{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T15:14:42Z","timestamp":1772032482634,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mach. Learn. & Cyber."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-025-02624-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T16:42:30Z","timestamp":1743871350000},"page":"6295-6345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Augmented Harris hawks optimization and for engineering design problems and UAV path planning"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lindan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Youfa","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2624_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107250","author":"L Abualigah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abualigah L, Yousri D, Abd Elaziz M, Ewees AA, Al-Qaness MAA, Gandomi AH (2021) Aquila optimizer: a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm. Comput Ind Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107250","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"2624_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0792-66","volume":"267","author":"JH Holland","year":"1992","unstructured":"Holland JH (1992) Genetic algorithms. Sci Am 267:66\u201373","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"2624_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328","volume":"11","author":"R Storn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Storn R, Price K (1997) Differential evolution\u2014a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces. J Global Optim 11:341\u2013359","journal-title":"J Global Optim"},{"key":"2624_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.771163","volume":"3","author":"X Yao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yao X, Liu Y, Lin G (1999) Evolutionary programming made faster. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 3:82\u2013102","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"2624_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.56.1171","volume":"56","author":"T Asselmeyer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Asselmeyer T, Ebeling W, Ros\u00e9 H (1997) Evolutionary strategies of optimization. Phys Rev E 56:1171","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"2624_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39607-3","author":"L Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan L, Zhang Y (2023) A face recognition algorithm based on the combine of image feature compensation and improved PSO. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-39607-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2624_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh WT, Horng SJ (2012) Feature selection based on asynchronous discrete particle swarm optimal search algorithm. In: 5th international symposium on parallel architectures, algorithms and programming (PAAP). IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp 262\u2013268","DOI":"10.1109\/PAAP.2012.44"},{"key":"2624_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12183787","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Chen Q, Song C (2023) Anomaly detection model of network dataflow based on an improved grey Wolf algorithm and CNN. Electronics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics12183787","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2624_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2023.035987","volume":"75","author":"NLA Ghani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghani NLA, Aziz IA, Abdul-Kadir SJ (2023) Subspace clustering in high-dimensional data streams: a systematic literature review. CMC Comput Mater Continua 75:4649\u20134668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2023.035987","journal-title":"CMC Comput Mater Continua"},{"key":"2624_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01008-4","volume":"9","author":"M Xiong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiong M, Xiong W, Liu Z (2023) A co-evolutionary algorithm with elite archive strategy for generating diverse high-quality satellite range schedules. Complex Intell Syst 9:5157\u20135172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01008-4","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","volume":"220","author":"S Kirkpatrick","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt CD, Vecchi MP (1983) Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 220:671\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2624_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.03.004","volume":"179","author":"E Rashedi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rashedi E, Nezamabadi-Pour H, Saryazdi S (2009) GSA: a gravitational search algorithm. Inf Sci 179:2232\u20132248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2009.03.004","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"2624_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.12.022","volume":"96","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirjalili S (2016) SCA: a sine cosine algorithm for solving optimization problems. Knowl Based Syst 96:120\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.12.022","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vivek K, Deepak M, Chetna, Mohit J, Asha R, Vijander S (2018) Development of multi-verse optimizer (MVO) for LabVIEW. In: Intelligent communication, control and devices, ICICCD 2017, pp 731\u2013739","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5903-2_75"},{"key":"2624_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2023.02.010","volume":"532","author":"H Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su H, Zhao D, Heidari AA, Liu L, Zhang X, Mafarja M, Chen H (2023) RIME: a physics-based optimization. Neurocomputing 532:183\u2013214","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2624_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2010.12.015","volume":"43","author":"RV Rao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rao RV, Savsani VJ, Vakharia D (2011) Teaching\u2013learning-based optimization: a novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems. Comput Aided Des 43:303\u2013315","journal-title":"Comput Aided Des"},{"key":"2624_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.10.052","volume":"81","author":"M Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar M, Kulkarni AJ, Satapathy SC (2018) Socio evolution & learning optimization algorithm: a