{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T12:38:29Z","timestamp":1742647109280,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["129925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["129925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006537","name":"Campus France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. ITS Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13177-025-00465-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T10:33:56Z","timestamp":1738578836000},"page":"513-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Public Minibus Taxi Driving"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nomfundo","family":"Cele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8662-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Kibangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2173-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Musakwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"465_CR1","first-page":"1255","volume":"58","author":"N Akpa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akpa, N., Booysen, M., Sinclair, M.: A comparative evaluation of the impact of average speed enforcement (ASE) on passenger and minibus taxi vehicle drivers on the R61 in South Africa. J. South African Inst. Civil Eng. 58(4), 1255 (2016)","journal-title":"J. South African Inst. Civil Eng."},{"key":"465_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alimo, P.K., Agyeman, S., Sumo, P.D., Bouraima, M.B., Lartey-Young, G.: A call for action on alarming road traffic injuries in Africa. Int. J. Injury Control Safety Promotion 29(4), 423\u2013428 (2022)","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2022.2067184"},{"key":"465_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bullard, C., Jones, S., Adanu, E.K., Liu, J.: Crash severity analysis of single-vehicle rollover crashes in Namibia: A mixed logit approach. IATSS Res. 47, 318\u2013324 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iatssr.2023.07.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"465_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2014.2328673","volume":"7","author":"G Castignani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castignani, G., Derrmann, T., Frank, R., Engel, T.: Driver behavior profiling using smartphones: A low-cost platform for driver monitoring. IEEE Intell. Transportation Syst. Mag. 7(1), 91\u2013102 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Transportation Syst. Mag."},{"key":"465_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhary, A.K., Ingole P.K.: Smartphone based approach to monitor driving behavior and sharing of statistic. In: Fourth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, pp. 279\u2013282. Bhopal, India (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNT.2014.61"},{"issue":"3","key":"465_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2019.1581925","volume":"20","author":"J Damsere-Derry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Damsere-Derry, J., Ebel, B., Mock, C., Afukaar, F., Donkor, P., Kalowole, T.: Evaluation of the effectiveness of traffic calming measures on vehicle speeds and pedestrian injury severity in Ghana. Traffic Inj. Prev. 20(3), 336\u2013342 (2019)","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"465_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, D.K.: Exploring the significance of road and traffic factors on traffic crashes in a South African city. Int. J. Transport. Sci. Technol. 12(2), 414\u2013427 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtst.2022.03.007"},{"key":"465_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, L., Zhu, T., Wang, Y., Zou, Y.: Finite mixture of the hidden markov model for driving style analysis. J. Adv. Transport. 8 (2022)","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4989947"},{"key":"465_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eboli, L., Guido, G., Mazzulla, G., Pungillo, G., Pungillo, R.: Investigating car users\u2019 driving behaviour through speed analysis. PROMET \u2013 Traffic Transport. 29(2), 193\u2013202 (2017)","DOI":"10.7307\/ptt.v29i2.2117"},{"key":"465_CR10","unstructured":"eThekwiniMunicipality: Road safety plan. eThekwini Municipality pp. 1\u201316 (2017)"},{"key":"465_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Pickering, S., Chappell, E., Iravani, P., Brace, C.: Driving style analysis by classifying real-world data with support vector clustering. In: Proc. of the 3rd IEEE Int. Conf. on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE), pp. 264\u2013268. Singapore (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITE.2018.8492700"},{"key":"465_CR12","first-page":"9072531","volume":"16","author":"R Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu, R., Liu, T., Guo, Y., Zhang, S., Cheng, W.: A case study in China to determine whether GPS data and derivative indicator can be used to identify risky drivers. J. Adv. Transport. 16, 9072531 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transport."},{"key":"465_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120929","volume":"233","author":"H Gajjar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gajjar, H., Sanyal, S., Shah, M.: A comprehensive study on lane detecting autonomous car using computer vision. Expert Syst. Appl. 233, 120929 (2023)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"4","key":"465_CR14","first-page":"432","volume":"7","author":"C Gutierrez-Osorio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Osorio, C., Pedraza, C.: Modern data sources and techniques for analysis and forecast of road accidents: A review. Traffic Transport. Eng. 7(4), 432\u2013446 (2020)","journal-title":"Traffic Transport. Eng."