41Z","timestamp":1655352221000},"page":"1125-1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deep learning-assisted segmentation of bubble image shadowgraph"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Binqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Chukwuemeka","family":"Ekwonu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9359-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"849_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-020-00693-4","volume":"24","author":"MC Ekwonu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ekwonu MC, Kim KC (2021) Visualization of foam formation from vertically free-falling impinging water jet. J Visualization 24:9\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12650-020-00693-4","journal-title":"J Visualization"},{"key":"849_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2019.04.004","volume":"204","author":"Y Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu Y, Liu YP (2019) BubGAN: Bubble generative adversarial networks for synthesizing realistic bubbly flow images. Chem Eng Sci 204:35\u201347","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"849_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2019.115467","volume":"216","author":"T Haas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haas T, Schubert C, Eickhoff M, Pfeifer H (2020) BubCNN: Bubble detection using faster RCNN and shape regression network. Chem Eng Sci 216:115467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ces.2019.115467","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"849_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"015406","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/abae90","volume":"32","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Shao S, Hong J (2020) Machine learning shadowgraph for particle size and shape characterization. Meas Sci Technol 32:015406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6501\/abae90","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"849_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"072002","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/754\/7\/072002","volume":"754","author":"IE Poletaev","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poletaev IE, Pervunin KS, Tokarev MP (2016) Artificial neural network for bubbles pattern recognition on the images. J Phys Conf Ser 754:072002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/754\/7\/072002","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"849_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28","volume-title":"Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention\u2014MICCAI 2015","author":"O Ronneberger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ronneberger O, Fischer P, Brox T (2015) U-Net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: Navab N, Hornegger J, Wells WM, Frangi AF (eds) Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention\u2014MICCAI 2015. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 234\u2013241"},{"key":"849_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao S, Mallery K, Hong J (2020) Machine learning holography for measuring 3D particle distribution. Chem Eng Sci 225:115830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ces.2020.115830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2020.115830"},{"key":"849_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Y, Aliyu AM, Seo H, Wang JJ, Kim KC (2018) Effect of crossflow velocity on underwater bubble swarms. Int J Multiphase Flow 105:60-73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.03.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.03.018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00849-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00849-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00849-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T07:58:18Z","timestamp":1666339098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00849-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00849-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1343-8875","1875-8975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1343-8875","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8975","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}]}}