socio-inspired optimization methodology. Futur Gener Comput Syst 81:252\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2017.10.052","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-05905-4","author":"Y Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Qin L (2024) Love evolution algorithm: a stimulus-value-role theory-inspired evolutionary algorithm for global optimization. J Supercomput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-024-05905-4","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"2624_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2334-4","volume":"28","author":"S-A Ahmadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmadi S-A (2017) Human behavior-based optimization: a novel metaheuristic approach to solve complex optimization problems. Neural Comput Appl 28:233\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-016-2334-4","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"2624_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Eberhart R (1995) Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of ICNN\u201995\u2014international conference on neural networks, vol 1944, pp 1942\u20131948","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488968"},{"key":"2624_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2006.329691","volume":"1","author":"M Dorigo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dorigo M, Birattari M, St\u00fctzle T (2006) Ant colony optimization. Comput Intell Mag IEEE 1:28\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCI.2006.329691","journal-title":"Comput Intell Mag IEEE"},{"key":"2624_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008","volume":"95","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Lewis A (2016) The whale optimization algorithm. Adv Eng Softw 95:51\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"2624_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/21642583.2019.1708830","volume":"8","author":"J Xue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xue J, Shen B (2020) A novel swarm intelligence optimization approach: sparrow search algorithm. Syst Sci Control Eng 8:22\u201334","journal-title":"Syst Sci Control Eng"},{"key":"2624_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karimzadeh Parizi M (2020) Woodpecker mating algorithm (WMA): a nature-inspired algorithm for solving optimization problems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22075\/ijnaa.2020.4245","DOI":"10.22075\/ijnaa.2020.4245"},{"key":"2624_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22111\/ieco.2020.35116.1296","author":"M Karimzadeh-Parizi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karimzadeh-Parizi M, Keynia F, Khatibi-Bardsiri A (2021) Woodpecker mating algorithm for optimal economic load dispatch in a power system with conventional generators. Int J Ind Electron Control Optim. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22111\/ieco.2020.35116.1296","journal-title":"Int J Ind Electron Control Optim"},{"key":"2624_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219622021500176","volume":"20","author":"MK Parizi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parizi MK, Keynia F, Bardsiri AK (2021) HSCWMA: a new hybrid SCA-WMA algorithm for solving optimization problems. Int J Inform Technol Decis Mak 20:775\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0219622021500176","journal-title":"Int J Inform Technol Decis Mak"},{"key":"2624_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219622022500675","volume":"22","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Li H, Parizi MK (2023) HWMWOA: a hybrid WMA\u2013WOA algorithm with adaptive Cauchy mutation for global optimization and data classification. Int J Inform Technol Decis Mak 22:1195\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0219622022500675","journal-title":"Int J Inform Technol Decis Mak"},{"key":"2624_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","volume":"69","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Mirjalili SM, Lewis A (2014) Grey Wolf optimizer. Adv Eng Softw 69:46\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"2624_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113338","author":"M Khishe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khishe M, Mosavi MR (2020) Chimp optimization algorithm. Expert Syst Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113338","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2624_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.028","volume":"97","author":"AA Heidari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heidari AA, Mirjalili S, Faris H, Aljarah I, Mafarja M, Chen H (2019) Harris hawks optimization: algorithm and applications. Futur Gener Comput Syst 97:849\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.028","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2022.114616","volume":"392","author":"H Zamani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zamani H, Nadimi-Shahraki MH, Gandomi AH (2022) Starling murmuration optimizer: a novel bio-inspired algorithm for global and engineering optimization. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 392:114616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cma.2022.114616","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"2624_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104314","volume":"104","author":"H Zamani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zamani H, Nadimi-Shahraki MH, Gandomi AH (2021) QANA: quantum-based avian navigation optimizer algorithm. Eng Appl Artif Intell 104:104314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104314","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"2624_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113377","author":"A Faramarzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faramarzi A, Heidarinejad M, Mirjalili S, Gandomi AH (2020) Marine predators algorithm: a nature-inspired metaheuristic. Expert Syst Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113377","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2624_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162059","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3133286","volume":"9","author":"M Dehghani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dehghani M, Hubalovsky S, Trojovsky P (2021) Northern goshawk optimization: a new swarm-based algorithm for solving optimization problems. IEEE Access 