},{"key":"465_CR15","volume-title":"Modern Factor Analysis","author":"HH Harman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Harman, H.H.: Modern Factor Analysis, 3rd edn. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1976)","edition":"3"},{"key":"465_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgs, B., Abbas, M.: A two-step segmentation algorithm for behavioral clustering of naturalistic driving styles. In: 16th Int. IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), pp. 857\u2013862. The Hague, Netherlands (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2013.6728339"},{"key":"465_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooft van Huysduynen, H., Terken, J., Martens, J., Eggen, J.: Measuring driving styles: A validation of the multidimensional driving style inventory. In: Automotive UI \u201915 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, pp. 257\u2013264 (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2799250.2799266"},{"key":"465_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2018-211006","volume":"73","author":"J Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, J., Majid, F., Daku, M.: Estimating effects of Uber ride-sharing service on road traffic-related deaths in South Africa: A quasi-experimental study. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 73, 1\u20139 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health"},{"key":"465_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447403400115","volume":"34","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kaiser, H.F., Rice, J.: Little Jiffy, Mark IV. Educ. Psychological Measure. 34, 111\u2013117 (1974)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychological Measure."},{"key":"465_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51002","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2909572","volume":"7","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, Y., Zhao, L., Rilett, L.: Driving performances assessment based on speed variation using dedicated route truck GPS data. IEEE Access 7, 51002\u201351013 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"465_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054290","volume":"20","author":"R Luke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luke, R.: Current and future trends in driver behaviour and traffic safety scholarship: An african research agenda. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20(5), 4290 (2023)","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"465_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Tang, K., Chen, S., Khattak A.J., Pan, Y.: On-line aggressive driving identification based on in-vehicle kinematic parameters under naturalistic driving conditions. Transport. Res. Part C: Emerging Technol. 114, 554\u2013571 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2020.02.028"},{"key":"465_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2020.102917","volume":"122","author":"A Mohammadnazar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammadnazar, A., Arvin, R., Khattak, A.: Classifying travelers\u2019 driving style using basic safety messages generated by connected vehicles: Application of unsupervised machine learning. Transport. Res. Part C: Emerging Technol. 122, 102917 (2021)","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part C: Emerging Technol."},{"key":"465_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mtshelwane, D., Nel, J.A., Brink, L.: Impression management within the zulu culture: Exploring tactics in the work context. SA J. Industrial Psychol. 42, 1\u201313 (2016)","DOI":"10.4102\/sajip.v42i1.1325"},{"key":"465_CR25","unstructured":"Mugumbate, J., Chereni, A.: Now the theory of Ubuntu has its space in social work. African J. Social Work 10(1) (2020)"},{"key":"465_CR26","unstructured":"Muthige, M.: Defensive advanced driving, law enforcement and working conditions\u201d a minibus taxi driver\u2019s perspective. The 40th Annual Southern African Transport Conference \u2013 4 to 7 July-2022 (2022)"},{"key":"465_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naumann, R., Sandt, L., Kumfer, W., LaJeunesse, S., Heiny, S., K, L.: Thinking in the context of road safety: Can systems tools help us realize a true \u201csafe systems\u201d approach? Curr. Epidemiol. Rep. 7, 343\u201351 (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-020-00248-z"},{"key":"465_CR28","unstructured":"Organization, W.H.: Global health estimates: Life expectancy and leading causes of death and disability world health organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/theme-details\/GHO\/mortality-and-global-health-estimates (2020). Accessed 12 december 2023"},{"key":"465_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shrestha, S., Wells, Y., While, C., Rahman, M.A.: Psychometric properties of the caring efficacy scale among personal care attendants working in residential aged care settings. Australasian J. Ageing 32, 1\u20138 (2023)","journal-title":"Australasian J. Ageing"},{"key":"465_CR30","unstructured":"Sinclair, M., Imanirans, E.: Aggressive driving behaviour: The case of minibus taxi drivers in Cape Town, South Africa. In: Proc. of the 34th Southern African Transport Conference (2015)"},{"key":"465_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2022.105949","volume":"158","author":"A Sohail","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sohail, A., Cheema, M., Ali, M., Toosi, A., Rakha, H.: Data-driven approaches for road safety: A comprehensive systematic literature review. Safety Sci. 158, 105949 (2023)","journal-title":"Safety Sci."