{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:10:31Z","timestamp":1780413031820,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]],"date-time":"2014-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416960000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mach. Learn. & Cyber."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-014-0313-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T17:15:54Z","timestamp":1417540554000},"page":"179-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Concepts reduction in formal concept analysis with fuzzy setting using Shannon entropy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Prem Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aswani Kumar","family":"Cherukuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2498\/cit.1002114","volume":"21","author":"J Annapurna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Annapurna J, Aswani Kumar Ch (2013) Exploring attribute with domain knowledge in formal concept analysis. J Comput Inf Technol 21(2):109\u2013123","journal-title":"J Comput Inf Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"313_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.09.026","volume":"37","author":"Ch Aswani Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aswani Kumar Ch, Srinivas S (2010) Concept lattice reduction from fuzzy K-means clustering. Expert Syst Appl 37(3):2696\u20132704","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"313_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218339010003512","volume":"18","author":"Ch Aswani Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aswani Kumar Ch, Srinivas S (2010) Mining associations in health care data using formal concept analysis and singular value decomposition. J Biol Syst 18(4):787\u2013807","journal-title":"J Biol Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"313_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2478\/v10006-011-0059-1","volume":"21","author":"Ch Aswani Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aswani Kumar Ch (2011) Knowledge discovery in data using formal concept analysis and random projections. Int J Appl Math Comput Sci 21(4):745\u2013756","journal-title":"Int J Appl Math Comput Sci"},{"key":"313_CR5","volume-title":"Communications in computer and information science","author":"Ch Aswani Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aswani Kumar Ch (2011) Communications in computer and information science. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"3","key":"313_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1080\/08839514.2012.648457","volume":"26","author":"Ch Aswani Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aswani Kumar Ch (2012) Fuzzy clustering based formal concept analysis for association rules mining. Appl Artif Intell 26(3):274\u2013301","journal-title":"Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR7","first-page":"34","volume":"12","author":"Ch Aswani Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aswani Kumar Ch, Radavansky M, Annapurna J (2012) Analysis of vector space model, latent semantic indexing and formal concept analysis for information retrieval. Cybern Inf Technol 12(1):34\u201348","journal-title":"Cybern Inf Technol"},{"key":"313_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.589","volume":"6","author":"Ch Aswani Kumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aswani Kumar Ch (2013) Designing role-based access control using formal concept analysis. Secur Commun Netw 6:373\u2013383","journal-title":"Secur Commun Netw"},{"key":"313_CR9","first-page":"306","volume-title":"Knowledge representation using formal concept analysis: a study on concept generation","author":"Ch Aswani Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aswani Kumar Ch, Singh PK (2014) In: Tripathy BK, Acharjya DP (eds) Knowledge representation using formal concept analysis: a study on concept generation., Global trends in knowledge representation and computational intelligenceIGI Global Publishers, Hershey, pp 306\u2013336"},{"key":"313_CR10","unstructured":"Babin MA, Kuznetsov SO (2012) Approximating concept stability, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 7278 LNAI, pp 7\u201315"},{"key":"313_CR11","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, Vychodil V (2005) What is fuzzy concept lattice. In: Proceedings of CLA Olomuc, Czech Republic, pp 34\u201345"},{"key":"313_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, Vychodil V (2005) Reducing the size of fuzzy concept lattice by hedges. In: Proceedings of 14th IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems, pp 663\u2013668","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2005.1452473"},{"key":"313_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, Macko J (2011) Selecting important concepts using weights. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 6628 LNAI, pp 65\u201380","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20514-9_7"},{"key":"313_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, Trnecka M (2012) Basic level of concepts in formal concept analysis, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 7278 LNAI, pp 28\u201344","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29892-9_9"},{"key":"313_CR15","first-page":"209","volume":"3","author":"A Burusco","year":"1994","unstructured":"Burusco A, Fuentes-Gonzales R (1994) The study of L-fuzzy concept lattice. Math Soft Comput 3:209\u2013218","journal-title":"Math Soft Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR16","first-page":"305","volume":"24","author":"P Cimiano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cimiano P, Hotho A, Staab S (2005) Learning concept hierarchies from text corpora using formal concept analysis. J Artif Int Res 24(1):305\u2013339","journal-title":"J Artif Int Res"},{"key":"313_CR17","first-page":"1743","volume":"2011","author":"V Cross","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cross V, Kandasamy M (2011) Fuzzy concept lattice construction: a basis for building fuzzy ontologies. FUZZ-IEEE 2011:1743\u20131750","journal-title":"FUZZ-IEEE"},{"key":"313_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809088","volume-title":"Introduction to lattices and order","author":"BA Davey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davey BA, Priestley HA (2002) Introduction to lattices and order. