{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:14:35Z","timestamp":1777490075395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F1-17.1\/2017-18\/RGNF-2017-18-SC-TAM-33539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F1-17.1\/2017-18\/RGNF-2017-18-SC-TAM-33539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ambient Intell Human Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-03141-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T02:02:35Z","timestamp":1616983355000},"page":"3065-3081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The IoT based embedded system for the detection and discrimination of animals to avoid human\u2013wildlife conflict"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surya","family":"Thangavel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chitra Selvi","family":"Shokkalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3141_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anni DJS, Sangaiah AK (2015) An early warning system to prevent human\u2013elephant conflict and tracking of elephant using seismic sensors. In: Satapathy S, Govardhan A, Raju K, Mandal J (eds) Emerging ICT for bridging the future\u2014proceedings of the 49th annual convention of the Computer Society of India (CSI) volume 1. Advances in intelligent systems and computing, vol 337. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-13728-5_67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13728-5_67"},{"key":"3141_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.02.019","volume":"83","author":"JS Anni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anni JS, Sangaiah AK (2018) Wireless integrated sensor network: boundary intellect system for elephant detection via cognitive theory and fuzzy cognitive maps. Future Gener Comput Syst 83:522\u2013534 (ISSN 0167-739X)","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"3141_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayoub B, Jamal K, Arsalane Z (2016) Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients for speaker identification over VoIP networks.\u00a0In: 2016 international conference on information technology for organizations development (IT4OD), Fez, pp 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IT4OD.2016.7479293","DOI":"10.1109\/IT4OD.2016.7479293"},{"key":"3141_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bjorck J, Rappazzo BH, Chen D, Bernstein R, Wrege PH, Gomes CP (2019) Automatic detection and compression for passive acoustic monitoring of the african forest elephant.\u00a0Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence,\u00a033(01):476\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.3301476","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.3301476"},{"key":"3141_CR5","volume-title":"Speech science primer: \u201cPhysiology, acoustics, and perception of speech (3rd ed.)\u201d","author":"G Borden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Borden G, Harris K, Raphael L (1994) Speech science primer: \u201cPhysiology, acoustics, and perception of speech (3rd ed.).\u201d Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore"},{"key":"3141_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10772-017-9480-7","volume":"21","author":"L Boussaid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boussaid L, Hassine M (2018) Arabic isolated word recognition system using hybrid feature extraction techniques and neural network. Int J Speech Technol 21:29","journal-title":"Int J Speech Technol"},{"key":"3141_CR7","unstructured":"Broersen PMT (2006) Automatic autocorrelation and spectral analysis 1. Spectrum analysis\u2014Statistical methods 2. Signal processing\u2014Statistical methods 3. Autocorrelation (Statistics) 4. Time-series analysis\u201d. Springer-Verlag London Limited, I. Title 543.5\u20190727. ISBN-13: 9781846283284. ISBN-10: 1846283280"},{"key":"3141_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"S Buchan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buchan S, Mahu R, Wuth J, Balcazar-Cabrera N, Guti\u00e9rrez L, Neira S, Yoma N (2019) An unsupervised hidden Markov model-based system for the detection and classification of blue whale vocalizations off Chile. Bioacoustics 29:1\u201328","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"key":"3141_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemins P, Johnson M (2003) Application of speech recognition to African elephant (Loxodonta africana) vocalizations. In: ICASSP, IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing\u2014proceedings, vol 1, p I-484","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2003.1198823"},{"key":"3141_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.06.021","volume":"201","author":"E Darras","year":"2016","unstructured":"Darras E, P\u00fctz P, Fahrurrozi KR, Tscharntke T (2016) Measuring sound detection spaces for acoustic animal sampling and monitoring. Biol Conserv 201:0006\u20133207 (ISSN 29-37)","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"3141_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-019-01414-y","author":"KJ Devi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Devi KJ, Thongam K (2019) Automatic speaker recognition with enhanced swallow swarm optimization and ensemble classification model from speech signals. J Ambient Intell Human Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-019-01414-y","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Human Comput"},{"key":"3141_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-59-749740-4.00004-6","volume-title":"Blackhatonomics","author":"W Gragido","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gragido W, Pirc J, Selby N, Molina D (2013) Chapter 4\u2014signal-to-noise ratio. Blackhatonomics. Syngress, pp 45\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-59-749740-4.00004-6"},{"key":"3141_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.03.090","author":"D Gutierrez-Galan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Galan D, Dominguez-Morales JP, Cerezuela-Escudero E, Rios-Navarro A, Tapiador-Morales R, Rivas-Perez M, Dominguez-Morales M, Jimenez-Fernandez A, Linares-Barranco A (2017) Embedded neural network for real-time animal behavior classification. Neurocomputing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.03.090","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"2","key":"3141_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1109\/72.991427","volume":"13","author":"C-W Hsu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hsu C-W, Lin C-J (2002) A comparison of methods for multiclass support vector machines. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 13(2):415\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/72.991427","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"3141_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-017-0644-8","volume":"10","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang Y, Tian K, Wu A (2019) Feature fusion methods research based on deep belief networks for speech emotion recognition under noise condition. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 10:1787\u20131798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-017-0644-8","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Human Comput"},{"key":"3141_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2017.06.002","volume":"46","author":"H Kaya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaya H, Salah AA, Karpov A, Frolova O, Grigorev A, Lyakso E (2017) Emotion, age, and gender classification in children\u2019s speech by humans and machines. Comput Speech Lang 46:0885\u20132308 (ISSN 268-283)","journal-title":"Comput Speech Lang"},{"key":"3141_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2014.01.001","volume":"21","author":"S Keen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keen S, Ross JC, Griffiths ET, Lanzone M, Farnsworth A (2014) A comparison of similarity-based approaches in the classification of flight calls of four species of North American wood-warblers (Parulidae). Eco Inform 21:25\u201333","journal-title":"Eco Inform"},{"key":"3141_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10772-016-9358-0","volume":"19","author":"S Kuchibhotla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuchibhotla S, Vankayalapati HD, Anne KR (2016) An optimal two stage feature selection for speech emotion recognition using acoustic features. Int J Speech Technol 19:657","journal-title":"Int J Speech Technol"},{"key":"3141_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.07.004","volume":"27","author":"C-H Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee C-H, Chou C-H, Han C-C, Huang R-Z (2006) Automatic recognition of animal vocalizations using averaged MFCC and linear discriminant analysis. Pattern Recogn Lett 27:93\u2013101","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"3141_CR20","volume-title":"Action plan for the mitigation of elephant\u2013human conflict in india. Final report to the US fish and wildlife service","author":"J Lenin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lenin J, Sukumar R (2011) Action plan for the mitigation of elephant\u2013human conflict in india. Final report to the US fish and wildlife service. Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, Bangalore"},{"key":"3141_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-02005-y","author":"TT Leonid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leonid TT, Jayaparvathy R (2020) Statistical-model based voice activity identification for human\u2013elephant conflict mitigation. J Ambient Intell Human Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-020-02005-y","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Human Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"3141_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3390\/s16050717","volume":"16","author":"J Luque","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luque J, Larios DF, Personal E, Barbancho J, Le\u00f3n C (2016) \u201cEvaluation of Mpeg-7-based audio descriptors for animal voice recognition over wireless acoustic sensor\u201d networks. Sensors 16(5):717","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"3141_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aasri.2014.09.006","volume":"9","author":"S Matuska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matuska S, Hudec R, Kamencay P, Benco M, Zachariasova M (2014) Classification of wild animals based on SVM and local descriptors. AASRI Procedia 9:2212\u20136716 (ISSN 25-30)","journal-title":"AASRI Procedia"},{"key":"3141_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10772-018-9493-x","volume":"21","author":"MB Mustafa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mustafa MB, Yusoof MAM, Don ZM (2018) Speech emotion recognition research: an analysis of research focus. Int J Speech Technol 21:137","journal-title":"Int J Speech Technol"},{"key":"3141_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8578","DOI":"10.3390\/app10238578","volume":"10","author":"L Nanni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nanni L, Brahnam S, Lumini A, Maguolo G (2020) Animal sound classification using dissimilarity spaces. Appl Sci 10:8578","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"3141_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2017.02.009","volume":"89","author":"A Ogawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogawa A, Hori T (2017) Error detection and accuracy estimation in automatic speech recognition using deep bidirectional recurrent neural networks. Speech Commun 89:0167\u20136393 (ISSN 70-83)","journal-title":"Speech Commun"},{"key":"3141_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oikarinen TP, Srinivasan K, Meisner O, Hyman JB, Parmar S, Desimone R, Landman R, Feng G (2018) Deep convolutional network for animal sound classification and source attribution using dual audio recordings. bioRxiv 437004","DOI":"10.1101\/437004"},{"issue":"4","key":"3141_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/02564602.2015.1010611","volume":"32","author":"J Padmanabhan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Padmanabhan J, Premkumar MJJ (2015) Machine learning in automatic speech recognition: a survey. IETE Tech Rev 32(4):240\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02564602.2015.1010611","journal-title":"IETE Tech Rev"},{"key":"3141_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poshitha D, Suduwella C, Sayakkara A, Sandaruwan D, Keppitiyagama C, De Zoysa K et al (2015) Listening to the giants: using elephant infra-sound to solve the human\u2013elephant conflict. In:\u00a0Proceedings of the 6th ACM workshop on real-world wireless sensor networks\u00a0(Seoul). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2820990.2821000.","DOI":"10.1145\/2820990.2821000"},{"key":"3141_CR30","first-page":"166","volume":"7","author":"Prabu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prabu (2016) An efficient surveillance system to detect elephant intrusion into forest. Int J Adv Eng Technol 7:166\u2013171 (E-ISSN 0976-3945)","journal-title":"Int J Adv Eng Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3141_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48907","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048907","volume":"7","author":"AS Stoeger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stoeger AS, Heilmann G, Zeppelzauer M, Ganswindt A, Hensman S, Charlton BD (2012) \u201cVisualizing sound emission of elephant vocalizations: evidence for two rumble production types\u201d 2012. PLoS ONE 7(11):e48907","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"3141_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.2014.888375","volume":"23","author":"AS Stoeger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stoeger AS, Zeppelzauer M, Baotic A (2014) Age group estimation in free-ranging African elephants based on acoustic cues of low-frequency rumbles. Bioacoustics 23(3):231\u2013246","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"key":"3141_CR33","unstructured":"Venkataraman AB, Saandeep R, Baskaran N, Roy M, Madhivanan A, Sukumar R (2005) Using satellite telemetry to mitigate elephant\u2013human conflict: an experiment in northern West Bengal, India. Curr Sci 88:1827\u20131831. Available online at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24110372"},{"issue":"1","key":"3141_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.2014.906320","volume":"24","author":"JJ Viljoen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Viljoen JJ, Ganswindt A, Reynecke C, Stoeger AS, Langbauer WR Jr (2015) Vocal stress associated with a translocation of a family herd of African elephants (Loxodoa africana) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Bioacoustics 24(1):1\u201312 (Taylor & Francis)","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"key":"3141_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2019.1584830","author":"H Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhang C (2019) The application of gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients for forensic voice comparison under noisy conditions. Aust J Forensic Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00450618.2019.1584830","journal-title":"Aust J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3141_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01044.x","volume":"42","author":"JD Wood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wood JD, O\u2019Connell-Rodwell CE, Klemperer SL (2005) Using seismic sensors to detect elephants and other large mammals: a potential census technique. J Appl Ecol 42:587\u2013594","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"3141_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/324194","author":"Y Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wang H, Zhang B, Du K-L (2012) Using radial basis function networks for function approximation and classification. ISRN Appl Math. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2012\/324194","journal-title":"ISRN Appl Math"},{"key":"3141_CR38","first-page":"112","volume":"31","author":"O Yildiz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yildiz O, Arslan A (2018) Automated auscultative diagnosis system for evaluation of phonocardiogram signals associated with heart murmur diseases. Gazi Univ J Sci 31:112\u2013124","journal-title":"Gazi Univ J Sci"},{"key":"3141_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1370-y","volume":"8","author":"M Zeppelzauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeppelzauer M, Stoeger AS (2015) Establishing the fundamentals for an elephant early warning and monitoring system. BMC Res Notes 8:409","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"3141_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.2014.906321","volume":"24","author":"M Zeppelzauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeppelzauer M, Hensman S, Stoeger AS (2015) Towards an automated acoustic detection system for free ranging elephants. Bioacoustics 24:13\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09524622.2014.906321","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"key":"3141_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2017.05.003","volume":"38","author":"Bo Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Bo, Mor\u00e8re Y, Sieler L, Langlet C, Bolmont B, Bourhis G (2017) Reaction time and physiological signals for stress recognition. Biomed Signal Process Control 38:1746\u20138094 (ISSN 100-107)","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"3141_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2017.04.003","volume":"39","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Zhang S-H, Xu Z-Y, Bellisario K, Dai N-H, Omrani H, Pijanowski BC (2017) Automated bird acoustic event detection and robust species classification. Ecol Inform 39:99\u2013108","journal-title":"Ecol Inform"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03141-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03141-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03141-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T10:51:50Z","timestamp":1652266310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03141-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03141-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-5137","1868-5145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-5137","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-5145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest in submitting the manuscript to this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}