{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:20:00Z","timestamp":1783340400939,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-025-03047-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T08:26:17Z","timestamp":1763627177000},"page":"2041-2054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adopting state transition testing techniques in scenario-based test case generation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2669-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonali","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitrabinda","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manaswini","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murchhana","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itishree","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3047_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aghababaeyan Z, Abdellatif M, Briand L, Bagherzadeh M (2023) Black-box testing of deep neural networks through test case diversity. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 49(5):3182\u20133204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSE.2023.3243522","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2023.3243522"},{"issue":"11","key":"3047_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1109\/26.111442","volume":"39","author":"AV Aho","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aho AV, Dahbura AT, Lee D, Uyar MU (1991) An optimization technique for protocol conformance test generation based on UIO sequences and rural Chinese postman tours. IEEE Trans Commun 39(11):1604\u20131615","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"3047_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akpinar P, Aktas MS, Keles AB, Balaman Y, Guler ZO, Kalipsiz O (2020) Web application testing with model based testing method: case study. In: 2020 international conference on electrical, communication, and computer engineering (ICECCE). IEEE, pp 01\u201306","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECCE49384.2020.9179238"},{"key":"3047_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3234186","volume":"11","author":"M Beyazit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beyazit M, Tuglular T, Kaya D\u00d6 (2023) Incremental testing in software product lines\u2014an event based approach. IEEE Access 11:2384\u20132395","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3047_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bicevska Z, Bicevskis J, Karnitis G (2016) Models of event driven systems. In: Databases and information systems: 12th international Baltic conference, DB & IS 2016, Riga, Latvia, July 4\u20136, 2016, Proceedings 12. Springer, pp 83\u201398","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40180-5_6"},{"key":"3047_CR6","volume-title":"Testing object-oriented systems: models, patterns, and tools","author":"RV Binder","year":"2000","unstructured":"Binder RV (2000) Testing object-oriented systems: models, patterns, and tools. Addison-Wesley Professional, Boston"},{"key":"3047_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.07.012","volume":"92","author":"A Bonifacio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonifacio A, Moura A, Simao A (2017) Experimental comparison of approaches for checking completeness of test suites from finite state machines. Inf Softw Technol 92:95\u2013104","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"3047_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Broy M, Jonsson B, Katoen JP, Leucker M, Pretschner A (2005) Model-based testing of reactive systems. In: Advanced lectures: outcome of a research seminar. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/b137241","DOI":"10.1007\/b137241"},{"issue":"3","key":"3047_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1978.231496","volume":"SE-4","author":"TS Chow","year":"1978","unstructured":"Chow TS (1978) Testing software design modeled by finite-state machines. IEEE Trans Softw Eng SE-4(3):178\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSE.1978.231496","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"3047_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daca P, Henzinger TA, Krenn W, Nickovic D (2014) Compositional specifications for ioco testing. In: 2014 IEEE 7th international conference on software testing, verification and validation. IEEE, pp 373\u2013382","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2014.50"},{"key":"3047_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deligiannis P, Donaldson AF, Ketema J, Lal A, Thomson P (2015) Asynchronous programming, analysis and testing with state machines. In: Proceedings of the 36th ACM SIGPLAN conference on programming language design and implementation, pp 154\u2013164","DOI":"10.1145\/2737924.2737996"},{"key":"3047_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frantzen L, Tretmans J, Willemse TA (2004) Test generation based on symbolic specifications. In: International workshop on formal approaches to software testing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1\u201315","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31848-4_1"},{"key":"3047_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graf-Brill A, Hermanns H (2017) Model-based testing for asynchronous systems. In: Critical systems: formal methods and automated verification: joint 22nd international workshop on formal methods for industrial critical systems and 17th international workshop on automated verification of critical systems, FMICS-AVoCS 2017, Turin, Italy, September 18\u201320, 2017, Proceedings 22. Springer, pp 66\u201382","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67113-0_5"},{"key":"3047_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grieskamp W, Gurevich Y, Schulte W, Veanes M (2002) Generating finite state machines from abstract state machines. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on software testing and analysis, pp 112\u2013122","DOI":"10.1145\/566172.566190"},{"key":"3047_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2012.05.038","volume":"451","author":"RM Hierons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hierons RM (2012) The complexity of asynchronous model based testing. Theor Comput Sci 451:70\u201382","journal-title":"Theor Comput Sci"},{"key":"3047_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huo J, Petrenko A (2009) Transition covering tests for systems with queues. Softw Test Verification Reliab 19(1):55\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stvr.396","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.396"},{"key":"3047_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.111391","volume":"192","author":"A Ibias","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ibias A (2022) Using mutual information to test from finite state machines: test suite generation. J Syst Softw 192:111391","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"3047_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaner C, Padmanabhan S (2007) Practice and transfer of learning in the teaching of software testing. In: 20th conference on software engineering education & training (CSEET'07). IEEE, pp 157\u2013166","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEET.2007.38"},{"key":"3047_CR21","unstructured":"Kuhalampi M (2019) Software product lines and component reuse: impact on capabilities and competitiveness of an organization"},{"key":"3047_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Huo J, Petrenko A (2004) On testing partially specified IOTS through lossless queues. In: IFIP international conference on testing of communicating systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 76\u201394","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24704-3_6"},{"key":"3047_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2023.107326","author":"F Lonetti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lonetti F, Bertolino A, Di Giandomenico F (2023) Model-based security testing in IoT systems: a rapid review. Inf Softw Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2023.107326","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"3047_CR23","volume-title":"An introduction to input\/output automata","author":"NA Lynch","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lynch NA, Tuttle MR (1988) An introduction to input\/output automata. Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge"},{"key":"3047_CR24","unstructured":"Manjramkar D, Gharpure A, Gore A, Gujarathi I, Deore D (2022) A review paper on document text search based on nondeterministic automata"},{"key":"3047_CR25","unstructured":"Mann E (2023) Finite state machines in network software"},{"key":"3047_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsso L, Mateescu R, Serwe W (2020) Automated transition coverage in behavioural conformance testing. In: Testing software and systems: 32nd IFIP WG 6.1 International conference, ICTSS 2020, Naples, Italy, December 9\u201311, 2020, Proceedings 32. Springer, pp 219\u2013235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64881-7_14"},{"key":"3047_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-021-00924-8","author":"ML Mohd-Shafie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohd-Shafie ML, Kadir WMNW, Lichter H, Khatibsyarbini M, Isa MA (2021) Model-based test case generation and prioritization: a systematic literature review. Softw Syst Model. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10270-021-00924-8","journal-title":"Softw Syst Model"},{"key":"3047_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nidhra S, Dondeti J (2012) Black box and white box testing techniques-a literature review. Int J Embed Syst Appl (IJESA) 2(2):29\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5121\/ijesa.2012.2204","DOI":"10.5121\/ijesa.2012.2204"},{"key":"3047_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyakundi NB, Reynolds SM, Reza H (2023) Scenario-based approach to systematically derive test cases for systems. In: 2023 IEEE international conference on electro information technology (eIT). IEEE, pp 051\u2013058","DOI":"10.1109\/eIT57321.2023.10187246"},{"key":"3047_CR32","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Intelligent and cloud computing","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pradhan S, Ray M (2019) Asynchronous testing in web applications. Intelligent and cloud computing. Springer, Singapore, pp 355\u2013361"},{"issue":"3","key":"3047_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4018\/IJACI.2019070103","volume":"10","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pradhan S, Ray M, Patnaik S (2019a) Clustering of web application and testing of asynchronous communication. Int J Ambient Comput Intell (IJACI) 10(3):33\u201359","journal-title":"Int J Ambient Comput Intell (IJACI)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3047_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pradhan S, Ray M, Patnaik S (2019b) Coverage criteria for state-based testing: a systematic review. Int J Inf Technol Project Manag (IJITPM) 10(1):1\u201320","journal-title":"Int J Inf Technol Project Manag (IJITPM)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3047_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2019.05.005","volume":"34","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pradhan S, Ray M, Swain SK (2022a) Transition coverage based test case generation from state chart diagram. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci 34(3):993\u20131002","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"3047_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-07297-0_3","volume-title":"Optimization of automated software testing using meta-heuristic techniques","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pradhan S, Ray M, Bisoyi S, Mishra DB (2022b) State traversal: listen to transitions for coverage analysis of test cases to drive the test. Optimization of automated software testing using meta-heuristic techniques. Springer, Cham, pp 31\u201344"},{"key":"3047_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rath D, Parida S, Mishra DB, Pradhan S (2022) Evolutionary algorithms for path coverage test data generation and optimization: a review. In: Optimization of automated software testing using meta-heuristic techniques, pp 91\u2013103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-07297-0_7"},{"key":"3047_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11334-012-0186-3","volume":"8","author":"M