{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:11:47Z","timestamp":1783764707865,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B16A300010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16A300010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Social Science Foundation of China","award":["13AZD088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13AZD088"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Social Science Foundation of China","award":["17CGL073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17CGL073"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2017BG009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2017BG009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014990","name":"Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning and Management Office","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16DGLJ10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16DGLJ10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-019-00942-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T15:02:50Z","timestamp":1578322970000},"page":"223-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Using catastrophe theory to analyze subway fire accidents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouxin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2240-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaiyuan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"942_CR1","unstructured":"Baidu (2018) 9.15 London underground explosion. 9.15 \u4f26\u6566\u5730\u94c1\u7206\u70b8\u4e8b\u4ef6\/22125758 https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/(in Chinese)"},{"key":"942_CR2","unstructured":"Baidu (2019) 1.10 Arson case of Guangzhou metro in Guangdong province. 1.10\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5e7f\u5dde\u5730\u94c1\u7eb5\u706b\u6848\/2785535 https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/. Accessed 31 May 2019 (in Chinese)"},{"key":"942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2018.05.017","author":"HY Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen HY, Zhang YS, Liu H, Meng XB, Du WZ (2018) Cause analysis and safety evaluation of aluminum powder explosion on the basis of catastrophe theory. J Loss Prev Process Ind. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jlp.2018.05.017","journal-title":"J Loss Prev Process Ind"},{"key":"942_CR4","unstructured":"China Urban Rail Transit Association (2018) General survey of urban rail transit line in China in 2017. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.14052\/j.cnki.china.metros.2018.01.004"},{"key":"942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2005.35.2.407","author":"N Choi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Choi N (2005) Narrative analysis on survivor\u2019s experience of Daegu subway fire disaster\u2013the hypothetical suggestions for disaster nursing practice. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4040\/jkan.2005.35.2.407","journal-title":"Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi"},{"key":"942_CR6","unstructured":"Choi J, Hur N (2013) A detailed CFD simulation on the effect of ventilation system operation on smoke control in the 2003 Daegu subway station fire. In: BHR Group\u201415th International symposium on aerodynamics, ventilation and fire in tunnels 2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"942_CR7","first-page":"514","volume":"14","author":"JM Chung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chung JM, Seol DH, Park JB, Seo KS, Lee JH, Kim HD et al (2003) Analysis of transportation of victims of the subway fire in Daegu. J Emerg Med 14(5):514\u2013521","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-0029.2007.02.029","author":"B Du","year":"2007","unstructured":"Du B (2007) Statistical analysis of the foreign underground fire accidents cases. Fire Sci Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1009-0029.2007.02.029","journal-title":"Fire Sci Technol"},{"key":"942_CR9","first-page":"23","volume":"5","author":"Z Guan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guan Z (2010) Moscow metro big bang. Times China 5:23 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Times China"},{"key":"942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.246","author":"SJ Guastello","year":"1988","unstructured":"Guastello SJ (1988) Catastrophe modeling of the accident process: organizational subunit size. Psychol Bull. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.246","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"942_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(89)90049-3","author":"SJ Guastello","year":"1989","unstructured":"Guastello SJ (1989) Catastrophe modeling of the accident process: evaluation of an accident reduction program using the occupational hazards survey. Accid Anal Prev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0001-4575(89)90049-3","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"942_CR12","volume-title":"Research on emergency evacuation behavior of passengers and capacity in subway station fire","author":"E Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo E (2012) Research on emergency evacuation behavior of passengers and capacity in subway station fire. Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China (in Chinese)"},{"key":"942_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1003-3033.2009.10.013","author":"J He","year":"2009","unstructured":"He J, Zhang D, Zhang X et al (2009) Study on safety of fire accident in urban mass transit system based on FTA-Petri Net. China Saf Sci J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1003-3033.2009.10.013","journal-title":"China Saf Sci J"},{"key":"942_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"WH Hong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hong WH (2004) The progress and controlling situation of Daegu subway fire disaster. Fire Saf Sci 6:1\u201320","journal-title":"Fire Saf Sci"},{"key":"942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13637\/j.issn.1009-6094.2018.01.013","author":"PF Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang PF, Liu JL, Jin Y, Fan YL, Li K, Wang QS (2018) Fault tree analysis method for lithium ion battery failure mode based on the fire triangle model. J Saf Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13637\/j.issn.1009-6094.2018.01.013","journal-title":"J Saf Environ. http:\/\/"},{"key":"942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-012-0100-2","author":"J Jaise","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaise J, Kumar A, Shanmugam NB, Siva N et al (2013) Power system: a reliability assessment using FTA. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13198-012-0100-2","journal-title":"Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"942_CR17","first-page":"181","volume":"20","author":"G Jeon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeon G, Bae S, Hong WH, Lee S (2004) A study in human behavior pattern and application of the designing for escape routes at Daegu Subway Fire. J Am Water Resour Assoc (JAWRA) 20(2):181\u2013186","journal-title":"J Am Water Resour Assoc (JAWRA)"},{"key":"942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-6582.2006.05.015","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Yang Q (2006) Ideas for prevention and treatment of fire disaster in subway based on an accident causation model of energy releasing. Mod Tunn Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1009-6582.2006.05.015","journal-title":"Mod Tunn Technol"},{"key":"942_CR19","unstructured":"Kim D, Ohe HS, Jeon G, Hong WH (2004) An analysis of survivor\u2019s egress route classified by each train during Daegu Subway Fire. In: Fire safety science digital archive\u2014AOFST symposiums 6"},{"key":"942_CR20","unstructured":"Lai YM (2018) Research on the evaluation of emergency handling capacity of metro operation\u2014taking Suzhou metro as an example. Harbin, China (in Chinese)"},{"issue":"03","key":"942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250014","DOI":"10.1142\/S2010132512500149","volume":"20","author":"MYUNGSUNG LEE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee M, Hur N (2012) A detailed CFD simulation of the 2003 Daegu metro station fire. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S2010132512500149","journal-title":"International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration"},{"issue":"1","key":"942_CR22","first-page":"79","volume":"46","author":"EJ Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee EJ, Lim KH, Kim JB, Ryu SY (2007) Posttraumatic stress disorder of survivors in Daegu subway fire accident: a prospective study on predictors. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc (JKNA) 46(1):79\u201386","journal-title":"J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc (JKNA)"},{"key":"942_CR23","unstructured":"Li QR (2006) Disposal of arson incident of Hong Kong MTR on January 5, 2004. Modern Urban Transit. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1672-7533.2006.03.016"},{"key":"942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang C, Yang C, You J, Jiang W (2017) Behavior and psychology of Daegu subway fire accident in Korea. 2017 International Conference on Management Science and Management Innovation (MSMI 2017). June 23-25, 2017 in Suzhou, China. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/msmi-17.2017.56","DOI":"10.2991\/msmi-17.2017.56"},{"key":"942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.416","author":"XA Lignos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lignos XA, Parke GAR, Harding JE, Kounadis AN (2002) A comprehensive catastrophe theory for non-linear buckling of simple systems exhibiting fold and cusp catastrophes. Int J Numer Methods Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nme.416","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"key":"942_CR26","volume-title":"Research on vehicle derailment based on dovetail catastrophe","author":"W Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu W (2014) Research on vehicle derailment based on dovetail catastrophe. Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China (in Chinese)"},{"key":"942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-0029.2017.05.009","author":"L Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu L, Yu S (2017) Research on the evolution mechanism of subway fire based on dissipative structure. Fire Sci Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1009-0029.2017.05.009","journal-title":"Fire Sci Technol"},{"key":"942_CR28","unstructured":"Marlair G, Le Coze JC, Kim WH (2006) The Daegu metro fire: a review of technical and organizational issues 2. In: International symposium on tunnel safety and security (ISTSS 2006), pp 15\u201325"},{"key":"942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09653560410521670","author":"AJ Masys","year":"2004","unstructured":"Masys AJ (2004) Aviation accident aetiology: catastrophe theory perspective. Disaster Prev Manag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/09653560410521670","journal-title":"Disaster Prev Manag"},{"issue":"6","key":"942_CR30","first-page":"712","volume":"43","author":"HJ Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park HJ, Kim JB, Ryu SY, Do JA (2004) Characteristics of personality factors in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: survivors of Daegu subway fire accident. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Association (JKNA) 43(6):712\u2013718","journal-title":"J Korean Neuropsychiatr Association (JKNA)"},{"key":"942_CR31","unstructured":"Qian F (2017) 34 people injured in derailment of New York metro carriage. http:\/\/news.youth.cn\/jsxw\/201706\/t20170629_10188416.htm. Accessed 29 June 2017 (in Chinese)"},{"key":"942_CR32","unstructured":"Richard A, Shi W (2017) Fire safety and related standards for metro tunnels in the United States. Fire Tech Prod Inf. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1002-784X.2017.05.026(in Chinese)"},{"key":"942_CR33","unstructured":"Rong FT (2012) Passengers escape injury after train stops. http:\/\/www.anhuinews.com\/zhuyeguanli\/system\/2012\/11\/20\/005321022.shtml. Accessed 20 Nov 2012 (in Chinese)"},{"key":"942_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.120403","author":"S Rosenblum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenblum S, Bechler O, Shomroni I, Kaner R, Arusi-Parpar T, Raz O et al (2014) Demonstration of fold and cusp catastrophes in an atomic cloud reflected from an optical barrier in the presence of gravity. Phys Rev Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.120403","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"942_CR35","first-page":"473","volume":"6","author":"Russian ministry of emergency situations","year":"2013","unstructured":"Russian ministry of emergency situations (2013) Moscow metro fire caused by short circuit tunnel construction. Tunn Constr 6:473 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Tunn Constr"},{"key":"942_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-7533.2007.01.016","author":"W Song","year":"2007","unstructured":"Song W, Yin W (2007) Discussion on the application of AHP method on prevention of metro fire accident. Mod Urban Transit. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1672-7533.2007.01.016","journal-title":"Mod Urban Transit"},{"key":"942_CR37","first-page":"23","volume":"9","author":"Vip","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vip (2005) Metro fires at home and abroad. Fire Life 9:23 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Fire Life"},{"key":"942_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:1006-8740.2006.03.016","author":"J Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang J, Wu G, Liao Y, Ma X (2006) Flashover in subway fire based on catastrophe theory. J Combust Sci Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3321\/j.issn:1006-8740.2006.03.016","journal-title":"J Combust Sci Technol"},{"key":"942_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.08.026","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Weidmann UA, Wang H (2017) Using catastrophe theory to describe railway system safety and discuss system risk concept. Saf Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.08.026","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"key":"942_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.01.152","author":"W Yan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yan W, Wang J, Jiang J (2016) Subway fire cause analysis model based on system dynamics: a preliminary model framework. Procedia Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.01.152","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"942_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1007-869X.2014.07.007","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Qiu J (2014) Statistical analysis of metro fire cases. Urban Mass Transit. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1007-869X.2014.07.007","journal-title":"Urban Mass Transit"},{"key":"942_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1003-3033.2003.03.002","author":"D Yuan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yuan D, Yan S (2003) Catastrophe of accident. China Saf Sci J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1003-3033.2003.03.002","journal-title":"China Saf Sci J"},{"key":"942_CR43","unstructured":"Zhang ZW (2016) The warning of the Brussels terrorist attacks on the anti-terrorism of China\u2019s Metro. J Railw Police Coll. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1009-3192.2016.06.006(in Chinese)"},{"key":"942_CR44","unstructured":"Zhao X, Cao W (2013) Control and application based on catastrophe theory. Harbin, China (in Chinese)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13198-019-00942-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13198-019-00942-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13198-019-00942-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:51:49Z","timestamp":1609807909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13198-019-00942-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13198-019-00942-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-6809","0976-4348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-6809","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-4348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}