9:162059\u2013162080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3133286","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2624_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.108320","author":"FA Hashim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hashim FA, Hussien AG (2022) Snake optimizer: a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm. Knowl Based Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.108320","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5887","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22535","volume":"36","author":"B Abdollahzadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdollahzadeh B, Gharehchopogh FS, Mirjalili S (2021) Artificial gorilla troops optimizer: a new nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization problems. Int J Intell Syst 36:5887\u20135958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/int.22535","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.103249","volume":"87","author":"V Hayyolalam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hayyolalam V, Kazem AAP (2020) Black widow optimization algorithm: a novel meta-heuristic approach for solving engineering optimization problems. Eng Appl Artif Intell 87:103249","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"2624_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04959-6","author":"J Xue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xue J, Shen B (2022) Dung beetle optimizer: a new meta-heuristic algorithm for global optimization. J Supercomput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-022-04959-6","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"2624_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.107050","volume":"152","author":"A Mohammadi-Balani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammadi-Balani A, Nayeri MD, Azar A, Taghizadeh-Yazdi M (2021) Golden eagle optimizer: a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm. Comput Ind Eng 152:107050","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"2624_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07854-6","volume":"35","author":"JO Agushaka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agushaka JO, Ezugwu AE, Abualigah L (2023) Gazelle optimization algorithm: a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic optimizer. Neural Comput Appl 35:4099\u20134131","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"2624_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.110248","volume":"262","author":"M Abdel-Basset","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdel-Basset M, Mohamed R, Jameel M, Abouhawwash M (2023) Nutcracker optimizer: a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization and engineering design problems. Knowl Based Syst 262:110248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.110248","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10729-y","volume":"57","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Liu D, Chen J, He L (2024) Secretary bird optimization algorithm: a new metaheuristic for solving global optimization problems. Artif Intell Rev 57:123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-024-10729-y","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"2624_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10716-3","volume":"57","author":"S Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu S, Li K, Huang H, Ma C, Fan Q, Zhu Y (2024) Red-billed blue magpie optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm for 2D\/3D UAV path planning and engineering design problems. Artif Intell Rev 57:134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-024-10716-3","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"2624_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2024.103694","volume":"195","author":"W-C Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang W-C, Tian W-C, Xu D-M, Zang H-F (2024) Arctic puffin optimization: a bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for solving engineering design optimization. Adv Eng Softw 195:103694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2024.103694","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"2624_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math10224383","author":"Y Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang Y, Hu X, Hu G, Dou W (2022) An enhanced northern goshawk optimization algorithm and its application in practical optimization problems. Mathematics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math10224383","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"2624_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585893","volume":"1","author":"DH Wolpert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wolpert DH, Macready WG (1997) No free lunch theorems for optimization. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 1:67\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/4235.585893","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"2624_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1631\/fitee.2000191","volume":"22","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ming Z (2021) Improved dynamic grey wolf optimizer. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 22:877\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1631\/fitee.2000191","journal-title":"Front Inform Technol Electron Eng"},{"key":"2624_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.117629","author":"C Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma C, Huang H, Fan Q, Wei J, Du Y, Gao W (2022) Grey wolf optimizer based on Aquila exploration method. Expert Syst Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.117629","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2624_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3233\/jifs-201075","volume":"40","author":"MK Parizi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parizi MK, Keynia F, Bardsiri AK (2021) OWMA: an improved self-regulatory woodpecker mating algorithm using opposition-based learning and allocation of local memory for solving optimization problems. