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This study explores the challenges of ORA within a multi-objective and dynamic context, where risks need to be balanced and integrated across varied operational objectives and decision gates. Furthermore, the study addresses the challenges posed by incomplete knowledge and conflicting assessments, which are prevalent in real-world ORA scenarios. Utilizing evidence reasoning (ER) as a multi-criteria decision analysis framework, the paper presents a novel ER-ORA mathematical model to aggregate individual risk beliefs across various operational objectives and decision gates dynamically. The approach resolves conflicts between individual risk assessments and quantifies overall uncertainties and conflicts of the assessment. The ER-ORA model is validated through a dataset reflecting the aforementioned ORA challenges. The paper conclude on the ER-ORA\u2019s functionality and propose future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-025-02750-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T17:41:32Z","timestamp":1744220492000},"page":"1711-1727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A novel operational risk assessment model based on evidence reasoning for multi-objective and dynamic operational scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Guicang","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jon T.\u00f8mmer\u00e5s","family":"Selvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eirik Bjorheim","family":"Abrahamsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tore","family":"Markeset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2750_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.12.023","volume":"253","author":"T Aven","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aven T (2016) Risk assessment and risk management: review of recent advances on their foundation. 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