{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:38:31Z","timestamp":1773268711381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ambient Intell Human Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-02581-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T20:02:28Z","timestamp":1601755348000},"page":"8483-8495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Image dehazing based on dark channel spatial stimuli gradient model and image morphology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rehan Mehmood","family":"Yousaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Adnan","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4888-2594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahid","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2581_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2007.381734","volume":"53","author":"M Abdullah-Al-Wadud","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abdullah-Al-Wadud M, Kabir MH, Dewan MAA, Chae O (2007) A dynamic histogram equalization for image contrast enhancement. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 53(2):593\u2013600","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Consum Electron"},{"issue":"8","key":"2581_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2262284","volume":"22","author":"CO Ancuti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ancuti CO, Ancuti C (2013) Single image dehazing by multi-scale fusion. IEEE Trans Image Process 22(8):3271\u20133282","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"11","key":"2581_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.5815\/ijigsp.2017.11.07","volume":"9","author":"B Bansal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bansal B, Sidhu JS, Jyoti K (2017) A review of image restoration based image defogging algorithms. Intern J Image Graph Signal Process 9(11):62","journal-title":"Intern J Image Graph Signal Process"},{"key":"2581_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berman D, Avidan S (2016) Non-local image dehazing. In: Paper presented at the Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.185"},{"key":"2581_CR5","unstructured":"Berman D, Treibitz T, Avidan S (2018) Single image dehazing using haze-lines. In: IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"issue":"11","key":"2581_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2598681","volume":"25","author":"B Cai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cai B, Xu X, Jia K, Qing C, Tao D (2016) Dehazenet: an end-to-end system for single image haze removal. IEEE Trans Image Process 25(11):5187\u20135198","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(88)90019-3","volume":"24","author":"PS Chavez Jr","year":"1988","unstructured":"Chavez PS Jr (1988) An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data. Remote Sens Environ 24(3):459\u2013479","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"11","key":"2581_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2456502","volume":"24","author":"LK Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi LK, You J, Bovik AC (2015) Referenceless prediction of perceptual fog density and perceptual image defogging. IEEE Trans Image Process 24(11):3888\u20133901","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360671","volume":"27","author":"R Fattal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fattal R (2008) Single image dehazing. ACM Trans Graph (TOG) 27(3):72","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph (TOG)"},{"key":"2581_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2016.05.031","volume":"129","author":"X Fu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu X, Zeng D, Huang Y, Liao Y, Ding X, Paisley J (2016) A fusion-based enhancing method for weakly illuminated images. Signal Process 129:82\u201396","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"2581_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao Y, Su Y, Li Q, Li H, Li J (2019) Single image dehazing via self-constructing image fusion. Signal Process 107284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.107284"},{"issue":"2","key":"2581_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5566\/ias.v27.p87-95","volume":"27","author":"N Hautiere","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hautiere N, Tarel J-P, Aubert D, Dumont E (2011) Blind contrast enhancement assessment by gradient ratioing at visible edges. Image Anal Stereol 27(2):87\u201395","journal-title":"Image Anal Stereol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2581_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.168","volume":"33","author":"K He","year":"2011","unstructured":"He K, Sun J, Tang X (2011) Single image haze removal using dark channel prior. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 33(12):2341\u20132353","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"2581_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.08.013","volume":"128","author":"C Hodges","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hodges C, Bennamoun M, Rahmani H (2019) Single image dehazing using deep neural networks. Pattern RecognLett 128:70\u201377","journal-title":"Pattern RecognLett"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2013.02.004","volume":"24","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim J-H, Jang W-D, Sim J-Y, Kim C-S (2013) Optimized contrast enhancement for real-time image and video dehazing. J Vis Commun Image Represent 24(3):410\u2013425","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"issue":"4","key":"2581_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2008.4711259","volume":"54","author":"NSP Kong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kong NSP, Ibrahim H (2008) Color image enhancement using brightness preserving dynamic histogram equalization. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 54(4):1962\u20131968","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Consum Electron"},{"key":"2581_CR17","unstructured":"Koschmieder H (1924) Theorie der horizontalenSichtweite. BeitragezurPhysik der freien Atmosphare.33\u201353"},{"key":"2581_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kratz L, Nishino K (2009) Factorizing scene albedo and depth from a single foggy image. In: 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459382"},{"issue":"1","key":"2581_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2867951","volume":"28","author":"B Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li B, Ren W, Fu D, Tao D, Feng D, Zeng W, Wang Z (2019) Benchmarking single-image dehazing and beyond. IEEE Trans Image Process 28(1):492\u2013505","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"2581_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2750418","volume":"27","author":"Z Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Z, Zheng J (2017) Single image de-hazing using globally guided image filtering. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(1):442\u2013450","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"2581_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15722","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2894525","volume":"7","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Shang J, Pan L, Wang A, Wang M (2019) A unified variational model for single image dehazing. IEEE Access 7:15722\u201315736","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"2581_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2015.2404827","volume":"22","author":"JJ Mathew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathew JJ, James AP (2015) Spatial stimuli gradient sketch model. IEEE Signal Process Lett 22(9):1336\u20131339","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"2581_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng G, Wang Y, Duan J, Xiang S, Pan C (2013) Efficient image dehazing with boundary constraint and contextual regularization. In: Paper presented at the Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.82"},{"key":"2581_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2019.2902097","volume":"21","author":"X Min","year":"2019","unstructured":"Min X, Zhai G, Gu K, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Guo G, Yang X, Guan X, Zhang W (2019) Quality evaluation of image dehazing methods using synthetic hazy images. IEEE Trans Multimedia 21:2319","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimedia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016328200723","volume":"48","author":"SG Narasimhan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Narasimhan SG, Nayar SK (2002) Vision and the atmosphere. Int J Comput Vision 48(3):233\u2013254","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vision"},{"key":"2581_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayar SK, Narasimhan SG (1999) Vision in bad weather. In: Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790306"},{"key":"2581_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren W, Liu S, Zhang H, Pan J, Cao X, Yang MH (2016) Single image dehazing via multi-scale convolutional neural networks. In: Paper presented at the European conference on computer vision","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46475-6_10"},{"key":"2581_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salazar-Colores S, Cabal-Yepez E, Ramos-Arreguin JM, Botella G, Ledesma-Carrillo LM, Ledesma S (2018) A fast image dehazing algorithm using morphological reconstruction. IEEE Trans Image Process","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2885490"},{"key":"2581_CR29","unstructured":"Schechner YY, Narasimhan SG, Nayar SK (2001) Instant dehazing of images using polarization. Paper presented at the null."},{"key":"2581_CR30","unstructured":"Shwartz S, Namer E, Schechner YY (2006) Blind haze separation. In: 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference. Paper presented at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"2581_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2005.1561859","volume":"51","author":"C-C Sun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sun C-C, Ruan S-J, Shie M-C, Pai T-W (2005) Dynamic contrast enhancement based on histogram specification. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 51(4):1300\u20131305","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Consum Electron"},{"key":"2581_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan RT (2008) Visibility in bad weather from a single image. In: Paper presented at the 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587643"},{"key":"2581_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang K, Yang J, Wang J (2014) Investigating haze-relevant features in a learning framework for image dehazing. In: Paper presented at the Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.383"},{"key":"2581_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarel JP, Hautiere N (2009) Fast visibility restoration from a single color or gray level image. In: 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference. Paper presented at the Computer Vision","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459251"},{"issue":"2","key":"2581_CR35","first-page":"6","volume":"4","author":"J-P Tarel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tarel J-P, Hautiere N, Caraffa L, Cord A, Halmaoui H, Gruyer D (2012) Vision enhancement in homogeneous and heterogeneous fog. IEEE IntellTranspSyst Mag 4(2):6\u201320","journal-title":"IEEE IntellTranspSyst Mag"},{"issue":"6\u20138","key":"2581_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-012-0679-y","volume":"28","author":"C Xiao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xiao C, Gan J (2012) Fast image dehazing using guided joint bilateral filter. Vis Comput 28(6\u20138):713\u2013721","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"issue":"9","key":"2581_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4395","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2837900","volume":"27","author":"F Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan F, Huang H (2018) Image haze removal via reference retrieval and scene prior. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(9):4395\u20134409","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"2581_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2019.02.004","volume":"74","author":"D Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao D, Xu L, Yan Y, Chen J, Duan L-Y (2019) Multi-scale optimal fusion model for single image dehazing. Signal Process Image Commun 74:253\u2013265","journal-title":"Signal Process Image Commun"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12652-020-02581-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12652-020-02581-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12652-020-02581-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T21:35:35Z","timestamp":1633383335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12652-020-02581-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-020-02581-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-5137","1868-5145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-5137","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-5145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest by all authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human\/animals"}}]}}