{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T06:16:30Z","timestamp":1783318590123,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","award":["2025CX117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CX117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mach. Learn. & Cyber."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-026-03118-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T08:46:40Z","timestamp":1777020400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced YOLO with spectral recalibration for accurate and real-time sign language detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianci","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"3118_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3724420","volume":"57","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Tang Z, Guo J, Meng T, Wang C, Wang T, Jia W (2025) Empowering edge intelligence: a comprehensive survey on on-device ai models. ACM Comput Surv 57(9):1\u201339","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"3118_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111420","volume":"162","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Y, Hu Y, Cao G, Wang J (2025) Senet: super-resolution enhancement network for crowd counting. Pattern Recognit 162:111420","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"3118_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasirekha R, Surya V, Nandhini P, Preethy\u00a0Jemima P, Bhanushree T, Hanitha G (2025) Ensemble of fast r-cnn with bi-lstm for object detection. In: 2025 6th international conference on mobile computing and sustainable informatics (ICMCSI). IEEE, pp 1200\u20131206","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMCSI64620.2025.10883212"},{"key":"3118_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang Q, Jie Z, Ma L, Shen L, Lai S (2025) A pyramid fusion mlp for dense prediction. IEEE Trans Image Process","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2025.3526054"},{"key":"3118_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y, Yuan X, Wang J, Wu R, Li X, Hou Q, Cheng M-M (2025) Yolo-ms: rethinking multi-scale representation learning for real-time object detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2025.3538473"},{"key":"3118_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai X, Tao Y, Liu D, Zhou P, Qu X, Dong J, Tang K, Sun L (2024) Frequency-aware gan for imperceptible transfer attack on 3d point clouds. In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM international conference on multimedia, pp 6162\u20136171","DOI":"10.1145\/3664647.3681105"},{"key":"3118_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou Z, Anantrasirichai N (2024) Deturb: atmospheric turbulence mitigation with deformable 3d convolutions and 3d swin transformers. In: Proceedings of the Asian conference on computer vision, pp 904\u2013921","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-0911-6_2"},{"key":"3118_CR8","unstructured":"Brettmann A, Gr\u00e4vinghoff J, R\u00fcschoff M, Westhues M (2025) Breaking the barriers: video vision transformers for word-level sign language recognition. arXiv:2504.07792"},{"issue":"8","key":"3118_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13095","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.517666","volume":"32","author":"L Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao L, Li F, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Li Z, Shi J, Zhang J, Shen C, Chi N (2024) Modulation format recognition in a uvlc system based on an ultra-lightweight model with communication-informed knowledge distillation. Opt Express 32(8):13095\u201313110","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"3118_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park J, Chun SY, Seok M (2024) Ul-vio: ultra-lightweight visual-inertial odometry with noise robust test-time adaptation. In: European conference on computer vision. Springer, pp 415\u2013432","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-73036-8_24"},{"issue":"8","key":"3118_CR11","first-page":"63","volume":"7","author":"B Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang B et al (2024) Optimization of multi-view 3d object detection in urban traffic environments based on the petr algorithm. Acad J Comput Inform Sci 7(8):63\u201373","journal-title":"Acad J Comput Inform Sci"},{"key":"3118_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.107886","volume":"132","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen X, Yang C, Mo J, Sun Y, Karmouni H, Jiang Y, Zheng Z (2024) Cspnext: a new efficient token hybrid backbone. Eng Appl Artif Intell 132:107886","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"3118_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Jin S, Zhao L, Yang C, Zhang D, Wang X, He X, Wang H, Chen Z, Zheng Z (2025) Mask guided frequency feature fusion for visible-infrared remote sensing object detection. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2025.3612495"},{"key":"3118_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104141","volume":"79","author":"M Miao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miao M, Zheng L, Xu B, Yang Z, Hu W (2023) A multiple frequency bands parallel spatial-temporal 3d deep residual learning framework for eeg-based emotion recognition. Biomed Signal Process Control 79:104141","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"3118_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang H, Wang X, Tang W, Song Q, Song Q, Hao W (2024) Event stream denoising method based on spatio-temporal density and time sequence","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4501658\/v1"},{"issue":"4","key":"3118_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1051\/wujns\/2024294338","volume":"29","author":"P Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng P, Bing H, Wenqiang X, Guancheng L (2024) Improved yolov7 algorithm for floating waste detection based on gfpn and long-range attention mechanism. Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci 29(4):338\u2013348","journal-title":"Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci"},{"key":"3118_CR17","first-page":"2693","volume":"15","author":"VH Le","year":"2024","unstructured":"Le VH, Kazushi S, Nguyen TTD, Phan TNQ (2024) Estimation of the pcu for dominant vehicles with the improved object detection model on three-lane urban road in hanoi, vietnam. J East Asia Soc Trans Stud 15:2693\u20132712","journal-title":"J East Asia Soc Trans Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"3118_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/14693062.2023.2200758","volume":"24","author":"G Magacho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Magacho G, Espagne E, Godin A (2024) Impacts of the cbam on eu trade partners: consequences for developing countries. Clim Policy 24(2):243\u2013259","journal-title":"Clim Policy"},{"key":"3118_CR19","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhang R-Y, Li L, Xie X (2021) Simam: A simple, parameter-free attention module for convolutional neural networks. In: International conference on machine learning. PMLR, pp 11863\u201311874"},{"key":"3118_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Q, Wu B, Zhu P, Li P, Zuo W, Hu Q (2020) Eca-net: efficient channel attention for deep convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 11534\u201311542","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01155"},{"issue":"2","key":"3118_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01279-x","volume":"10","author":"T Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li T, Cui Z, Han Y, Li G, Li M, Wei D (2024) Enhanced multi-scale networks for semantic segmentation. Complex Intell Syst 10(2):2557\u20132568","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"},{"key":"3118_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra D, Nalamada T, Arasanipalai AU, Hou Q (2021) Rotate to attend: convolutional triplet attention module. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision, pp 3139\u20133148","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00318"},{"issue":"10","key":"3118_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3657282","volume":"56","author":"H-I Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu H-I, Galindo M, Xie H, Wong L-K, Shuai H-H, Li Y-H, Cheng W-H (2024) Lightweight deep learning for resource-constrained environments: a survey. ACM Comput Surv 56(10):1\u201342","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"3118_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Wu M, Gan W, Huang H, Lau TSC (2025) A lightweight cnn malware classification method for software detection. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 1\u201319","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-025-02662-5"},{"key":"3118_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdullahi SB, Chamnongthai K (2025) Intrinsic property-based soft biometric classification using wavelet cnns and lrp. In: 2024 international conference on photonics solutions (ICPS2024), vol 13518. SPIE, pp 71\u201380","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3058542"},{"key":"3118_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim T, Cho H, Yoon K-J (2024) Cmta: cross-modal temporal alignment for event-guided video deblurring. In: European conference on computer vision. Springer, Berlin, pp 1\u201319","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72943-0_1"},{"key":"3118_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu X, Shen P, Tsao Y, Kawai H (2024) Temporal order preserved optimal transport-based cross-modal knowledge transfer learning for asr. In: 2024 IEEE spoken language technology workshop (SLT). IEEE, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/SLT61566.2024.10832134"},{"key":"3118_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Z, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Gao Z, Zhao R, Zhao C, Tang M, Wang J (2024) Self-supervised representation learning from arbitrary scenarios. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 22967\u201322977","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.02167"},{"key":"3118_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Y, Liu D, Zhang S, Deng Z, Huang Z, Tan M (2024) Hilo: detailed and robust 3d clothed human reconstruction with high-and low-frequency information of parametric models. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 10671\u201310681","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01015"},{"key":"3118_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhaohui Z, Yang Y, Xiaofang C, Weihua G, Chunhua Y, Huiyong Z (2025) Method of predicting the pseudo alumina concentration during aluminum electrolysis based on a mexh-lstm network. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 1\u201315","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-025-02678-x"},{"key":"3118_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong Y, Yu X, Ding Y, Peng X, Zhao J, Han Z (2021) Effective fusion factor in fpn for tiny object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision, pp 1160\u20131168","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00120"},{"key":"3118_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu Q, Xie S, Xu K, Luo H, Zhou X (2024) Cspnet: a lightweight and efficient convolutional neural network for fault diagnosis. In: Proceedings of the 2024 4th international conference on control and intelligent robotics, pp 201\u2013206","DOI":"10.1145\/3687488.3687524"},{"issue":"1","key":"3118_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.2207","volume":"35","author":"U Aiman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aiman U, Ahmad T (2024) Angle based hand gesture recognition using graph convolutional network. Comput Animat Virtual Worlds 35(1):2207","journal-title":"Comput Animat Virtual Worlds"},{"issue":"1","key":"3118_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.2221","volume":"35","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Lu J, Zhou J, Liu W, Zhang K (2024) Multi-temporal scale aggregation refinement graph convolutional network for skeleton-based action recognition. Comput Animat Virtual Worlds 35(1):2221","journal-title":"Comput Animat Virtual Worlds"},{"key":"3118_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J, Lu Z, Cen Y, Hu H, Shao Z, Hong Y, Jiang M, Xu M (2025) Enhancing object detection with Fourier series. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2025.3526990"},{"issue":"4","key":"3118_CR36","first-page":"391","volume":"26","author":"S Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan S, Itoyama K, Nakadai K (2024) Advancing human-computer interaction: end-to-end sign language translation. Trans Hum Interface Soci 26(4):391\u2013398","journal-title":"Trans Hum Interface Soci"},{"key":"3118_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim T, Cho H, Yoon K-J (2024) Frequency-aware event-based video deblurring for real-world motion blur. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 24966\u201324976","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.02358"},{"key":"3118_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C, Yan S, Hao C (2024) Pruning and quantization enhanced densely connected neural network for efficient acoustic echo cancellation. In: National conference on man-machine speech communication. Springer, Berlin, pp 200\u2013211","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-1045-7_17"},{"issue":"4","key":"3118_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2023.06.011","volume":"6","author":"X Senhua","year":"2024","unstructured":"Senhua X, Liqing G, Liang W, Wei F (2024) Multi-scale context-aware network for continuous sign language recognition. Virtual Reality Intell Hardw 6(4):323\u2013337","journal-title":"Virtual Reality Intell Hardw"},{"key":"3118_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keskin C, K\u0131ra\u00e7 F, Kara YE, Akarun L (2012) Hand pose estimation and hand shape classification using multi-layered randomized decision forests. In: Computer vision\u2014ECCV 2012: 12th European conference on computer vision, Florence, Italy, October 7\u201313, 2012, Proceedings, Part VI 12. Springer, pp 852\u2013863","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33783-3_61"},{"key":"3118_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2018.09.006","volume":"76","author":"W Tao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tao W, Leu MC, Yin Z (2018) American sign language alphabet recognition using convolutional neural networks with multiview augmentation and inference fusion. Eng Appl Artif Intell 76:202\u2013213","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"3118_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman MM, Islam MS, Rahman MH, Sassi R, Rivolta MW, Aktaruzzaman M (2019) A new benchmark on american sign language recognition using convolutional neural network. In: 2019 international conference on sustainable technologies for industry 4.0 (STI). IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/STI47673.2019.9067974"},{"key":"3118_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123138","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2938829","volume":"7","author":"W Aly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aly W, Aly S, Almotairi S (2019) User-independent American sign language alphabet recognition based on depth image and pcanet features. IEEE Access 7:123138\u2013123150","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3118_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandra A, Ranjan A, Sahu DP, Prakash S, Yang T, Rathore RS, Vajpayee A (2024) An efficient model for American sign language recognition using deep-neural networks. In: 2024 international conference on decision aid sciences and applications (DASA). IEEE, pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/DASA63652.2024.10836568"},{"issue":"11","key":"3118_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11111780","volume":"11","author":"D Kothadiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kothadiya D, Bhatt C, Sapariya K, Patel K, Gil-Gonz\u00e1lez A-B, Corchado JM (2022) Deepsign: sign language detection and recognition using deep learning. Electronics 11(11):1780","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"03","key":"3118_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340014","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218213023400146","volume":"32","author":"M Ravinder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ravinder M, Malik K, Hassaballah M, Tariq U, Javed K, Ghoneimy M (2023) An approach for gesture recognition based on a lightweight convolutional neural network. Int J Artif Intell Tools 32(03):2340014","journal-title":"Int J Artif Intell Tools"},{"issue":"18","key":"3118_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7970","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187970","volume":"23","author":"B Alsharif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alsharif B, Altaher AS, Altaher A, Ilyas M, Alalwany E (2023) Deep learning technology to recognize American sign language alphabet. Sensors 23(18):7970","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"3118_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-024-02628-4","volume":"5","author":"IGA Poornima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poornima IGA, Priya GS, Yogaraja C, Venkatesh R, Shalini P (2024) Hand and sign recognition of alphabets using yolov5. SN Comput Sci 5(3):311","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3118_CR49","first-page":"1663","volume":"46","author":"W Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia W, Li C (2024) Slr-yolo: an improved yolov8 network for real-time sign language recognition. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 46(1):1663\u20131680","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"3118_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3390\/s26020524","volume":"26","author":"R Yayla","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yayla R, \u00dc\u00e7g\u00fcn H, Abbas M (2026) Pose-based static sign language recognition with deep learning for Turkish, Arabic, and American sign languages. Sensors 26(2):524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s26020524","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03118-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03118-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03118-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T05:54:57Z","timestamp":1783317297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03118-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03118-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-8071","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-808X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No ethical clearance is required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"277"}}