},{"key":"465_CR32","volume-title":"National households travel survey 2020","author":"Statistics South Africa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Statistics South Africa: National households travel survey 2020. Tech. rep, Statistics South Africa (2020)"},{"key":"465_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staton, C., Vissoci, J., Gong, E., Toomey, N., Wafula, R., Abdelgadir, J., Zhou, Y., Liu, C., Pei, F., Zick, B., Ratliff, C., Rotich, C., Jadue, N., de\u00a0Andrade, L., von Isenburg, M., Hocker, M.: Road traffic injury prevention initiatives: a systematic review and metasummary of effectiveness in low and middle income countries. National Library Med. 11(1) (2016)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144971"},{"key":"465_CR34","volume-title":"Applied sampling","author":"S Sudman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sudman, S.: Applied sampling. Academic Press, New York (1976)"},{"key":"465_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sukhaia, A., Jones, A.P.: Understanding geographical variations in road traffic fatalities in South Africa. South African Geographical J. 95(2), 187\u2013204 (2013)","DOI":"10.1080\/03736245.2013.847802"},{"key":"465_CR36","unstructured":"United Nations Organization: Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Tech. rep, United Nations (2015)"},{"key":"465_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Useche, S.A., Cendales, B., Alonso, F., Pastor, J.C., Montoro, L.: Validation of the multidimensional driving style inventory (MDSI) in professional drivers: How does it work in transportation workers? Transport. Res. Part F: Traffic Psychol. Behaviour 67, 155\u2013163 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2019.10.012"},{"key":"465_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Xi, J., Chong, A., Lin, L.: Driving style classification using a semisupervised support vector machine. IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst. 47(5), 650\u2013660 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2017.2736948"},{"key":"465_CR39","unstructured":"WHO: Global status report on road safety 2018. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565684. Accessed 12 december 2023"},{"key":"465_CR40","unstructured":"WHO: WHO kicks off a decade of action for road safety. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/28-10-2021-who-kicks-off-a-decade-of-action-for-road-safety (2021). Accessed 12 december 2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"465_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3141\/2581-18","volume":"2581","author":"C Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, C., Sun, C., Chu, D., Huang, Z., Ma, J., Li, H.: Clustering of several typical behavioral characteristics of commercial vehicle drivers based on GPS data mining: Case study of highways in China. Transport. Res. Record: J. Transport. Res. Board 2581(1), 154\u2013163 (2016)","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Record: J. Transport. Res. Board"},{"key":"465_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s41745-019-00125-9","volume":"99","author":"K Zannat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zannat, K., Choudhury, C.: Emerging big data sources for public transport planning: A systematic review on current state of art and future research directions. J. Indian Inst. Sci. 99, 601\u2013619 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Indian Inst. Sci."},{"key":"465_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Ma, Y., Khattak, A.J., Chen, S., Xing, G., Zhang, J.: Driving style identification and its association with risky driving behaviors among truck drivers based on GPS, load condition, and in-vehicle monitoring data. J. Transport. Safety Sec. pp. 1\u201335 (2023)","DOI":"10.1080\/19439962.2023.2233089"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13177-025-00465-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13177-025-00465-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13177-025-00465-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T05:10:40Z","timestamp":1742015440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13177-025-00465-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13177-025-00465-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1348-8503","1868-8659"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1348-8503"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1868-8659"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The study required ethical clearance and it was granted on the 19th of August 2021 by the University of Johannesburg ethics committee. Ethical clearance number: UJ-FEBE-FEPC-00290. The study adhered to the ethical procedures of informed consent, voluntary participation, harm and risk, honesty, and trust, confidentiality, and anonymity.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that this research is their own work.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}