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However, acinus deformation may be complex and heterogeneous. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the difference in wall deformation between the morphed model and the self-similar deformation model on flow field. The heterogeneous deformation achieved in this study is more actual by using the morphing technology that continuously changes from one shape to another. STAR-CCM\u2009+\u2009Ver. 13.06 (Siemens PLM Software) was used for numerical calculation, and the governing equations of working fluid are continuous equations and Navier\u2013Stokes equations (NS equations). As a result, the differences in deformation influenced the formation of streamlines at the distal end of the alveolar regions. In the self-similar deformation model, the flow does not change throughout a cycle, whereas in the morphed model, the flow changes during a cycle.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphic abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-024-01034-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T02:36:52Z","timestamp":1731724612000},"page":"171-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simulation of deformation and flow of pulmonary acinus using morphing compared with self-similar deformation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Haruki","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yutaro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Miyachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Sera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gaku","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2784-y","volume":"394","author":"T Adam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adam T et al (2009) Simultaneous on-line size and chemical analysis of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette mainstream smoke. 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