{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T07:58:10Z","timestamp":1770537490603,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61872389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62077039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62077039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Vis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-022-00900-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T19:03:36Z","timestamp":1668798216000},"page":"631-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["iHELP: interactive hierarchical linear projections for interpreting non-linear projections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xingchen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haowen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhicong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chenqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juncong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4629-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiazhi","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yanyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Kui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5552","key":"900_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1126\/science.295.5552.7a","volume":"295","author":"M Balasubramanian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Balasubramanian M, Schwartz EL (2002) The isomap algorithm and topological stability. Science 295(5552):7\u20137","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"900_CR2","unstructured":"Bibal A, Vu VM, Nanfack G, Fr\u00e9nay B (2020) Explaining t-SNE embeddings locally by adapting lime. In: ESANN, pp 393\u2013398"},{"key":"900_CR3","unstructured":"Bishop CM (2006) Pattern recognition and machine learning. springer"},{"key":"900_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boggust A, Carter B, Satyanarayan A (2022) Embedding comparator: Visualizing differences in global structure and local neighborhoods via small multiples. In: 27th international conference on intelligent user interfaces, pp 746\u2013766","DOI":"10.1145\/3490099.3511122"},{"key":"900_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavallo M, Demiralp \u00c7 (2018) A visual interaction framework for dimensionality reduction based data exploration. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 1\u201313","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174209"},{"issue":"8","key":"900_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.2986996","volume":"26","author":"A Chatzimparmpas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chatzimparmpas A, Martins RM, Kerren A (2020) t-visne: interactive assessment and interpretation of t-SNE projections. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 26(8):2696\u20132714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2020.2986996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"2","key":"900_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030338","volume":"27","author":"X Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen X, Zeng W, Lin Y, AI-Maneea HM, Roberts J, Chang R (2021) Composition and configuration patterns in multiple-view visualizations. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 27(2):1514\u20131524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030338","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"1","key":"900_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01003922","volume":"24","author":"N Cowan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cowan N (2001) The magical number 4 in short-term memory: a reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behav Brain Sci 24(1):87\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0140525X01003922","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"900_CR9","unstructured":"Dua D, Graff C (2017) UCI machine learning repository"},{"issue":"2","key":"900_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x","volume":"7","author":"RA Fisher","year":"1936","unstructured":"Fisher RA (1936) The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Ann Eugen 7(2):179\u2013188","journal-title":"Ann Eugen"},{"key":"900_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gower JC, Dijksterhuis GB et\u00a0al (2004) Procrustes problems, vol. 30. Oxford University Press on Demand","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198510581.001.0001"},{"issue":"12","key":"900_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.220","volume":"17","author":"P Joia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Joia P, Coimbra D, Cuminato JA, Paulovich FV, Nonato LG (2011) Local affine multidimensional projection. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 17(12):2563\u20132571","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"7","key":"900_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.7.1493","volume":"9","author":"N Kambhatla","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kambhatla N, Leen TK (1997) Dimension reduction by local principal component analysis. Neural Comput 9(7):1493\u20131516","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"900_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.58","volume":"27","author":"T-K Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim T-K, Kittler J (2005) Locally linear discriminant analysis for multimodally distributed classes for face recognition with a single model image. IEEE Trans Patt Anal Mach Intell 27(3):318\u2013327","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Patt Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"11","key":"900_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5468","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.2970198","volume":"51","author":"A Lensen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lensen A, Xue B, Zhang M (2020) Genetic programming for evolving a front of interpretable models for data visualization. IEEE Trans Cybern 51(11):5468\u20135482","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"issue":"1","key":"900_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598831","volume":"23","author":"M Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu M, Shi J, Li Z, Li C, Zhu J, Liu S (2017) Towards better analysis of deep convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 23(1):91\u2013100","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"3","key":"900_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2640960","volume":"23","author":"S Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu S, Maljovec D, Wang B, Bremer P, Pascucci V (2017) Visualizing high-dimensional data: advances in the past decade. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 23(3):1249\u20131268","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"1","key":"900_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visinf.2017.01.006","volume":"1","author":"S Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu S, Wang X, Liu M, Zhu J (2017) Towards better analysis of machine learning models: a visual analytics perspective. Vis Inform 1(1):48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visinf.2017.01.006","journal-title":"Vis Inform"},{"key":"900_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Jun E, Li Q, Heer J (2019) Latent space cartography: visual analysis of vector space embeddings. In: Computer graphics forum, vol.\u00a038, Wiley Online Library, pp 67\u201378","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13672"},{"key":"900_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3011155","author":"Y Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma Y, Maciejewski R (2020) Visual analysis of class separations with locally linear segments. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3011155","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"Nov","key":"900_CR21","first-page":"2579","volume":"9","author":"Lvd Maaten","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maaten Lvd, Hinton G (2008) Visualizing data using t-SNE. J Mach Learn Res 9(Nov):2579\u20132605","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"C","key":"900_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.11.093","volume":"342","author":"R Marion","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marion R, Bibal A, Fr\u00e9nay B (2019) Bir: a method for selecting the best interpretable multidimensional scaling rotation using external variables. Neurocomputing 342(C):83\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.11.093","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"900_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McInnes L, Healy J, Melville J (2018) Umap: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.03426,","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00861"},{"issue":"2","key":"900_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158","volume":"63","author":"GA Miller","year":"1956","unstructured":"Miller GA (1956) The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychol Rev 63(2):81","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"900_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2003.09.014","volume":"62","author":"R M\u00f6ller","year":"2004","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller R, Hoffmann H (2004) An extension of neural gas to local PCA. Neurocomputing 62:305\u2013326","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"8","key":"900_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2846735","volume":"25","author":"LG Nonato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nonato LG, Aupetit M (2019) Multidimensional projection for visual analytics: linking techniques with distortions, tasks, and layout enrichment. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 25(8):2650\u20132673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2846735","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"900_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro MT, Singh S, Guestrin C (2016) \u201cwhy should i trust you?\u201d explaining the predictions of any classifier. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, pp 1135\u20131144","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"issue":"2","key":"900_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1214\/13-AOS1199","volume":"42","author":"M Soltanolkotabi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soltanolkotabi M, Elhamifar E, Candes EJ (2014) Robust subspace clustering. Ann Stat 42(2):669\u2013699","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"900_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2467717","volume":"22","author":"J Stahnke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stahnke J, D\u00f6rk M, M\u00fcller B, Thom A (2015) Probing projections: interaction techniques for interpreting arrangements and errors of dimensionality reductions. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 22(1):629\u2013638","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"5500","key":"900_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2319","volume":"290","author":"JB Tenenbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tenenbaum JB, Silva Vd, Langford JC (2000) A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. science 290(5500):2319\u20132323","journal-title":"science"},{"key":"900_CR31","first-page":"91","volume":"25","author":"J Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang J, Saligrama V (2012) Local supervised learning through space partitioning. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 25:91\u201399","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"900_CR32","unstructured":"Wang J, Saligrama V (2013) Locally-linear learning machines (l3m). In: Asian conference on machine learning, PMLR, pp 451\u2013466"},{"key":"900_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23915\/distill.00002","author":"M Wattenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wattenberg M, Vi\u00e9gas F, Johnson I (2016) How to use t-SNE effectively. Distill. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23915\/distill.00002","journal-title":"Distill"},{"issue":"1","key":"900_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2744098","volume":"24","author":"J Xia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xia J, Ye F, Chen W, Wang Y, Chen W, Ma Y, Tung AKH (2018) Ldsscanner: exploratory analysis of low-dimensional structures in high-dimensional datasets. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 24(1):236\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2744098","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"1","key":"900_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114694","volume":"28","author":"J Xia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xia J, Zhang Y, Song J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liu S (2021) Revisiting dimensionality reduction techniques for visual cluster analysis: an empirical study. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 28(1):529\u2013539","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"10","key":"900_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.2995100","volume":"27","author":"W Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang W, Wang X, Lu J, Dou W, Liu S (2020) Interactive steering of hierarchical clustering. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 27(10):3953\u20133967","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"1","key":"900_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-020-0191-7","volume":"7","author":"J Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan J, Chen C, Yang W, Liu M, Xia J, Liu S (2021) A survey of visual analytics techniques for machine learning. Comput Vis Media 7(1):3\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41095-020-0191-7","journal-title":"Comput Vis Media"},{"issue":"2","key":"900_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030410","volume":"27","author":"W Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng W, Lin C, Lin J, Jiang J, Xia J, Turkay C, Chen W (2020) Revisiting the modifiable areal unit problem in deep traffic prediction with visual analytics. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 27(2):839\u2013848","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"900_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Shi J, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhou F, Zhang W, Chen K, Zhao X, Zhu C, Chen W (2021) Evaluating effects of background stories on graph perception. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3107297"},{"issue":"2","key":"900_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030440","volume":"27","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Shi C, Shen X, Cai L, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Chen W (2020) Context-aware sampling of large networks via graph representation learning. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 27(2):1709\u20131719","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00900-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00900-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00900-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T07:37:38Z","timestamp":1683531458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00900-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12650-022-00900-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1343-8875","1875-8975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1343-8875","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8975","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}