{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T11:44:08Z","timestamp":1774179848741,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61173181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61173181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61363056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61363056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61272021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61272021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6157332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6157332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mach. Learn. & Cyber."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-015-0485-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T09:01:04Z","timestamp":1451984464000},"page":"1145-1155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["A data reduction method in formal fuzzy contexts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kewen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Wen","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Zhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"485_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/malq.19990450408","volume":"45","author":"R Belohlavek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Belohlavek R (1999) Fuzzy Galois connections. Math Logic Quart 45(4):497\u2013504","journal-title":"Math Logic Quart"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"485_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apal.2003.01.001","volume":"128","author":"R Belohlavek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Belohlavek R (2004) Concept lattice and order in fuzzy logic. Ann Pure Appl Logic 128(1\u20133):277\u2013298","journal-title":"Ann Pure Appl Logic"},{"issue":"3","key":"485_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2041006","volume":"18","author":"R Belohlavek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, De Baets B, Outrata J, Vychodil V (2010) Computing the lattice of all fixpoints of a fuzzy closure operator. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 18(3):546\u2013557","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"485_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, Sklenar V, Zacpal J (2005) Crisply generated fuzzy concepts. In: Proceedings of ICFCA 2005, lecture notes in artificial intelligence, vol 3403, pp 269\u201384","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32262-7_19"},{"key":"485_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, Vychodil V (2005) Reducing the size of fuzzy concept lattices by hedges. In: FUZZ-IEEE 2005, the IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems, May 22\u201325, Reno, Nevada, USA, pp 663\u2013668","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2005.1452473"},{"issue":"4","key":"485_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2008.2012168","volume":"39","author":"R Belohlavek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Belohlavek R, Vychodil V (2009) Formal concept analysis with background knowledge: attribute priorities. IEEE Trans Syst ManCybern Cybern Part C Appl Rev 39(4):399\u2013409","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst ManCybern Cybern Part C Appl Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"485_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(98)00182-1","volume":"114","author":"A Burusco","year":"2000","unstructured":"Burusco A, Fuentes-Gonz\u00e1lez R (2000) Concept lattices defined from implication operators. Fuzzy Sets Syst 114(3):431\u2013436","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"485_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.11.053","volume":"304","author":"JK Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen JK, Li JJ, Lin YJ, Lin GP, Ma ZM (2015) Relations of reduction between covering generalized rough sets and concept lattices. Inf Sci 304:16\u201327","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"485_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809088","volume-title":"Introduction to lattices and order","author":"BA Davey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davey BA, Priestley HA (2002) Introduction to lattices and order. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"485_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2003.06.013","volume":"163","author":"S Elloumi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Elloumi S, Jaam J, Hasnah A, Jaoua A, Nafkha I (2004) A multi-level conceptual data reduction approach based on the Lukasiewicz implication. Inf Sci 163:253\u2013262","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"485_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59830-2","volume-title":"Formal concept analysis, mathematic foundations","author":"B Ganter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ganter B, Wille R (1999) Formal concept analysis, mathematic foundations. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"8","key":"485_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00153-004-0240-4","volume":"43","author":"G Georgescu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Georgescu G, Popescu A (2004) Non-dual fuzzy connections. Arch Math Logic 43(8):1009\u20131039","journal-title":"Arch Math Logic"},{"key":"485_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(01)00087-5","volume":"60","author":"A Jaoua","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jaoua A, Elloumi S (2002) Galois connection, formal concepts and Galois lattice in real relations: application in a real classifier. J Syst Softw 60:149\u2013163","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"485_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kardo\u0161 F, P\u00f3cs J, P\u00f3csov\u00e1 J (2015) On concept reduction based on some graph properties. Knowl Based Syst. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.11.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.11.003"},{"key":"485_CR15","first-page":"521","volume":"5","author":"S Kraj\u010di","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kraj\u010di S (2003) Cluster based efficient generation of fuzzy concepts. Neural Netw World 5:521\u2013530","journal-title":"Neural Netw World"},{"key":"485_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar CA, Dias SM, Vieira NJ (2015) Knowledge reduction in formal contexts using non-negative matrix factorization. Math Comput Simul. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.matcom.2014.08.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2014.08.004"},{"key":"485_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.09.026","volume":"37","author":"CA Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumar CA, Srinivas S (2010) Concept lattice reduction using fuzzy K-means clustering. Expert Syst Appl 37:2696\u20132704","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"485_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.03.006","volume":"23","author":"LF Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li LF, Zhang JK (2010) Attribute reduction in fuzzy concept lattices based on the T implication. Knowl Based Syst 23:497\u2013503","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"485_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.11.041","volume":"189","author":"JH Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li JH, Mei CL, Lv YJ (2012) Knowledge reduction in real decision formal contexts. Inf Sci 189:191\u2013207","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"485_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.07.024","volume":"91","author":"JH Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li JH, Ren Y, Mei CL, Qian YH, Yang XB (2016) A comparative study of multi-granulation rough sets and concept lattices via rule acquisition. Knowl Based Syst 91:152\u2013164","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"485_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.10.010","volume":"91","author":"MZ Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li MZ, Wang GY (2016) Approximate concept construction with three way decisions and attribute reduction in incomplete contexts. Knowl Based Syst 91:165\u2013178","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"485_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2006.03.040","volume":"53","author":"M Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu M, Shao MW, Zhang WX, Wu C (2007) Reduction method for concept lattices based on rough set theory and its application. Comput Math Appl 53(9):1390\u20131410","journal-title":"Comput