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 40:919\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jifs-201075","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119246","author":"S Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao S, Wu Y, Tan S, Wu J, Cui Z, Wang Y-G (2023) QQLMPA: a quasi-opposition learning and Q-learning based marine predators algorithm. Expert Syst Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119246","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2624_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119246","volume":"213","author":"S Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao S, Wu Y, Tan S, Wu J, Cui Z, Wang Y-G (2023) QQLMPA: a quasi-opposition learning and Q-learning based marine predators algorithm. Expert Syst Appl 213:119246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119246","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2624_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-09025-8","volume":"27","author":"M Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin M, Wang Z, Zheng W (2023) Hybrid particle swarm-differential evolution algorithm and its engineering applications. Soft Comput 27:16983\u201317010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-023-09025-8","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"2624_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1080\/02533839.2022.2078418","volume":"45","author":"J Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong J, Karimzadeh Parizi M (2022) GWMA: the parallel implementation of woodpecker mating algorithm on the GPU. J Chin Inst Eng 45:556\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02533839.2022.2078418","journal-title":"J Chin Inst Eng"},{"key":"2624_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107212","volume":"164","author":"M Zhong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhong M, Wen J, Ma J, Cui H, Zhang Q, Parizi MK (2023) A hierarchical multi-leadership sine cosine algorithm to dissolving global optimization and data classification: the COVID-19 case study. Comput Biol Med 164:107212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107212","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"2624_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0330","volume":"53","author":"L Lefebvre","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lefebvre L, Whittle P, Lascaris E, Finkelstein A (1997) Feeding innovations and forebrain size in birds. Anim Behav 53:549\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/anbe.1996.0330","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2624_CR56","volume-title":"The cooperative breeding system of the Harris' Hawk in Arizona","author":"JW Dawson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dawson JW (1988) The cooperative breeding system of the Harris\u2019 Hawk in Arizona. The University of Arizona, Arizona"},{"key":"2624_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2023.2253143","author":"BM Jenner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jenner BM, Lewis TR (2023) Environmental conditions and vehicle disturbance influence stress behaviors in a working Harris\u2019s hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus). J Appl Anim Welfare Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10888705.2023.2253143","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Welfare Sci"},{"key":"2624_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.1086\/422199","volume":"164","author":"F Dubois","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dubois F, Giraldeau L-A, Hamilton IM, Grant JW, Lefebvre L (2004) Distraction sneakers decrease the expected level of aggression within groups: a game-theoretic model. Am Nat 164:E32\u2013E45","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2624_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1126\/science.239.4847.1525","volume":"239","author":"JC Bednarz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bednarz JC (1988) Cooperative hunting Harris\u2019 hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus). Science 239:1525\u20131527","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2624_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Awad NH, Ali MZ, Suganthan PN (2017) Ensemble sinusoidal differential covariance matrix adaptation with Euclidean neighborhood for solving CEC2017 benchmark problems. In: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Donostia, Spain, pp. 372-379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CEC.2017.7969336","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2017.7969336"},{"key":"2624_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106469","volume":"123","author":"D Chauhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chauhan D, Yadav A (2023) Optimizing the parameters of hybrid active power filters through a comprehensive and dynamic multi-swarm gravitational search algorithm. Eng Appl Artif Intell 123:106469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106469","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"2624_CR62","volume-title":"Designing evolutionary algorithms for dynamic environments","author":"RW Morrison","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morrison RW (2002) Designing evolutionary algorithms for dynamic environments. George Mason University, New York"},{"key":"2624_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.111109","volume":"150","author":"D Chauhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chauhan D, Yadav A (2024) An archive-based self-adaptive artificial electric field algorithm with orthogonal initialization for real-parameter optimization problems. Appl Soft Comput 150:111109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.111109","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"2624_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2023.119535","volume":"648","author":"D Chauhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chauhan D, Yadav A (2023) A competitive and collaborative-based multilevel hierarchical artificial electric field algorithm for global optimization. Inf Sci 648:119535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2023.119535","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"2624_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2023.102210","volume":"58","author":"G Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu G, Guo Y, Wei G, Abualigah L (2023) Genghis Khan shark optimizer: a novel nature-inspired algorithm for engineering optimization. Adv Eng Inform 58:102210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aei.2023.102210","journal-title":"Adv Eng Inform"},{"key":"2624_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bujok P, Kolenovsky P (2022) Eigen crossover in cooperative model of evolutionary algorithms