{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:05:55Z","timestamp":1755839155473,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["731345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Oxford IT Innovation Seed Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004354","name":"Goldman Sachs Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K\u00fcnstl Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have developed thirty sample artificial intelligence (AI) programs in a form suitable for enhancement by non-expert programmers. The projects are implemented in the Snap! blocks language and can be run in modern web browsers. These projects have been designed to be modifiable by school students and have been iteratively developed with over 100 students. The projects involve speech synthesis, speech and image recognition, natural language processing, and deep machine learning. They illustrate a variety of AI capabilities, concepts, and techniques. The intent is to provide students with hands-on experience with AI programming so they come to understand the possibilities, problems, strengths, and weaknesses of AI today.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-021-00732-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T12:02:40Z","timestamp":1624536160000},"page":"201-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Learning by Enhancing Half-Baked AI Projects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8208-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Kahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Winters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Google: Posenet (2021) https:\/\/github.com\/tensorflow\/tfjs-models\/tree\/master\/posenet. Last accessed 5 March, 2021","key":"732_CR1"},{"unstructured":"Google: Teachable Machine (2021) https:\/\/teachablemachine.withgoogle.com\/. Last accessed 5 March, 2021","key":"732_CR2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harvey B, Garcia DD, Barnes T, Titterton N, Armendariz D, Segars L, Lemon E, Morris S, Paley, J (2013) Snap! (build your own blocks). In: Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on computer science education, pp. 759","key":"732_CR3","DOI":"10.1145\/2445196.2445507"},{"unstructured":"Kahn K (2021) eCraft2Learn AI home page (2021). https:\/\/ecraft2learn.github.io\/ai\/. Last accessed 5 March","key":"732_CR4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahn K, Montero CS, Voigt C (2018) Steam learning in formal and informal settings via craft and maker projects. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on interaction Design and Children, pp. 728\u2013733","key":"732_CR5","DOI":"10.1145\/3202185.3205869"},{"unstructured":"Kahn K, Winters N (2018) AI programming by children. In: Proceedings of constructionism 2018 conference. Constructionism 2018","key":"732_CR6"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR7","first-page":"335","volume":"6","author":"C Kynigos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kynigos C (2007) Half-baked logo microworlds as boundary objects in integrated design. Inform Educ-An Int J 6(2):335\u2013359","journal-title":"Inform Educ-An Int J"},{"unstructured":"Lane D (2021) Machine learning for Kids (2021). https:\/\/machinelearningforkids.co.uk\/. Last accessed 5 March","key":"732_CR8"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1868358.1868363","volume":"10","author":"J Maloney","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maloney J, Resnick M, Rusk N, Silverman B, Eastmond E (2010) The Scratch programming language and environment. ACM Transac Comput Educ (TOCE) 10(4):1\u201315","journal-title":"ACM Transac Comput Educ (TOCE)"},{"unstructured":"Mozilla: Web Speech API (2021) https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/API\/Web_Speech_API\/Using_the_Web_Speech_API. Last accessed 5 March, 2021","key":"732_CR10"},{"unstructured":"University of Oxford: Go Girl (2021) https:\/\/gogirloxford.org\/about-the-project\/. Last accessed 5 March, 2021","key":"732_CR11"},{"unstructured":"Wikipedia: Kinect (2021) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kinect. Last accessed 5 March, 2021","key":"732_CR12"}],"container-title":["KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13218-021-00732-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13218-021-00732-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13218-021-00732-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:58:19Z","timestamp":1630717099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13218-021-00732-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13218-021-00732-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0933-1875"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1610-1987"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no confluct of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"https:\/\/github.com\/ecraft2learn\/ai","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}