Ray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ray M, Mohapatra DP (2012) Code-based prioritization: a pre-testing effort to minimize post-release failures. Innov Syst Softw Eng 8:279\u2013292","journal-title":"Innov Syst Softw Eng"},{"key":"3047_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rechtberger V, Bures M, Ahmed BS (2022) Overview of test coverage criteria for test case generation from finite state machines modelled as directed graphs. In: 2022 IEEE international conference on software testing, verification and validation workshops (ICSTW). IEEE, pp 207\u2013214","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSTW55395.2022.00044"},{"issue":"3","key":"3047_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-020-09531-0","volume":"29","author":"M Rocha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rocha M, Sim\u00e3o A, Sousa T (2021) Model-based test case generation from UML sequence diagrams using extended finite state machines. Softw Qual J 29(3):597\u2013627","journal-title":"Softw Qual J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3047_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"A Sabbaghi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabbaghi A (2022) A classification framework of test models in model-based testing. Future Gener Commun Internet Things 2(2):1","journal-title":"Future Gener Commun Internet Things"},{"issue":"3","key":"3047_CR43","first-page":"633","volume":"18","author":"S Saleem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saleem S, Malik SU, Mehboob B, Alroobaea R, Algarni S, Baqasah AM, Hasnain M (2024) A UML-based approach towards test case generation and optimization. KSII Trans Internet Inf Syst 18(3):633","journal-title":"KSII Trans Internet Inf Syst"},{"key":"3047_CR45","unstructured":"Shahbazi N, Keyvanpour MR (2024) Automated model-based test case generation for UML activity diagrams using EFSM. In: Institute for informatics and automation problems"},{"issue":"11","key":"3047_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2011.06.006","volume":"53","author":"A Simao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simao A, Petrenko A (2011) Generating asynchronous test cases from test purposes. Inf Softw Technol 53(11):1252\u20131262","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"3047_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55474","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3282176","volume":"11","author":"F Sommer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sommer F, Kriesten R, Kargl F (2023) Survey of model-based security testing approaches in the automotive domain. IEEE Access 11:55474\u201355514","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3047_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tretmans J, Verhaard L (1992) A queue model relating synchronous and asynchronous communication. In: Protocol specification, testing and verification, vol XII. Elsevier, pp 131\u2013145","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-89874-6.50015-5"},{"key":"3047_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tretmans J (2008) Model based testing with labelled transition systems. In: Formal methods and testing: an outcome of the FORTEST network, revised selected papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1\u201338","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78917-8_1"},{"key":"3047_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.adcom.2015.11.004","volume":"101","author":"M Utting","year":"2016","unstructured":"Utting M, Legeard B, Bouquet F, Fourneret E, Peureux F, Vernotte A (2016) Recent advances in model-based testing. Adv Comput 101:53\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.adcom.2015.11.004","journal-title":"Adv Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"3047_CR51","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"K Vayadande","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vayadande K, Patel K, Punde N, Patil S, Nikam S, Pathrabe S (2022) Non-deterministic finite automata to deterministic finite automata conversion by subset construction method using Python. Int J Comput Sci Eng 10(1):1\u20135","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"3047_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan M, Zhang X, Chen Z, Vogel DR, Chu X (2009) Antecedents of coordination effectiveness of software developer dyads from interacting teams: An empirical investigation. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 56(3):494\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TEM.2008.927819","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2008.927819"},{"key":"3047_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zafar MN, Afzal W, Enoiu EP, Stratis A, Sellin O (2021) A model-based test script generation framework for embedded software. In: 2021 IEEE international conference on software testing, verification and validation workshops (ICSTW). IEEE, pp 192\u2013198","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSTW52544.2021.00041"},{"issue":"10","key":"3047_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6396","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3145449","volume":"52","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Xia C, Fu J, Chen Z (2022) Initial-state observability of mealy-based finite-state machine with nondeterministic output functions. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst 52(10):6396\u20136405","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst"}],"container-title":["International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13198-025-03047-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13198-025-03047-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13198-025-03047-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:42:23Z","timestamp":1783338143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13198-025-03047-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13198-025-03047-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0975-6809","0976-4348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0975-6809","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-4348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}