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"5","key":"313_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.10.010","volume":"40","author":"SM Dias","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dias SM, Viera NJ (2013) Applying the JBOS reduction method for relevant knowledge extraction. Experts Syst Appl 40(5):1880\u20131887","journal-title":"Experts Syst Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"313_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.06.013","volume":"163","author":"S Elloumi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Elloumi S, Jaam J, Hasnah A, Jaoua A (2004) A multi-level conceptual data reduction approach based on the Lukasiewicz implication. Inf Sci 163(4):253\u2013262","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"313_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenza G, Loia V, Senatore S (2008) Concept mining of semantic web services by means of extended fuzzy formal concept analysis (FFCA), IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics, SMC, pp 240\u2013245","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2008.4811281"},{"key":"313_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59830-2","volume-title":"Formal concept analysis: mathematical foundation","author":"B Ganter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ganter B, Wille R (1999) Formal concept analysis: mathematical foundation. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"313_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2009.10.027","volume":"161","author":"P Ghosh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ghosh P, Kundu K, Sarkar D (2010) Fuzzy graph representation of a fuzzy concept lattice. Fuzzy Sets Syst 161:1669\u20131675","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"313_CR24","unstructured":"http:\/\/conexp.sourceforge.net\/"},{"key":"313_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2012.03.003","volume":"203","author":"X Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang X, Li D, Wang S, Qu K (2012) Formal concept analysis based on fuzzy granularity base for different granulation. Fuzzy Sets Syst 203:33\u201348","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"313_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/09528130210164170","volume":"14","author":"SO Kuznetsov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuznetsov SO, Obiedkov SA (2002) Comparing performance of algorithms for generating concept lattices. J Exp Theor Artif Int 14:189\u2013216","journal-title":"J Exp Theor Artif Int"},{"key":"313_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.03.006","volume":"23","author":"L Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li L, Jhang J (2010) Attribute reduction in fuzzy concept lattices based on the T-implication. Knowl-Based Syst 23:497\u2013503","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"313_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2010.12.060","volume":"61","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li J, Mei C, Lv Y (2011) A heuristic knowledge-reduction method for decision formal contexts. Comput Math Appl 61(4):1096\u20131106","journal-title":"Comput Math Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"313_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2011.02.011","volume":"24","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li J, Mei C, Lv Y (2011) Knowledge reduction in decision formal contexts. Knowl-Based Syst 24(5):709\u2013715","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"313_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.11.041","volume":"189","author":"J Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li J, Mei C, Lv Y (2012) Knowledge reduction in real decision formal contexts. Inf Sci 189:191\u2013207","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"313_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-013-0150-z","volume":"4","author":"J Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li J, Mei C, Zhang X (2013) On rule acquisition in decision formal contexts. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 4(6):721\u2013731","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2012.07.005","volume":"54","author":"J Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li J, Mei C, Lv Y (2013) Incomplete decision contexts: approximate concept construction, rule acquisition and knowledge reduction. Int J Approx Reason 54(1):149\u2013165","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"313_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.3390\/e15062303","volume":"15","author":"J Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li J, He Z, Zhu Q (2013) An entropy-based weighted concept lattice for merging multi-source geo-ontologies. Entropy 15:2303\u20132318","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"313_CR34","unstructured":"Li C, Li J, He M (2014) Concept lattice compression in incomplete contexts based on K-medoids clustering. Int J Mach Learn Cybern. doi:10.1007\/s13042-014-02883"},{"issue":"12","key":"313_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-013-1095-6","volume":"17","author":"TP Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin TP, Abd Rahim NH (2013) A general approach to the measurement of change in fuzzy concept lattices. Soft Comput 17(12):2223\u20132234","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"313_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-013-0214-0","volume":"5","author":"JM Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma JM, Leung Y, Zhang WX (2014) Attribute reductions in object-oriented concept lattices. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 5(5):789\u2013813","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"313_CR37","first-page":"95","volume":"208","author":"J Medina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Medina J (2012) Relating attribute reduction in formal, object-oriented and property-oriented concept lattices. Comput Math Appl 208:95\u2013110","journal-title":"Comput Math Appl"},{"key":"313_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.03.007","volume":"23","author":"JS Mi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mi JS, Leung Y, Wu WZ (2010) Approaches to attributes reduction in concept lattices induced by axialities. Knowl-Based Syst 23:504\u2013511","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.09.021","volume":"185","author":"J Pocs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pocs J (2012) Note on generating fuzzy concept lattices via Galois connections. Inf Sci 185(1):128\u2013136","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"313_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.05.009","volume":"40","author":"J Poelmans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Poelmans J, Kuznetsov SO, Ignatov DI, Dedene G (2013) Formal concept analysis in knowledge processing : a survey on applications. Expert Syst Appl 40(16):6538\u20136560","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"313_CR41","unstructured":"Singh PK, Aswani Kumar Ch (2012) Interval-valued fuzzy graph representation of concept lattice. In: Proceedings of 12th international conference on intelligent system design and application, pp 604\u2013609"},{"key":"313_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.06.228","volume":"38","author":"PK Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh PK, Aswani Kumar Ch (2012) A method for decomposition of fuzzy formal context. Proceedings of international conference on modelling optimization and computing. Procedia Eng 38:1852\u20131857","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"313_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh PK, Aswani Kumar Ch (2012) A method for reduction of fuzzy relation in a fuzzy formal context. Proceedings of international conference on mathematical, modelling and scientific computation, CCIS, Springer, Berlin, 283:343\u2013350","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28926-2_37"},{"key":"313_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-1771-8_73","volume":"258","author":"PK Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh PK, Aswani Kumar Ch (2014) A note on constructing fuzzy homomorphism map for a given fuzzy formal context. In: Proceeding of 3rd international conference on SocPros 2013, Springer. Adv Intell Syst Comput 258:845\u2013855","journal-title":"Adv Intell Syst Comput"},{"key":"313_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.07.038","volume":"288","author":"PK Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh PK, Aswani Kumar Ch (2014) Bipolar fuzzy graph representation of concept lattice. Inf Sci 288:437\u2013448","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"313_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.1440400120","volume":"40","author":"U Priss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Priss U (2006) Formal concept analysis in information science. Annu Rev Inf Sci Technol 40:521\u2013543","journal-title":"Annu Rev Inf Sci Technol"},{"key":"313_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senatore S, Pasi G, Lattice navigation for collaborative filtering by means of (fuzzy) formal concept analysis. In: Proceedings of the 28th annual ACM symposium on applied computing (SAC \u201913). ACM, New York, pp 920\u2013926","DOI":"10.1145\/2480362.2480538"},{"key":"313_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst Tech J 27: 379\u2013423, 623\u2013656.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2013.04.011","volume":"55","author":"MW Shao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shao MW, Leung Y, Wu WZ (2014) Rule acquisition and complexity reduction in formal decision contexts. Int J Approx Reason 55(1):259\u2013274","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"313_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumangali K, Aswani Kumar Ch (2014) Determination of interesting rules in FCA using information gain. 1st international conference on networks and soft computing (ICNSC) 2014:304\u2013308","DOI":"10.1109\/CNSC.2014.6906673"},{"key":"313_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7798-3_15","volume-title":"Ordered Sets","author":"R Wille","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wille R (1982) Restructuring lattice theory: an approach based on hierarchies of concepts. In: Rival I (ed) Ordered Sets. Reidel Dordrect, Boston, pp 445\u2013470"},{"issue":"10","key":"313_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.223","volume":"21","author":"WZ Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu WZ, Leung Y, Mi JS (2009) Granular computing and knowledge reduction in formal context. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 21(10):1461\u20131474","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"313_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao YY (2004) A comparative study of formal concept analysis and rough set theory in data analysis. In: Proceedings of 4th international conference on rough sets and current trends in computing (RSCTC), Sweden, pp 59\u201368.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25929-9_6"},{"key":"313_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao YY (2004) Concept lattices in rough set theory. Proceedings of 2004 annual meeting of the North American fuzzy information processing society. IEEE Computer Society, Washington D.C., pp 796\u2013801","DOI":"10.1109\/NAFIPS.2004.1337404"},{"key":"313_CR55","unstructured":"Yao YY (2004) Granular computing. In: Proceedings of the 4th Chinese national conference on rough sets and soft computing, Computer Science (Ji Suan Ji Ke Xue)vol. 31. pp. 1\u20135"},{"key":"313_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2012.08.002","volume":"81\u201382","author":"S Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang S, Guo P, Zhang J, Wang X, Pedrycz W (2012) A completeness analysis of frequent weighted concept lattices and their algebraic properties. Data Knowl Eng 81\u201382:104\u2013117","journal-title":"Data Knowl Eng"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-014-0313-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13042-014-0313-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-014-0313-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-014-0313-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,18]],"date-time":"2019-08-18T02:27:50Z","timestamp":1566095270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13042-014-0313-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-014-0313-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-8071","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-808X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]]}}}