{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T19:37:18Z","timestamp":1768678638196,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. ITS Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13177-023-00344-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T16:26:41Z","timestamp":1676305601000},"page":"178-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hybrid Acyclic and Spillback-Aware Scheduling Protocol for Intelligent Traffic Lights Control"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5136-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokou Herv\u00e9 Fabrice","family":"Di\u00e9di\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nogbou Georges","family":"Anoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Souleymane","family":"Oumtanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"344_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qadri, S.S.S.M., G\u00f6k\u00e7e, M.A., \u00d6ner, E.: State-of-art review of traffic signal control methods: challenges and opportunities. Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. 12(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12544-020-00439-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12544-020-00439-1"},{"key":"344_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eom, M., Kim, B.-I.: The traffic signal control problem for intersections: a review. Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. 12(1):. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12544-020-00440-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12544-020-00440-8"},{"issue":"10","key":"344_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6951","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-021-02256-y","volume":"51","author":"Z Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao, Z., Ke, L., Zhang, G., Wang, X.: Adaptive collaborative optimization of traffic network signal timing based on immune-fireworks algorithm and hierarchical strategy. Appl. Intell. 51(10), 6951\u20136967 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-021-02256-y","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"344_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11030465","volume":"11","author":"I Tomar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tomar, I., Sreedevi, I., Pandey, N.: State-of-art review of traffic light synchronization for intelligent vehicles: current status, challenges, and emerging trends. Electronics 11(3), 465 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics11030465","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"4","key":"344_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1504\/ijvics.2020.111456","volume":"5","author":"A Agrawal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agrawal, A., Paulus, R.: Intelligent traffic light design and control in smart cities: a survey on techniques and methodologies. Int. J. Veh. Inf. Commun. Syst. 5(4), 436 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/ijvics.2020.111456","journal-title":"Int. J. Veh. Inf. Commun. Syst."},{"key":"344_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gettman, D., Abbas, M., Liu, H., Skabardonis, A.: Operation of traffic signal systems in oversaturated conditions, volume 2\u2014final report transportation research board. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/22289 (2014)","DOI":"10.17226\/22289"},{"key":"344_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohajerpoor, R., Cai, C.: A traffic signal control strategy to avoid spillback on short links. In: 2020 American Control Conference (ACC). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ACC45564.2020.9147494, pp 1167\u20131172. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC45564.2020.9147494"},{"key":"344_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2018.11.004","volume":"119","author":"R Mohajerpoor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohajerpoor, R., Saberi, M., Ramezani, M.: Analytical derivation of the optimal traffic signal timing: minimizing delay variability and spillback probability for undersaturated intersections. Transp. Res. B: Methodol. 119, 45\u201368 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2018.11.004","journal-title":"Transp. Res. B: Methodol."},{"key":"344_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103407","volume":"133","author":"M Noaeen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noaeen, M., Mohajerpoor, R., Far, B.H., Ramezani, M.: Real-time decentralized traffic signal control for congested urban networks considering queue spillbacks. Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. 133, 103407 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103407","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"344_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-021-03802-8","volume":"77","author":"AS Parihar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parihar, A. S., Chakraborty, S. K.: Token-based approach in distributed mutual exclusion algorithms: a review and direction to future research. J. Supercomput. 77(12), 14305\u201314355 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-021-03802-8","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"issue":"2","key":"344_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1049\/itr2.12027","volume":"15","author":"L Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, L., Okoth, V., Jabari, S. E.: Backpressure control with estimated queue lengths for urban network traffic. IET Intell. Transp. Syst. 15(2), 320\u2013330 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/itr2.12027","journal-title":"IET Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"344_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2760820","volume":"67","author":"J Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu, J., Ghosal, D., Zhang, M., Chuah, C. -N.: Delay-based traffic signal control for throughput optimality and fairness at an isolated intersection. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 67(2), 896\u2013909 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2017.2760820","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"344_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2019.08.005","volume":"128","author":"L Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, L., Jabari, S. E.: Position weighted backpressure intersection control for urban networks. Transp. Res. B: Methodol. 128, 435\u2013461 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2019.08.005","journal-title":"Transp. Res. B: Methodol."},{"issue":"7","key":"344_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-017-1482-5","volume":"24","author":"MB Younes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Younes, M. B., Boukerche, A.: An efficient dynamic traffic light scheduling algorithm considering emergency vehicles for intelligent transportation systems. Wirel. Netw 24(7), 2451\u20132463 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11276-017-1482-5","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw"},{"issue":"7","key":"344_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2868728","volume":"20","author":"K Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao, K., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Su, R., Suganthan, P. N.: Meta-heuristics for bi-objective urban traffic light scheduling problems. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 20(7), 2618\u20132629 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2018.2868728","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"344_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2018.2807792","volume":"27","author":"P Grandinetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grandinetti, P., de Wit, C. C., Garin, F.: Distributed optimal traffic lights design for large-scale urban networks. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 27(3), 950\u2013963 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCST.2018.2807792","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol."},{"key":"344_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105486","volume":"81","author":"KL Soon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soon, K.L., Lim, J.M.-Y., Parthiban, R.: Coordinated traffic light control in cooperative green vehicle routing for pheromone-based multi-agent systems. Appl. Soft Comput. 81, 105486 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105486","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"344_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49281","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3059496","volume":"9","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Zhao, Q., Wang, L., Zhang, L.: Urban intersection signal control based on time-space resource scheduling. IEEE Access 9, 49281\u201349291 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3059496","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"344_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1049\/itr2.12049","volume":"15","author":"W-L Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, W. -L., Gong, Y. -J., Chen, W. -N., Zhang, J., Dou, Z.: An agile vehicle-based dynamic user equilibrium scheme for urban traffic signal control. IET Intell. Transp. Syst. 15(5), 619\u2013634 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/itr2.12049","journal-title":"IET Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"344_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.08.037","volume":"91","author":"KMA Yousef","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yousef, K. M. A., Shatnawi, A., Latayfeh, M.: Intelligent traffic light scheduling technique using calendar-based history information. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 91, 124\u2013135 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2018.08.037","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"344_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4919","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.2984033","volume":"22","author":"N Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, N., Rahman, S. S., Dhakad, N.: Fuzzy inference enabled deep reinforcement learning-based traffic light control for intelligent transportation system. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 22(8), 4919\u20134928 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2020.2984033","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"344_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oza, P., Chantem, T.: A real-time server based approach for safe and timely intersection crossings. In: 2019 IEEE 25th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RTCSA.2019.8864584, pp 1\u201312. IEEE (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/RTCSA.2019.8864584"},{"key":"344_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oza, P., Chantem, T., Murray-Tuite, P.: A coordinated spillback-aware traffic optimization and recovery at multiple intersections. In: 2020 IEEE 26th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RTCSA50079.2020.9203582, pp 1\u201310. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/RTCSA50079.2020.9203582"},{"issue":"3","key":"344_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031506","volume":"14","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Fan, X., Yu, S., Shan, A., Fan, S., Xiao, Y., Dang, F.: Intersection signal timing optimization: a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Sustainability 14(3), 1506 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14031506","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"344_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102125","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3096827","volume":"9","author":"S Bai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bai, S., Bai, X.: A general framework for intersection traffic control with backpressure routing. IEEE Access 9, 102125\u2013102136 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3096827","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"344_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Baliyan, A., Tiwari, A., Tripathi, A.K., Jaiswal, B.: Intelligent traffic controller. Int. J. Inf. Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41870-019-00405-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s41870-019-00405-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"344_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1504\/IJGUC.2020.108464","volume":"11","author":"L Jian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jian, L.: Multi-objective optimisation of traffic signal control based on particle swarm optimisation. Int. J. Grid Utility Comput. 11(4), 547 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJGUC.2020.108464","journal-title":"Int. J. Grid Utility Comput."},{"key":"344_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tunc, I., Soylemez, M. T.: State feedback control for intelligent traffic light systems. In: 2020 28th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/med48518.2020.9183224. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/med48518.2020.9183224"},{"issue":"10","key":"344_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(97)00096-8","volume":"25","author":"H Pirkul","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pirkul, H., Jayaraman, V.: A multi-commodity, multi-plant, capacitated facility location problem: formulation and efficient heuristic solution. Comput. Oper. Res. 25(10), 869\u2013878 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0305-0548(97)00096-8","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"344_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2009.10.005","volume":"34","author":"RZ Farahani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farahani, R. Z., SteadieSeifi, M., Asgari, N.: Multiple criteria facility location problems: a survey. Appl. Math. Model. 34(7), 1689\u20131709 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apm.2009.10.005","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"issue":"3","key":"344_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(99)00464-6","volume":"129","author":"S Melkote","year":"2001","unstructured":"Melkote, S., Daskin, M. S.: Capacitated facility location\/network design problems. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 129(3), 481\u2013495 (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0377-2217(99)00464-6","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"344_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1137\/0209042","volume":"9","author":"EL Lawler","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lawler, E. L., Lenstra, J. K., Kan, A. H. G. R.: Generating all maximal independent sets: NP-hardness and polynomial-time algorithms. SIAM J. Comput. 9(3), 558\u2013565 (1980). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/0209042","journal-title":"SIAM J. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"344_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02760024","volume":"3","author":"JW Moon","year":"1965","unstructured":"Moon, J. W., Moser, L.: On cliques in graphs. Isr. J. Math. 3(1), 23\u201328 (1965). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02760024","journal-title":"Isr. J. Math."},{"key":"344_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mishra, N., Pitt, L.: Generating all maximal independent sets of bounded-degree hypergraphs. In: Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory\u2014COLT \u201997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/267460.267500. ACM Press (1997)","DOI":"10.1145\/267460.267500"},{"issue":"4","key":"344_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1597036.1597042","volume":"5","author":"D Eppstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eppstein, D.: All maximal independent sets and dynamic dominance for sparse graphs. ACM Trans. Algorithms 5(4), 1\u201314 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1597036.1597042","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Algorithms"},{"key":"344_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conte, A., Grossi, R., Marino, A., Uno, T., Versari, L.: Listing maximal independent sets with minimal space and bounded delay. In: String Processing and Information Retrieval. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-67428-5_13, pp 144\u2013160. Springer International Publishing (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67428-5_13"},{"issue":"3","key":"344_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(81)90111-3","volume":"12","author":"RJ Fowler","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fowler, R. J., Paterson, M. S., Tanimoto, S. L.: Optimal packing and covering in the plane are NP-complete. Inf. Process. Lett. 12(3), 133\u2013137 (1981). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-0190(81)90111-3","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"344_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6377(82)90039-6","volume":"1","author":"N Megiddo","year":"1982","unstructured":"Megiddo, N., Tamir, A.: On the complexity of locating linear facilities in the plane. Oper. Res. Lett. 1(5), 194\u2013197 (1982). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-6377(82)90039-6","journal-title":"Oper. Res. Lett."},{"key":"344_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopez, P. A., Wiessner, E., Behrisch, M.: Microscopic Traffic Simulation Using SUMO. In: 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/itsc.2018.8569938. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/itsc.2018.8569938"},{"key":"344_CR40","unstructured":"Omnet++: a public-source, component-based, modular and open-architecture discrete event simulation environment. Official homepage: http:\/\/www.omnetpp.org\/ accessed on July 2022"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13177-023-00344-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13177-023-00344-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13177-023-00344-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T07:48:15Z","timestamp":1679644095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13177-023-00344-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13177-023-00344-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1348-8503","1868-8659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1348-8503","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-8659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Conflict of Interest"}}]}}