Math Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"485_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-150743","volume":"19","author":"SX Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu SX, Wang XZ, Zhang GQ, Zhou X (2015) Effective algorithms of the Moore\u2013Penrose inverse matrices for extreme learning machine. Intell Data Anal 19(4):743\u2013760","journal-title":"Intell Data Anal"},{"key":"485_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.03.007","volume":"23","author":"JS Mi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mi JS, Leung Y, Wu WZ (2010) Approaches to attribute reduction in concept lattices induced by axialities. Knowl Based Syst 23:504\u2013511","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"485_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2012.03.087","volume":"64","author":"J Medina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Medina J (2012) Relating attribute reduction in formal, object-oriented and property-oriented concept lattices. Comput Math Appl 64:1992\u20132002","journal-title":"Comput Math Appl"},{"key":"485_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.11.016","volume":"190","author":"J Medina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Medina J (2012) Multi-adjoint property-oriented and object-oriented concept lattices. Inf Sci 190:95\u2013106","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"485_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.11.018","volume":"180","author":"J Medina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Medina J, Ojeda-Aciego M (2010) Multi-adjoint t-concept lattices. Inf Sci 180:712\u2013725","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"485_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.10.030","volume":"225","author":"J Medina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Medina J, Ojeda-Aciego M (2013) Dual multi-adjoint concept lattices. Inf Sci 225:47\u201354","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"485_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"50","author":"A Popescu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Popescu A (2001) A general approach to fuzzy concept. Math Logic Quart 50(3):1\u201317","journal-title":"Math Logic Quart"},{"key":"485_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.08.006","volume":"91","author":"JJ Qi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qi JJ, Qian T, Wei L (2016) The connections between three-way and classical concept lattices. Knowl Based Syst 91:143\u2013151","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"485_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2013.04.011","volume":"55","author":"MW Shao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shao MW, Leung Y, Wu WZ (2014) Rule acquisition and complexity reduction in formal decision contexts. Int J Approx Reason 55(1):259\u2013274","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"key":"485_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2014.03.006","volume":"65","author":"MW Shao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shao MW, Leung Y (2014) Relations between granular reduct and dominance reduct in formal contexts. Knowl Based Syst 65:1\u201311","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"485_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-014-1558-4","volume":"19","author":"PK Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh PK, Kumar ChA, Li JH (2015) Knowledge representation using interval-valued fuzzy formal concept lattice. Soft Comput 19:1\u201318","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"485_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2014.09.001","volume":"56","author":"AH Tan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan AH, Li JJ, Lin GP (2015) Connections between covering-based rough sets and concept lattices. Int J Approx Reason 56:43\u201358","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"7","key":"485_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2348012","volume":"45","author":"R Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang R, Kwon S, Wang XZ, Jiang QS (2015) Segment based decision tree induction with continuous valued attributes. IEEE Trans Cybern 45(7):1262\u20131275","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"issue":"5","key":"485_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2008.02.005","volume":"21","author":"X Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang WX (2008) Relations of attribute reduction between object and property oriented concept lattices. Knowl Based Syst 21(5):398\u2013403","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"485_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-141516","volume":"28","author":"XZ Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang XZ (2015) Uncertainty in learning from big data-editorial. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 28(5):2329\u20132330","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"485_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-151729","volume":"29","author":"XZ Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang XZ, Aamir R, Fu AM (2015) Fuzziness based sample categorization for classifier performance improvement. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 29:1185\u20131196","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"485_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(97)00030-4","volume":"99","author":"XZ Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang XZ, Hong JR (1998) On the handling of fuzziness for continuous-valued attributes in decision tree generation. Fuzzy Sets Syst 99(3):283\u2013290","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"485_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.05.006","volume":"68","author":"XZ Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang XZ, He Q, Chen DG, Yeung D (2005) A genetic algorithm for solving the inverse problem of support vector machines. Neurocomputing 68:225\u2013238","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"5","key":"485_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2014.2371479","volume":"23","author":"XZ Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang XZ, Xing HJ, Li Y (2015) A study on relationship between generalization abilities and fuzziness of base classifiers in ensemble learning. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23(5):1638\u20131654","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"485_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wille R (1982) Restructuring lattice theory: an approach based on hierarchies of concepts. In: Rival I (ed) Ordered sets, pp 445\u2013470. Reidel, Dordrecht, Boston","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7798-3_15"},{"issue":"10","key":"485_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.223","volume":"21","author":"WZ Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu WZ, Leung Y, Mi JS (2009) Granular computing and knowledge reduction in formal contexts. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 21(10):1461\u20131474","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"485_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahia S, Jaoua A (2001) Discovering knowledge from fuzzy concept lattice. In: Kandel A, Last M, Bunke H (eds) Data mining and computational intelligence, pp 167\u2013190. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-1825-3_7"},{"issue":"22","key":"485_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.05.031","volume":"177","author":"WX Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang WX, Ma JM, Fan SQ (2007) Variable threshold concept lattices. Inf Sci 177(22):4883\u20134892","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"485_CR46","first-page":"628","volume":"35","author":"WX Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang WX, Wei L, Qi JJ (2005) Attribute reduction theory and approach of concept lattices. Sci China Ser E Inf Sci 35(6):628\u2013639","journal-title":"Sci China Ser E Inf Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0485-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0485-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0485-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0485-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T10:31:22Z","timestamp":1559471482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0485-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-015-0485-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-8071","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-808X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]]}}}