applied to CEC 2022 single objective numerical optimization. In: 2022 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC). IEEE, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC55065.2022.9870433"},{"key":"2624_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awad NH, Ali MZ, Suganthan PN (2017) Ensemble sinusoidal differential covariance matrix adaptation with Euclidean neighborhood for solving CEC2017 benchmark problems. In: 2017 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC). IEEE, pp 372\u2013379","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2017.7969336"},{"key":"2624_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed AW, Hadi AA, Fattouh AM, Jambi KM (2017) LSHADE with semi-parameter adaptation hybrid with CMA-ES for solving CEC 2017 benchmark problems. In: 2017 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC). IEEE, pp 145\u2013152","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2017.7969307"},{"key":"2624_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas S, Saha D, De S, Cobb AD, Das S, Jalaian BA (2021) Improving differential evolution through Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. In: 2021 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC). IEEE, pp 832\u2013840","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC45853.2021.9504792"},{"key":"2624_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen N, Auger A (2011) CMA-ES: evolution strategies and covariance matrix adaptation. In: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference companion on genetic and evolutionary computation, pp 991\u20131010","DOI":"10.1145\/2001858.2002123"},{"key":"2624_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13380","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13380","volume":"40","author":"D Chauhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chauhan D, Yadav A (2023) An adaptive artificial electric field algorithm for continuous optimization problems. Expert Syst 40:e13380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exsy.13380","journal-title":"Expert Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s12530-023-09518-9","volume":"15","author":"D Chauhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chauhan D, Yadav A, Neri F (2024) A multi-agent optimization algorithm and its application to training multilayer perceptron models. Evol Syst 15:849\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12530-023-09518-9","journal-title":"Evol Syst"},{"key":"2624_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hansen N, Auger A (2011) CMA-ES: evolution strategies and covariance matrix adaptation. pp 991\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2001858.2002123","DOI":"10.1145\/2001858.2002123"},{"key":"2624_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1080\/03610918.2015.1006777","volume":"46","author":"J Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu J, Shan G, Amei A, Zhao J, Young D, Clark S (2017) A modified Friedman test for randomized complete block designs. Commun Stat Simul Comput 46:1508\u20131519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03610918.2015.1006777","journal-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comput"},{"key":"2624_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2020.100693","volume":"56","author":"A Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar A, Wu G, Ali MZ, Mallipeddi R, Suganthan PN, Das S (2020) A test-suite of non-convex constrained optimization problems from the real-world and some baseline results. Swarm Evol Comput 56:100693","journal-title":"Swarm Evol Comput"},{"key":"2624_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11081208","author":"E Belge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belge E, Altan A, Hacioglu R (2022) Metaheuristic optimization-based path planning and tracking of quadcopter for payload hold-release mission. Electronics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics11081208","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2624_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math10010083","author":"S-W Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho S-W, Park J-H, Park H-J, Kim S (2022) Multi-UAV coverage path planning based on hexagonal grid decomposition in maritime search and rescue. Mathematics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math10010083","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"2624_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2020.3003639","volume":"21","author":"Y-H Hsu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsu Y-H, Gau R-H (2022) Reinforcement learning-based collision avoidance and optimal trajectory planning in UAV communication networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 21:306\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmc.2020.3003639","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"key":"2624_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105942","author":"C Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang C, Zhou X, Ran X, Wang J, Chen H, Deng W (2023) Adaptive cylinder vector particle swarm optimization with differential evolution for UAV path planning. Eng Appl Artif Intell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105942","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"2624_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2022.3231244","volume":"59","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Cui Y, Ren J (2023) Dynamic mission planning algorithm for UAV formation in battlefield environment. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 59:3750\u20133765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taes.2022.3231244","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-025-02624-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13042-025-02624-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-025-02624-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T11:00:52Z","timestamp":1757156452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13042-025-02624-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-025-02624-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-8071","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-808X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"His article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants. So informed consent is not applicable here.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}