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ITS Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Afterimages of snow particles in blowing snow may cause lower visibility of the human eye compared to images captured by a digital video camera. However, the impact of the afterimage of snow particles on the visibility of the human eye in blowing snow has not been investigated quantitatively. Here we examined visibility taking the effect of afterimages of snow particles on the human eye into consideration. By considering the duration range of afterimages, and changing the windspeed while the snow density remains constant, our numerical model of visibility for the visual duration range of 0.12 to 0.04\u00a0s could accurately explain the visibility of the human eye previously observed in blowing snow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13177-022-00338-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T07:02:57Z","timestamp":1671519777000},"page":"76-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The visibility of the human eye in blowing snow with the effect of suspended snow particles\u2019 afterimages"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9943-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshimitsu","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Takechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Kokubu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Matsuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"338_CR1","unstructured":"Murphy, R., Swick, R., Hamilton, B.A., Guevara, G.: Best practices for road weather management, Version 3.0, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Transportation Operations Washington DC 20024, Report No. FHWA-HOP-12-046, pp 92 (June 2012)"},{"key":"338_CR2","unstructured":"Harada, Y., Omiya, S., Takechi, H., Nishimura, A.: Investigation of evaluation indexes for severe snowstorm events, Proceedings of XVIth World Winter Service and Road Resilience Congress, Calgary, pp. 1\u201312 (2022)"},{"key":"338_CR3","unstructured":"Matsuzawa, M.: Relation between snow transport rate and visibility using the estimation model on mass flux of snow, Annual Report on Snow and Ice Studies in Hokkaido, No. 39, pp 39\u201342 (written in Japanese), (2020)"},{"key":"338_CR4","unstructured":"Cabinet Office: Government of Japan, Guideline of evacuation information, pp32 (2021)"},{"key":"338_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeuchi, M.: Visual range in airborne snow particles. 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