{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:11:39Z","timestamp":1775837499403,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-023-02186-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T02:02:11Z","timestamp":1697853731000},"page":"1037-1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enhancing facial expression recognition through generative adversarial networks-based augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2104-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajneesh","family":"Rani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shefali","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vipan","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2186_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-019-01630-9","volume":"36","author":"A Agrawal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agrawal A, Mittal N (2020) Using cnn for facial expression recognition: a study of the effects of kernel size and number of filters on accuracy. Vis Comput 36:2020","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"key":"2186_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora T, Soni R (2021) A review of techniques to detect the GAN-generated fake images. Generative Adversarial Networks for Image-to-Image Translation, 125\u2013159","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823519-5.00004-X"},{"key":"2186_CR3","unstructured":"Breuer R, Kimmel R (2017) A deep learning perspective on the origin of facial expressions. arxiv. preprint 2017"},{"key":"2186_CR4","first-page":"2012","volume":"6","author":"PM Brunet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brunet PM, Cowie R (2012) Towards a conceptual framework of research on social signal processing. J Multimodal User Interfaces 6:2012","journal-title":"J Multimodal User Interfaces"},{"key":"2186_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai J, Meng Z, Khan AS, O\u2019Reilly J, Li Z, Han S, Tong Y (2021) In Identity-free facial expression recognition using conditional generative adversarial network, ICIP, 2021. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp 1344\u20131348","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP42928.2021.9506593"},{"key":"2186_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030377","volume":"17","author":"P Ekman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ekman P, Friesen WV (1971) Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. J Pers Soc Psychol 17:1971","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2186_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"2017","author":"A Eleyan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eleyan A (2017) Comparative study on facial expression recognition using gabor and dual-tree complex wavelet transforms. Int J Eng Appl Sci 2017:1\u201313","journal-title":"Int J Eng Appl Sci"},{"key":"2186_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060846","volume":"10","author":"F Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao F, Yang Y, Wang J, Sun J, Yang E, Zhou H (2018) A deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (dcgans)-based semi-supervised method for object recognition in synthetic aperture radar (sar) images. Remote Sensing 10:2018","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"2186_CR10","first-page":"2014","volume":"27","author":"I Goodfellow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goodfellow I, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M, Xu B, Warde-Farley D, Ozair S, Courville A, Bengio Y (2014) Generative adversarial nets. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 27:2014","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"2186_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13558-9","volume":"82","author":"S Gupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta S, Kumar P, Tekchandani RK (2023) Facial emotion recognition based real-time learner engagement detection system in online learning context using deep learning models. Multimedia Tools Appl 82(8):11365\u201311394","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl"},{"key":"2186_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasani B, Mahoor MH (2017) Facial expression recognition using enhanced deep 3d convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, pp 30\u201340. 2017","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.282"},{"key":"2186_CR13","first-page":"2019","volume":"43","author":"T Hassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hassan T, Seu\u00df D, Wollenberg J, Weitz K, Kunz M, Lautenbacher S, Schmid U (2019) Automatic detection of pain from facial expressions: a survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 43:2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"2186_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-015-0207-2","volume":"10","author":"MS Hossain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hossain MS, Muhammad G (2016) Audio-visual emotion recognition using multi-directional regression and ridgelet transform. J Multimodal User Interfaces 10(4):2016","journal-title":"J Multimodal User Interfaces"},{"key":"2186_CR15","first-page":"2012","volume":"40","author":"M IqbalQuraishi","year":"2012","unstructured":"IqbalQuraishi M, Choudhury J, De M, Chakraborty P (2012) A framework for the recognition of human emotion using soft computing models. Int J Comput Appl 40:2012","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"2186_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivanko D, Karpov A, Fedotov D, Kipyatkova I, Ryumin D, Ivanko D, Zelezny M (2018) Multimodal speech recognition: increasing accuracy using high-speed video data 12:319\u2013328","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-018-0267-1"},{"key":"2186_CR17","unstructured":"Kaggle (2013) FER2013: facial expression recognition challenge. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/c\/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge\/data"},{"key":"2186_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-018-0275-1","volume":"12","author":"A Karpov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karpov A, Mporas I (2018) Speech communication integrated with other modalities. J Multimodal User Interfaces 12:2018","journal-title":"J Multimodal User Interfaces"},{"key":"2186_CR19","first-page":"576","volume":"2020","author":"R Krishna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krishna R (2020) Real-time facial expression recognition using cnn. Int J Adv Res Ideas Innov Technol 2020:576\u2013580","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Ideas Innov Technol"},{"key":"2186_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"S Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li S, Deng W (2020) Deep facial expression recognition: a survey. IEEE Trans Affect Comput 2020:1\u201320","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Affect Comput"},{"key":"2186_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.06.014","volume":"411","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Jin K, Zhou D, Kubota N, Ju Z (2020) Attention mechanism-based cnn for facial expression recognition. Neurocomputing 411:340\u2013350","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2186_CR22","first-page":"2020","volume":"362","author":"K Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li K, Jin Y, Akram MW, Han R, Chen J (2020) Facial expression recognition with convolutional neural networks via a new face cropping and rotation strategy. Vis Comput 362:2020","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"key":"2186_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2018.7871","volume":"55","author":"H Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma H, Celik T (2019) Fer-net: facial expression recognition