{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T06:54:34Z","timestamp":1760597674382,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]],"date-time":"2015-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ID0EWGAE423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID0EWGAE423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ID0EZJAE424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID0EZJAE424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mach. Learn. &amp; Cyber."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-015-0457-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]],"date-time":"2015-11-12T08:32:14Z","timestamp":1447317134000},"page":"627-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Concept granular computing systems and their approximation operators"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Faming","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Wen","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guofang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.10.021","volume":"260","author":"R Belohlavek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, De Baets B, Konecny J (2014) Granularity of attributes in formal concept analysis. Inf Sci 260:149\u2013170","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"457_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2041006","volume":"18","author":"R Belohlavek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, De Baets B, Outrata J, Vychodil V (2010) Computing the lattice of all fixpoints of a fuzzy closure operator. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 18(3):546\u2013557","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"457_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2011.06.018","volume":"26","author":"A Formica","year":"2012","unstructured":"Formica A (2012) Semantic web search based on rough sets and fuzzy formal concept analysis. Knowl Based Syst 26:40\u201347","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"457_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59830-2","volume-title":"Formal concept analysis. Mathematic foundations","author":"B Ganter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ganter B, Wille R (1999) Formal concept analysis. Mathematic foundations. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"457_CR5","unstructured":"Gediga G, Duntsch I (2002) Modal-style operators in qualitative data analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE international conference on data mining, pp 155\u2013162"},{"key":"457_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00244-2","volume":"138","author":"S Greco","year":"2002","unstructured":"Greco S, Matarazzo B, S\u0142owi\u0144ski R (2002) Rough sets methodology for sorting problems in presence of multiple attributes and criteria. Eur J Oper Res 138:247\u2013259","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"457_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.01.009","volume":"193","author":"LH Guan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guan LH, Wang GY (2012) Generalized approximations defined by nonequivalence relations. Inf Sci 193:163\u2013179","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2012.03.003","volume":"203","author":"XP Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang XP, Li DY, Wang SG, Qu KS (2012) Formal concept analysis based on fuzzy granularity base for different granulations. Fuzzy Sets Syst 203:33\u201348","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"457_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.09.026","volume":"37","author":"CA Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumar CA, Srinivas S (2010) Concept lattice reduction using fuzzy K-means clustering. Expert Syst Appl 37:2696\u20132704","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"457_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2008.12.002","volume":"50","author":"HL Lai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lai HL, Zhang DX (2009) Concept lattices of fuzzy contexts: formal concept analysis vs. rough set theory. Int J Approx Reason 50:695\u2013707","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"457_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apal.2008.09.028","volume":"159","author":"YB Lei","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lei YB, Luo MK (2009) Rough concept lattices and domains. Ann Pure Appl Logic 159:333\u2013340","journal-title":"Ann Pure Appl Logic"},{"key":"457_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.12.010","volume":"298","author":"JH Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li JH, Mei CL, Xu WH, Qian YH (2015) Concept learning via granular computing: a cognitive viewpoint. Inf Sci 298:447\u2013467","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li JH, Ren Y, Mei CL, Qian YH, Yang XB (2015) A comparative study of multigranulation rough sets and concept lattices via rule acquisition. Knowl Based Syst. doi: 10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.07.024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.07.024"},{"issue":"9","key":"457_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2006.03.040","volume":"53","author":"M Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu M, Shao MW, Zhang WX, Wu C (2007) Reduction method for concept lattices based on rough set theory and its application. Computers Math Appl 53(9):1390\u20131410","journal-title":"Computers Math Appl"},{"issue":"23","key":"457_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.07.008","volume":"177","author":"JM Ma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ma JM, Zhang WX, Leung Y, Song XX (2007) Granular computing and dual Galois connection. Inf Sci 177(23):5365\u20135377","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.11.016","volume":"190","author":"J Medina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Medina J (2012) Multi-adjoint property-oriented and object-oriented concept lattices. Inf Sci 190:95\u2013106","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.10.030","volume":"225","author":"J Medina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Medina J, Ojeda-Aciego M (2013) Dual multi-adjoint concept lattices. Inf Sci 225:47\u201354","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","volume":"11","author":"Z Pawlak","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pawlak Z (1982) Rough sets. Int J Computer Inf Sci 11:341\u2013356","journal-title":"Int J Computer Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.03.038","volume":"232","author":"W Pedrycz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pedrycz W (2014) Allocation of information granularity in optimization and decision-making models: towards building the foundations of granular computing. Eur J Oper Res 232(1):137\u2013145","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"457_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.990878","volume":"32","author":"W Pedrycz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pedrycz W, Bargiela A (2002) Granular computing: a granular signature of data. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B Cybern 32(2):212\u2013224","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B Cybern"},{"issue":"2","key":"457_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2095461","volume":"19","author":"YH Qian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qian YH, Liang JY, Wu WZ, Dang CY (2011) Information granularity in fuzzy binary GrC model. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 19(2):253\u2013264","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"457_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-010-3092-z","volume":"53","author":"GF Qiu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qiu GF, Ma JM, Yang HZ, Zhang WX (2010) A mathematical model for concept granular computing systems. Sci China (Information Sciences) 53(7):1397\u20131408","journal-title":"Sci China (Information Sciences)"},{"key":"457_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2007.05.002","volume":"158","author":"MW Shao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shao MW, Liu M, Zhang WX (2007) Set approximations in fuzzy formal concept analysis. Fuzzy Set Syst 158:2627\u20132640","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Syst"},{"key":"457_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2014.03.006","volume":"65","author":"MW Shao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shao MW, Leung Y (2014) Relations between granular reduct and dominance reduct in formal contexts. Knowl Based Syst 65:1\u201311","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2013.04.011","volume":"55","author":"MW Shao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shao MW, Leung Y, Wu WZ (2014) Rule acquisition and complexity reduction in formal decision contexts. Int J Approx Reason 55(1):259\u2013274","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"457_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.07.004","volume":"178","author":"LD Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang LD, Liu XD (2008) Concept analysis via rough set and AFS algebra. Inf Sci 178:4125\u20134137","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7798-3_15","volume-title":"Ordered sets","author":"R Wille","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wille R (1982) Restructuring lattice theory: an approach based on hierarchies of concepts. In: Rival I (ed) Ordered sets. Reidel, Dordrecht-Boston, pp 445\u2013470"},{"key":"457_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2008.06.001","volume":"22","author":"Q Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu Q, Liu ZT (2009) Real formal concept analysis based on grey-rough set theory. Knowl Based Syst 22:38\u201345","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"457_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei L, Wan Q (2014) Granular transformation and irreducible element judgment theory based on pictorial diagrams. IEEE Trans Cybern. doi: 10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2371476","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2371476"},{"key":"457_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(02)00379-1","volume":"151","author":"WZ Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu WZ, Mi JS, Zhang WX (2003) Generalized fuzzy rough sets. Inf Sci 151:263\u2013282","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.04.047","volume":"181","author":"WZ Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu WZ, Leung Y (2011) Theory and applications of granular labelled partitions in multi-scale decision tables. Inf Sci 181:3878\u20133897","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"457_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.223","volume":"21","author":"WZ Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu WZ, Leung Y, Mi JS (2009) Granular computing and knowledge reduction in formal contexts. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 21(10):1461\u20131474","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"457_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu WH, Li WT (2014) Granular computing approach to two-way learning based on formal concept analysis in fuzzy datasets. IEEE Trans Cybern. doi: 10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2361772","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2361772"},{"issue":"6","key":"457_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2012.2236648","volume":"43","author":"JT Yao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yao JT, Vasilakos AV, Pedrycz W (2013) Granular computing: perspectives and challenges. IEEE Trans Cybern 43(6):1977\u20131989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"457_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(98)10006-3","volume":"111","author":"YY Yao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yao YY (1998) Relational interpretations of neighborhood operators and rough set approximation operators. Inf Sci 111(1\u20134):239\u2013259","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao YY (2004) Concept lattices in rough set theory. In: Proceedings of 2004 annual meeting of the North American fuzzy information processing Society, pp 73\u201378","DOI":"10.1109\/NAFIPS.2004.1337404"},{"key":"457_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao YY (2004) A comparative study of formal concept analysis and rough set theory. In: Data analysis, rough sets and current trends in computing, 4th International Conference. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3066, pp 59\u201368","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25929-9_6"},{"key":"457_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao YY (2005) Perspectives of granular computing. In: Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International conference on granular computing, vol 1, pp 85\u201390","DOI":"10.1109\/GRC.2005.1547239"},{"key":"457_CR39","unstructured":"Yao YY (2005) A united framework of granular computing. In: Pedrycz W, Skowron A, Kreinovich V (eds) Handbook of granular computing. Wiley, New York, pp 401\u2013410"},{"issue":"4","key":"457_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2009.2013334","volume":"39","author":"YY Yao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yao YY (2009) Interpreting concept learning in cognitive informatics and granular computing. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B Cybern 39(4):855\u2013866","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B Cybern"},{"key":"457_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.05.021","volume":"213","author":"YY Yao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yao YY, Zhang LQ (2012) A measurement theory view on the granularity of partitions. Inf Sci 213:1\u201313","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"457_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2012-653","volume":"115","author":"YY Yao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yao YY, Zhang N, Miao DQ, Xu FF (2012) Set-theoretic approaches to granular computing. Fundamenta Informaticae 115(2\u20133):247\u2013264","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"key":"457_CR43","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1979) Fuzzy sets and information granularity. In: Advances in fuzzy set theory and applications. NorthHolland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 3\u201318"},{"issue":"7","key":"457_CR44","first-page":"2287","volume":"6","author":"QH Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang QH, Xing YK (2010) Formal concept analysis based on granular computing. J Comput Inf Syst 6(7):2287\u20132296","journal-title":"J Comput Inf Syst"},{"issue":"22","key":"457_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.05.031","volume":"177","author":"WX Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang WX, Ma JM, Fan SQ (2007) Variable threshold concept lattices. Inf Sci 177(22):4883\u20134892","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"457_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92916-1_4","volume":"182","author":"WX Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang WX, Yang HZ, Ma JM, Qiu GF (2009) Concept granular computing based on lattice theoretic setting. Stud Comput Intell 182:67\u201394","journal-title":"Stud Comput Intell"},{"key":"457_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.09.020","volume":"268","author":"XY Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang XY, Miao DQ (2014) Quantitative information architecture, granular computing and rough set models in the double-quantitative approximation space of precision and grade. Inf Sci 268:147\u2013168","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"457_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.05.037","volume":"177","author":"W Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu W (2007) Generalized rough sets based on relations. Inf Sci 177(22):4997\u20135011","journal-title":"Inf Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0457-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0457-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0457-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0457-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T23:32:03Z","timestamp":1653521523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0457-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0457-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1868-8071"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1868-808X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]]}}}