{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T10:52:42Z","timestamp":1781693562092,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2024NSFSC1474, 2024ZHCG0166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC1474, 2024ZHCG0166"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62306247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62306247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mach. Learn. &amp; Cyber."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-026-03172-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T10:02:34Z","timestamp":1781690554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mfldet: multi-scale feature enhancement for object detection in low-illumination UAV images"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haonan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3172_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119960","volume":"224","author":"L Wen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wen L, Cheng Y, Fang Y, Li X (2023) A comprehensive survey of oriented object detection in remote sensing images. Expert Syst Appl 224:119960","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"3172_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2019.2902525","volume":"7","author":"M Shimoni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shimoni M, Haelterman R, Perneel C (2019) Hypersectral imaging for military and security applications: Combining myriad processing and sensing techniques. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Mag 7(2):101\u2013117","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Mag"},{"key":"3172_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"60","author":"Q He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Q, Sun X, Yan Z, Li B, Fu K (2022) Multi-object tracking in satellite videos with graph-based multitask modeling. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 60:1\u201313","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"3172_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin C, Zheng A, Wu Z, Tong C (2025) Deep interactive query design and progressive search for end-to-end detection of tiny object in aerial images. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 1\u201317","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-025-02582-4"},{"key":"3172_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawar N, Waghmare A, Pratap A, Thorat A, Ghogale KN, Karamtoth SNR, Shaikh NF (2022) Miniscule object detection in aerial images using yolor: a review. Proceedings of International Conference on Communication and Computational Technologies: ICCCT 2022. Springer, pp 697\u2013708","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-3951-8_52"},{"issue":"3","key":"3172_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-024-02357-3","volume":"16","author":"Z Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ren Z, Yao K, Sheng S, Wang B, Lang X, Wan D, Fu W (2025) Yolo-sdh: improved yolov5 using scaled decoupled head for object detection. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 16(3):1643\u20131660","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"12","key":"3172_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5781","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-024-02278-1","volume":"15","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Z, He Q, Zhao H, Yang W (2024) Doublem-net: Multi-scale spatial pyramid pooling-fast and multi-path adaptive feature pyramid network for uav detection. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 15(12):5781\u20135805","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"3172_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang L, Yuan B, Du J, Chen B, Xie H, Tian J, Yuan Z (2024) Mffsodnet: Multi-scale feature fusion small object detection network for uav aerial images. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3381272"},{"issue":"3","key":"3172_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-023-01960-0","volume":"15","author":"H Yue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yue H, Guo J, Yin X, Zhang Y, Zheng S (2024) Paianet: position-aware and identification-aware network for low-light salient object detection. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 15(3):1137\u20131151","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"3172_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang C, Huang Z, Wang N (2022) Querydet: Cascaded sparse query for accelerating high-resolution small object detection. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp 13668\u201313677","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01330"},{"key":"3172_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3228497","volume":"32","author":"X Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu X, Hong D, Chanussot J (2022) Uiu-net: U-net in u-net for infrared small object detection. IEEE Trans Image Process 32:364\u2013376","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"3172_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"62","author":"T Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao T, Li Z, Wen Y, Chen T, Niu Q, Liu Z (2023) Attention-free global multiscale fusion network for remote sensing object detection. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 62:1\u201314","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"3172_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin T-Y, Doll\u00e1r P, Girshick R, He K, Hariharan B, Belongie S (2017) Feature pyramid networks for object detection. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp 2117\u20132125","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.106"},{"key":"3172_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu C, Zhang T, Liu Y, Zheng Y (2023) Self-attention guidance and multiscale feature fusion-based uav image object detection. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 20:1\u20135","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett"},{"key":"3172_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"60","author":"P Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu P, Huang H, Qian H, Su S, Sun B, Zuo Z (2022) Srcanet: Stacked residual coordinate attention network for infrared ship detection. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 60:1\u201314","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"issue":"11","key":"3172_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-024-02205-4","volume":"15","author":"J Mi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mi J, Luo J, Zhao H, Huang X (2024) Improved dense residual network with the coordinate and pixel attention mechanisms for helmet detection. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 15(11):5015\u20135031","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"3172_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou J, Zhu Z, Hou J, Liu H, Zeng H, Yuan H (2023) Global structure-aware diffusion process for low-light image enhancement. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-3490"},{"issue":"3","key":"3172_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-023-01960-0","volume":"15","author":"H Yue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yue H, Guo J, Yin X, Zhang Y, Zheng S (2024) Paianet: position-aware and identification-aware network for low-light salient object detection. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 15(3):1137\u20131151","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"1","key":"3172_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-023-02770-9","volume":"40","author":"K Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh K, Parihar AS (2024) Illumination estimation for nature preserving low-light image enhancement. Vis Comput 40(1):121\u2013136","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"key":"3172_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.108548","volume":"126","author":"V Chalavadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chalavadi V, Jeripothula P, Datla R, Ch SB et al (2022) msodanet: A network for multi-scale object detection in aerial images using hierarchical dilated convolutions. Pattern Recogn 126:108548","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"14","key":"3172_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12143201","volume":"12","author":"H Ruan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ruan H, Qian W, Zheng Z, Peng Y (2023) A decoupled semantic-detail learning network for remote sensing object detection in complex backgrounds. Electronics 12(14):3201","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"3172_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai Y, Zhang Y, Ding M, Ghanem B (2018) Sod-mtgan: Small object detection via multi-task generative adversarial network. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV). pp 206\u2013221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_13"},{"key":"3172_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2020.3043109","volume":"14","author":"Y Xi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xi Y, Jia W, Zheng J, Fan X, Xie Y, Ren J, He X (2020) Drl-gan: Dual-stream representation learning gan for low-resolution image classification in uav applications. IEEE J Sel Topics Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens 14:1705\u20131716","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Topics Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens"},{"key":"3172_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"60","author":"Z Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Z, Li W, Xia X-G, Wu X, Cai Z, Tao R (2021) A novel nonlocal-aware pyramid and multiscale multitask refinement detector for object detection in remote sensing images. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 60:1\u201320","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"3172_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.110176","volume":"260","author":"X Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu X, Lyu W, Wang C, Guo Q, Zhou D, Xu W (2023) Progressive refined redistribution pyramid network for defect detection in complex scenarios. Knowl-Based Syst 260:110176","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"3172_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.111840","volume":"160","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T (2025) Video saliency prediction via single feature enhancement and temporal recurrence. Eng Appl Artif Intell 160:111840","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"3172_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.109806","volume":"141","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wang S, Yu P (2025) An efficient perceptual video compression scheme based on deep learning-assisted video saliency and just noticeable distortion. Eng Appl Artif Intell 141:109806","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"3172_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran DQ, Aboah A, Jeon Y, Shoman M, Park M, Park S (2024) Low-light image enhancement framework for improved object detection in fisheye lens datasets. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 7056\u20137065","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW63382.2024.00699"},{"issue":"12","key":"3172_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9396","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3126387","volume":"44","author":"C Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li C, Guo C, Han L, Jiang J, Cheng M-M, Gu J, Loy CC (2021) Low-light image and video enhancement using deep learning: A survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 44(12):9396\u20139416","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"3172_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79734","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-3490","volume":"36","author":"J Hou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hou J, Zhu Z, Hou J, Liu H, Zeng H, Yuan H (2023) Global structure-aware diffusion process for low-light image enhancement. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 36:79734\u201379747","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"3172_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du Z, Shi M, Deng J (2024) Boosting object detection with zero-shot day-night domain adaptation. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp 12666\u201312676","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01204"},{"key":"3172_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang W, Yang W, Liu J (2021) Hla-face: Joint high-low adaptation for low light face detection. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp 16195\u201316204","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01593"},{"key":"3172_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennerley M, Wang J-G, Veeravalli B, Tan RT (2023) 2pcnet: Two-phase consistency training for day-to-night unsupervised domain adaptive object detection. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp 11484\u201311493","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01105"},{"key":"3172_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin Q, Chang K, Huang M, Li G (2022) Denet: Detection-driven enhancement network for object detection under adverse weather conditions. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision. pp 2813\u20132829","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-26313-2_30"},{"key":"3172_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"62","author":"Y Xi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xi Y, Jia W, Miao Q, Feng J, Ren J, Luo H (2024) Detection-driven exposure-correction network for nighttime drone-view object detection. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 62:1\u201314","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"3172_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3350120","volume":"73","author":"Y Hui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hui Y, Wang J, Li B (2024) Wsa-yolo: Weak-supervised and adaptive object detection in the low-light environment for yolov7. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 73:1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"3172_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2024.104079","volume":"99","author":"K Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh K, Parihar AS (2024) Mrn-lod: multi-exposure refinement network for low-light object detection. J Vis Commun Image Represent 99:104079","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"key":"3172_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu W, Ren G, Yu R, Guo S, Zhu J, Zhang L (2022) Image-adaptive yolo for object detection in adverse weather conditions. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol 36. pp 1792\u20131800","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i2.20072"},{"key":"3172_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang T, Xue L, Lian W, Tao R (2025) Orsi salient object detection via progressive interaction and saliency-guided enhancement. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 23:1\u20135","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"3172_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-023-02973-6","volume":"18","author":"K Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh K, Parihar AS (2024) Bff: Bi-stream feature fusion for object detection in hazy environment. SIViP 18(4):3097\u20133107","journal-title":"SIViP"},{"key":"3172_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo C, Li C, Guo J, Loy CC, Hou J, Kwong S, Cong R (2020) Zero-reference deep curve estimation for low-light image enhancement. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1780\u20131789","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00185"},{"key":"3172_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"62","author":"T Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao T, Li Z, Wen Y, Chen T, Niu Q, Liu Z (2023) Attention-free global multiscale fusion network for remote sensing object detection. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 62:1\u201314","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"3172_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106442","volume":"123","author":"D Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan D, Lu R, Shen S, Xu T, Lang X, Ren Z (2023) Mixed local channel attention for object detection. Eng Appl Artif Intell 123:106442","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"3172_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2023.03.013","volume":"198","author":"Z Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai Z, Li G, Liu Z (2023) Global-local-global context-aware network for salient object detection in optical remote sensing images. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 198:184\u2013196","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"key":"3172_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu S, Qi L, Qin H, Shi J, Jia J (2018) Path aggregation network for instance segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 8759\u20138768","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00913"},{"key":"3172_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu W, Lu H, Fu H, Cao Z (2023) Learning to upsample by learning to sample. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. pp 6027\u20136037","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00554"},{"issue":"11","key":"3172_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7380","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3119563","volume":"44","author":"P Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu P, Wen L, Du D, Bian X, Fan H, Hu Q, Ling H (2021) Detection and tracking meet drones challenge. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 44(11):7380\u20137399","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"3172_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3168279","author":"Y Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun Y, Cao B, Zhu P, Hu Q (2022) Drone-based rgb-infrared cross-modality vehicle detection via uncertainty-aware learning. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3168279","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"3172_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2018.10.010","volume":"178","author":"YP Loh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loh YP, Chan CS (2019) Getting to know low-light images with the exclusively dark dataset. Comput Vis Image Underst 178:30\u201342","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"key":"3172_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan X, Cheng G, Yan K, Zeng Q, Han J (2023) Small object detection via coarse-to-fine proposal generation and imitation learning. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. pp 6317\u20136327","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00581"},{"issue":"1","key":"3172_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-024-01681-z","volume":"11","author":"X Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen X, Li H, Li Y, Zhang W (2025) Ldwle: self-supervised driven low-light object detection framework. Complex Intell Syst 11(1):82","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"},{"key":"3172_CR52","unstructured":"Cui Z, Li K, Gu L, Su S, Gao P, Jiang Z, Qiao Y, Harada T (2022) You only need 90k parameters to adapt light: a light weight transformer for image enhancement and exposure correction.arXiv:2205.14871 arXiv preprint"},{"key":"3172_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin X, Yu Z, Fei Z, Lv W, Gao X (2023) Pe-yolo: Pyramid enhancement network for dark object detection. International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. Springer, pp 163\u2013174","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-44195-0_14"},{"key":"3172_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3350120","volume":"73","author":"Y Hui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hui Y, Wang J, Li B (2024) Wsa-yolo: Weak-supervised and adaptive object detection in the low-light environment for yolov7. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 73:1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"3172_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang Y, Chen J, Huang D (2022) Ufpmp-det: Toward accurate and efficient object detection on drone imagery. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 36, pp. 1026\u20131033","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i1.19986"},{"key":"3172_CR56","first-page":"1","volume":"73","author":"L Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang L, Yuan B, Du J, Chen B, Xie H, Tian J, Yuan Z (2024) Mffsodnet: Multiscale feature fusion small object detection network for uav aerial images. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 73:1\u201314","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"issue":"1","key":"3172_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92344-7","volume":"15","author":"S Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou S, Zhou H, Qian L (2025) A multi-scale small object detection algorithm sma-yolo for uav remote sensing images. Sci Rep 15(1):9255","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03172-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03172-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03172-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T10:03:09Z","timestamp":1781690589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03172-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-026-03172-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-8071","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-808X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"345"}}