{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:35:54Z","timestamp":1778823354059,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473292800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71371063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71371063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mach. Learn. & Cyber."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-016-0591-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T18:26:02Z","timestamp":1473359162000},"page":"35-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Three-way decisions model based on tolerance rough fuzzy set"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Junhai","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","volume":"11","author":"Z Pawlak","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pawlak Z (1982) Rough sets. Int J Inf Comput Sci 11:341\u2013356","journal-title":"Int J Inf Comput Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"591_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2387-1","volume":"83","author":"W Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou W, Zhang SL (2015) The decision delay in finite-length MMSE\u2013DFE systems. Wirel Pers Commun 83(1):175\u2013189","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"key":"591_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.08.048","volume":"291","author":"S He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He S, Chen HH, Zhu ZX et al (2015) Robust twin boosting for feature selection from high-dimensional OMICS data with label noise. Inf Sci 291:1\u201318","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-014-0324-5","volume":"43","author":"F Pan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pan F, Song GG, Gan XB et al (2014) Consistent feature selection and its application to face recognition. J Intell Inf Syst 43(2):307\u2013321","journal-title":"J Intell Inf Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2010.936311","volume":"5","author":"ZX Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu ZX, Jia S, Ji Z (2010) Towards a memetic feature selection paradigm. IEEE Comput Intell Mag 5(2):41\u201353","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Intell Mag"},{"issue":"4","key":"591_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-130598","volume":"17","author":"JY Xie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xie JY, Hone K, Xie WX et al (2013) Extending twin support vector machine classifier for multi-category classification problems. Intell Data Anal 17(4):649\u2013664","journal-title":"Intell Data Anal"},{"issue":"4","key":"591_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-141136","volume":"27","author":"R Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang R, Ren OY (2014) Classification based on Choquet integral. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 27(4):1693\u20131702","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"591_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-141291","volume":"28","author":"R Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang R, Wang ZY (2015) Cross-oriented choquet integrals and their applications on data classification. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 28(1):205\u2013216","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"591_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He YL, Wang XZ, Huang ZX (2016) Recent advances in multiple criteria decision making techniques. Int J Mach Learn Cybern. doi: 10.1007\/s13042-015-0490-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-015-0490-y"},{"issue":"93","key":"591_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(93)90048-2","volume":"46","author":"W Ziarko","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ziarko W (1993) Variable precision rough set model. J Comput Syst Sci 46(93):39\u201359","journal-title":"J Comput Syst Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"591_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0394.00253","volume":"20","author":"YY Yao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yao YY (2003) Probabilistic approaches to rough sets. Expert Syst 20(5):287\u2013297","journal-title":"Expert Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"591_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7373(92)90069-W","volume":"37","author":"YY Yao","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yao YY, Wong SKM (1992) A decision theoretic framework for approximating concepts. Int J Man Mach Stud 37(6):793\u2013809","journal-title":"Int J Man Mach Stud"},{"key":"591_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.04.020","volume":"316","author":"WT Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li WT, Xu WH (2015) Double-quantitative decision-theoretic rough set. Inf Sci 316:54\u201367","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"591_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.09.011","volume":"91","author":"HL Dou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dou HL, Yang XB, Song XN et al (2016) Decision-theoretic rough set: a multicost strategy. Knowl Based Syst 91:71\u201383","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/10798587.1996.10750660","volume":"2","author":"YY Yao","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yao YY, Lin TY (1996) Generalization of rough sets using modal logics. Intell Autom Soft Comput Int J 2(2):103\u2013120","journal-title":"Intell Autom Soft Comput Int J"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"591_CR16","first-page":"245","volume":"64","author":"A Skowron","year":"2000","unstructured":"Skowron A (2000) Tolerance approximation spaces. Fundam Inf 64(2\u20133):245\u2013253","journal-title":"Fundam Inf"},{"issue":"98","key":"591_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00127-1","volume":"117","author":"S Greco","year":"1999","unstructured":"Greco S, Matarazzo B, Slowinski R (1999) Rough approximation of a preference relation by dominance relations. Eur J Oper Res 117(98):63\u201383","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079008935107","volume":"17","author":"D Dubois","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dubois D, Prade H (1990) Rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets. Int J Gen Syst 17(2):191\u2013208","journal-title":"Int J Gen Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(92)90187-9","volume":"51","author":"LI Kuncheva","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kuncheva LI (1992) Fuzzy rough sets: application to feature selection. Fuzzy Sets Syst 51(2):147\u2013153","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(92)90114-J","volume":"45","author":"S Nanda","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nanda S (1992) Fuzzy rough sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 45(2):157\u2013160","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"591_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1461-5_15","volume-title":"Rough sets and data mining: analysis for imprecise data","author":"YY Yao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yao YY (1997) Combination of rough and fuzzy sets based on-level sets. In: Lin TY, Cercone N (eds) Rough sets and data mining: analysis for imprecise data. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp 301\u2013321"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR22","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Y (2015) An adjustable multigranulation fuzzy rough set. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 7(2):1\u20138","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"591_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang C, Li DY, Liang JY (2016) Hesitant fuzzy linguistic rough set over two universes model and its applications. Int J Mach Learn Cybern. doi: 10.1007\/s13042-016-0541-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-016-0541-z"},{"issue":"5","key":"591_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2012.2231417","volume":"21","author":"SY Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao SY, Chen H, Li CP et al (2014) RFRR: robust fuzzy rough reduction. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 21(5):825\u2013841","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"591_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.118","volume":"22","author":"SY Zhao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhao SY, Tsang ECC, Chen DG et al (2009) Building a rule-based classifier\u2014a fuzzy-rough set approach. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 22(5):624\u2013638","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"591_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2014.2327993","volume":"23","author":"SY Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao SY, Chen H, Li CP et al (2015) A novel approach to building a robust fuzzy rough classifier. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23(4):769\u2013786","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"591_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2014.2371479","volume":"23","author":"XZ Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang XZ, Xing HJ, Li Y et al (2015) A study on relationship between generalization abilities and fuzziness of base classifiers in ensemble learning. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23(5):1638\u20131654","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"591_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"XZ Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang XZ, Ashfaq RAR, Fu AM (2015) Fuzziness based sample categorization for classifier performance improvement. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 29(3):1\u201312","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"591_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-141516","volume":"28","author":"XZ Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang XZ (2015) Learning from big data with uncertainty\u2014editorial. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 28(5):2329\u20132330","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"591_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ashfaq RAR, Wang XZ, Huang JZX et al (2016) Fuzziness based semi-supervised learning approach for intrusion detection system. Inf Sci. doi: 10.1016\/j.ins.2016.04.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.04.019"},{"key":"591_CR31","first-page":"222","volume":"364\u2013365","author":"YL He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He YL, Wang XZ, Huang JZX (2016) Fuzzy nonlinear regression analysis using a random weight network. Inf Sci 364\u2013365:222\u2013240","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"591_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.07.018","volume":"42","author":"YL He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He YL, Liu JNK, Hu YX et al (2015) OWA operator based link prediction ensemble for social network. Expert Syst Appl 42(1):21\u201350","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"591_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gong ZT, Zhang XX (2016) The further investigation of variable precision intuitionistic fuzzy rough set model. Int J Mach Learn Cybern. doi: 10.1007\/s13042-016-0528-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-016-0528-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"591_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.09.021","volume":"180","author":"YY Yao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yao YY (2010) Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets. Inf Sci 180(3):341\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"591_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.10.026","volume":"91","author":"H Fujita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fujita H, Li TR, Yao YY (2016) Advances in three-way decisions and granular computing. Knowl Based Syst 91:1\u20133","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"591_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.07.036","volume":"91","author":"D Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu D, Liang DC, Wang CC (2016) A novel three-way decision model based on incomplete information system. Knowl Based Syst 91:32\u201345","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"591_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.01.065","volume":"345","author":"DC Liang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liang DC, Liu D, Kobina A (2016) Three-way group decisions with decision-theoretic rough sets. Inf Sci 345:46\u201364","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"591_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.09.018","volume":"91","author":"XR Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao XR, Hu BQ (2016) Fuzzy probabilistic rough sets and their corresponding three-way decisions. Knowl Based Syst 91:126\u2013142","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"591_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.10.059","volume":"38","author":"YM Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen YM, Zeng ZQ, Zhu QX et al (2016) Three-way decision reduction in neighborhood systems. Appl Soft Comput 38:942\u2013954","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"591_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.07.021","volume":"91","author":"JF Peters","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peters JF, Ramanna S (2016) Proximal three-way decisions: theory and applications in social networks. Knowl Based Syst 91:4\u201315","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"591_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang HR, Min F, Shi B (2016) Regression-based three-way recommendation. Inf Sci. doi: 10.1016\/j.ins.2016.03.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.03.019"},{"key":"591_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.07.040","volume":"91","author":"HX Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li HX, Zhang LB, Huang B et al (2016) Sequential three-way decision and granulation for cost-sensitive face recognition. Knowl Based Syst 91:241\u2013251","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"591_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.09.035","volume":"91","author":"WW Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li WW, Huang ZQ, Li Q (2016) Three-way decisions based software defect prediction. Knowl Based Syst 91:263\u2013274","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"591_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-015-0407-9","volume":"6","author":"HL Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang HL, Guo ZL (2015) Multigranulation decision-theoretic rough sets in incomplete information systems. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 6(6):1005\u20131018","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"591_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li JH, Huang CC, Qi JJ (2016) Three-way cognitive concept learning via multi-granularity. Inf Sci. doi: 10.1016\/j.ins.2016.04.051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.04.051"},{"key":"591_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.12.036","volume":"300","author":"DC Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang DC, Liu D (2015) Deriving three-way decisions from intuitionistic fuzzy decision-theoretic rough sets. Inf Sci 300:28\u201348","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"591_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.05.015","volume":"281","author":"BQ Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu BQ (2014) Three-way decisions space and three-way decisions. Inf Sci 281:21\u201352","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"591_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.09.026","volume":"91","author":"BQ Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu BQ (2016) Three-way decision spaces based on partially ordered sets and three-way decisions based on hesitant fuzzy sets. Knowl Based Syst 91:16\u201331","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"591_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao YY (2016) Interval sets and three-way concept analysis in incomplete contexts. Int J Mach Learn Cybern. doi: 10.1007\/s13042-016-0568-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-016-0568-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"591_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8(3):338\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Control"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-016-0591-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13042-016-0591-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-016-0591-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T23:20:45Z","timestamp":1657236045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13042-016-0591-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-016-0591-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-8071","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-808X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]}}}