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The dynamic behavior of spherically propagating flames was observed by using high-speed Schlieren photography, and the flame radius and propagation velocity were measured by analyzing Schlieren photographs. At sufficiently small flame radii, we obtained the propagation velocity of unstretched flame. At large flame radii, cellular flame fronts were generated by intrinsic instability. Owing to the cellular shape of fronts, the propagation velocity increased, and then the flame acceleration was confirmed. We obtained the increment coefficient of propagation velocity. As the initial temperature became higher, the dynamic behavior of flame fronts weakened. Thus, the increment coefficient normalized by the propagation velocity of unstretched flame decreased. This was because of the weakness of intrinsic instability. Moreover, the normalized increment coefficient increased as the inert gas concentration became higher, especially in the case of carbon dioxide as inert gas. The dynamic characteristics of hydrogen\u2013air deflagration were greatly affected by the initial temperature and inert gas addition.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-024-01040-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T16:08:10Z","timestamp":1736525290000},"page":"291-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effects of initial temperature and inert\u2013gas addition on the dynamic characteristics of hydrogen\u2013air deflagration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9419-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Katsumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Zemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kadowaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1040_CR1","unstructured":"Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, METI (2023) Overview of Basic Hydrogen Strategy (online) available from https:\/\/www.meti.go.jp\/shingikai\/enecho\/shoene_shinene\/suiso_seisaku\/pdf\/20230606_4.pdf, Accessed on 22 Jan, 2024"},{"key":"1040_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2011.04.232","volume":"36","author":"SPM Bane","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bane SPM, M\u00e9vel R, Coronel SA, Shepherd JE (2011) Flame burning speeds and combustion characteristics of undiluted and nitrogen-diluted hydrogen-nitrous oxide mixtures. 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