using densely connected convolutional network. Electron Lett 55:2019","journal-title":"Electron Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"2186_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-10000-8","volume":"54","author":"S Mahajan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahajan S, Rani R (2021) Text detection and localization in scene images: a broad review. Artif Intell Rev 54(6):2021","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"2186_CR25","first-page":"2022","volume":"21","author":"S Mahajan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahajan S, Rani R (2022) Word level script identification using convolutional neural network enhancement for scenic images. Trans Asian Low-Resour Lang Inf Process 21:2022","journal-title":"Trans Asian Low-Resour Lang Inf Process"},{"key":"2186_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.07.233","volume":"93","author":"V Mayya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mayya V, Pai RM, Pai MM (2016) Automatic facial expression recognition using dcnn. Procedia Comput Sci 93:2016","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"2186_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mozaffari L, Brekke MM, Gajaruban B, Purba D, Zhang J (2023) Facial expression recognition using deep neural network. In: 2023 3rd International Conference on applied artificial intelligence (ICAPAI), pp 1\u20139. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAPAI58366.2023.10193866"},{"key":"2186_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9111892","volume":"9","author":"S Porcu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Porcu S, Floris A, Atzori L (2020) Evaluation of data augmentation techniques for facial expression recognition systems. Electronics 9:2020","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2186_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3390\/math11030776","volume":"11","author":"SB Punuri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Punuri SB, Kuanar SK, Kolhar M, Mishra TK, Alameen A, Mohapatra H, Mishra SR (2023) Efficient net-XGBoost: an implementation for facial emotion recognition using transfer learning. Mathematics 11(3):776","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"2186_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salman FZ, Madani A (2018) Emotion recognition from facial expression based on fiducial points detection and using neural network. Int J Electr Comput Eng 2018:52\u201359","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v8i1.pp52-59"},{"key":"2186_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-018-0270-6","volume":"12","author":"BW Schuller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schuller BW, Zhang Y, Weninger F (2018) Three recent trends in paralinguistics on the way to omniscient machine intelligence. J Multimodal User Interfaces 12:2018","journal-title":"J Multimodal User Interfaces"},{"key":"2186_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh S, Nasoz F (2020) facial expression recognition with convolutional neural networks. 2020(10):324\u20130328","DOI":"10.1109\/CCWC47524.2020.9031283"},{"key":"2186_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soni R, Arora T (2021) A review of the techniques of images using GAN. Generative Adversarial Networks for Image-to-Image Translation, pp 99\u2013123","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823519-5.00006-3"},{"key":"2186_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian C, Ma Y, Cammon J, Fang F, Zhang Y, Meng M (2023) Dual-encoder VAE-GAN with spatiotemporal features for emotional EEG data augmentation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2023.3266810"},{"key":"2186_CR37","unstructured":"Vepuri KS (2021) Improving facial emotion recognition with image processing and deep learning. Master\u2019s Projects"},{"key":"2186_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma V, Rani R (2021) Recognition of facial expressions using a deep neural network. In: 2021 8th International conference on signal processing and integrated networks (SPIN), pp 585\u2013590. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIN52536.2021.9566065"},{"key":"2186_CR39","first-page":"2020","volume":"29","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang K, Peng X, Yang J, Meng D, Qiao Y (2020) Region attention networks for pose and occlusion robust facial expression recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 29:2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"2186_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.106217","volume":"204","author":"L Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang L, Tian Y, Song Y, Yang N, Ma K, Xie L (2020) A novel feature separation model exchange-gan for facial expression recognition. Knowl-Based Syst 204:2020","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"2186_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang D, Alsadoon A (2018) An emotion recognition model based on facial recognition in virtual learning environment. In: International conference on smart computing and communications, pp 4\u201310, 2018. ICSCC","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.12.003"},{"key":"2186_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang H, Ciftci U, Yin L (2018) Facial expression recognition by de-expression residue learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2168\u20132177","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00231"},{"key":"2186_CR43","unstructured":"Yin L, Wei X, Sun Y, Wang J, Rosato MJ (2006) April. In A 3D facial expression database for facial behavior research. In: 7th international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition IEEE, pp 211\u2013216"},{"key":"2186_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng J, Shan S, Chen X (2018a) Facial expression recognition with inconsistently annotated datasets. In: Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision, pp 222\u2013237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_14"},{"key":"2186_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng J, Shan S, Chen X (2018b) Facial expression recognition with inconsistently annotated datasets. In: Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision, pp 222\u2013237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_14"},{"key":"2186_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang F, Zhang T, Mao Q, Xu C (2018) Joint pose and expression modeling for facial expression recognition. In: 2018 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3359\u20133368","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00354"}],"container-title":["International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13198-023-02186-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13198-023-02186-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13198-023-02186-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T07:18:45Z","timestamp":1710746325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13198-023-02186-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13198-023-02186-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-6809","0976-4348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-6809","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-4348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no conflict of interest, affiliations with, or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All authors certify that no research has been conducted on human participants or animals. Dataset has been used for the same.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human participants and\/or animals"}},{"value":"All authors certify that informed consent has been made prior to submission.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}