{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:02:57Z","timestamp":1777377777155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc. Netw. Anal. Min."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-017-0456-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T16:20:06Z","timestamp":1501863606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Improving detection of untrustworthy online reviews using ensemble learners combined with feature selection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9946-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Heredia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taghi M.","family":"Khoshgoftaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Prusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"456_CR1","volume-title":"Intermediate statistical methods and applications: a computer package approach","author":"ML Berenson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Berenson ML, Goldstein M (1983) Intermediate statistical methods and applications: a computer package approach, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River","edition":"2"},{"key":"456_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00058655","volume":"24","author":"L Breiman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Breiman L (1996) Bagging predictors. Mach Learn 24:123\u2013140. doi:\n                    10.1007\/BF00058655","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"456_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breitling R, Herzyk P (2005) Rank-based methods as a non-parametric alternative of the t-statistic for the analysis of biological microarray data. J Bioinform Comput Biol 3(5):1171\u20131189. \n                    http:\/\/view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16278953","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219720005001442"},{"key":"456_CR4","unstructured":"Broder A (1997) On the resemblance and containment of documents. In: Proceedings of compression and complexity of sequences 1997, pp 21\u201329"},{"key":"456_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buhrmester K, Goslining (2011) Amazon\u2019s mechanical turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality data? Perspect Psychol Sci 6(1):3\u20135. \n                    http:\/\/pps.sagepub.com\/content\/6\/1\/3","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610393980"},{"key":"456_CR6","unstructured":"Chen X, Wasikowski M (2008) Fast: a ROC-based feature selection metric for small samples and imbalanced data classification problems. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD \u201908). ACM, New York, Aug 2008, pp 124\u2013132"},{"key":"456_CR7","unstructured":"Crawford M, Khoshgoftaar TM, Prusa JD (2016) Reducing feature set explosion to facilitate real-world review spam detection. In: Proceedings of the 29th international FLAIRS conference, pp 304\u2013309"},{"key":"456_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crawford M, Khoshgoftaar TM, Prusa JD, Richter AN, Al Najada H (2015) Survey of review spam detection using machine learning techniques. J Big Data 2(1):1\u201324. \n                    http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40537-015-0029-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-015-0029-9"},{"key":"456_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dietterich TG (2000) Ensemble methods in machine learning. In: International workshop on Multiple classifier systems,\u00a0pp 1\u201315","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45014-9_1"},{"key":"456_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dittman DJ, Khoshgoftaar TM, Wald R, Van\u00a0Hulse J (2010) Comparative analysis of dna microarray data through the use of feature selection techniques. In: Proceedings of the ninth IEEE international conference on machine learning and applications (ICMLA), vol 1857. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 147\u2013152","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2010.29"},{"key":"456_CR11","unstructured":"Dixit S, Agrawal A (2013) Survey on review spam detection. Int J Comput Commun Technol 4(2):68\u201372. \n                    http:\/\/interscience.in\/IJCCT_Vol4Iss2\/68-72.pdf"},{"key":"456_CR12","first-page":"1289","volume":"3","author":"G Forman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Forman G (2003) An extensive empirical study of feature selection metrics for text classification. J Mach Learn Res 3:1289\u20131305","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"456_CR13","unstructured":"Freund Y, Schapire RE (1996) Experiments with a new boosting algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on machine learning, pp 148\u2013156"},{"issue":"1","key":"456_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/1656274.1656278","volume":"11","author":"M Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall M, Frank E, Holmes G, Pfahringer B, Reutemann P, Witten IH (2009) The weka data mining software: an update. SIGKDD Explor Newsl 11(1):10\u201318","journal-title":"SIGKDD Explor Newsl"},{"key":"456_CR16","volume-title":"Neural networks: a comprehensive foundation","author":"S Haykin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Haykin S (1998) Neural networks: a comprehensive foundation, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River","edition":"2"},{"key":"456_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heredia B, Khoshgoftaar TM, Prusa JD, Crawford M (2016) An investigation of ensemble techniques for detection of spam reviews. In: 2016 15th international conference on machine learning and applications (ICMLA), pp 127\u2013133","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2016.0029"},{"key":"456_CR18","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"DW Hosmer Jr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S (2004) Applied logistic regression. Wiley, Hoboken"},{"key":"456_CR19","unstructured":"Hsu CW, Chang CC, Lin CJ (2003) A practical guide to support vector classification,\u00a0Technical report, Department of Computer Science, National Taiwan University"},{"key":"456_CR14","unstructured":"I.C. Government of Canada (2014) Don\u2019t buy into fake online endorsements\u2014not all reviews are from legitimate consumers. \n                    http:\/\/www.competitionbureau.gc.ca\/eic\/site\/cb-bc.nsf\/eng\/03782.html"},{"key":"456_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jindal N, Lui B (2008) Opinion spam and analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on web search and data mining. \n                    https:\/\/www.cs.uic.edu\/~liub\/FBS\/opinion-spam-WSDM-08.pdf","DOI":"10.1145\/1341531.1341560"},{"key":"456_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoshgoftaar TM, Dittman DJ, Wald R, Fazelpour A (2012) First order statistics based feature selection: a diverse and powerful family of feature selection techniques. In: Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on machine learning and applications (ICMLA). ICMLA, pp 151\u2013157","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2012.192"},{"key":"456_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Myle O, Cardie C, Hovy E (2014) Towards a general rule for identifying deceptive opinion spam. In: Proceedings of the 52nd annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp 1556\u20131576. \n                    http:\/\/anthology.aclweb.org\/P\/P14\/P14-1147.pdf","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1147"},{"key":"456_CR23","unstructured":"McCallum A, Nigam K (1998) A comparison of event models for Naive Bayes text classification. In: AAAI-98 workshop on learning for text categorization"},{"key":"456_CR24","unstructured":"Mukherjee A, Venkataraman V, Liu B, Glance N (2013) What yelp fake review filter might be doing? In: Seventh international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media. \n                    http:\/\/www.aaai.org\/ocs\/index.php\/ICWSM\/ICWSM13\/paper\/view\/6006"},{"key":"456_CR25","unstructured":"Ott M, Choi Y, Cardie C, Hancock J (2011) Finding deceptive opinion spam by any stretch of the imagination. In: Proceedings of the 49th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies, vol 1, pp 309\u2013319"},{"issue":"8","key":"456_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.159","volume":"27","author":"H Peng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peng H, Long L, Ding C (2005) Feature selection based on mutual information: criteria of max-dependency, max-relevance, and min-redundancy. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(8):1226\u20131238","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"456_CR27","unstructured":"Prusa JD, Khoshgoftaar TM, Dittman DJ (2015) Impact of feature selection techniques for tweet sentiment classification. In: Proceedings of the 28th international FLAIRS conference, pp 299\u2013304"},{"key":"456_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prusa JD, Khoshgoftaar TM, Napolitano A (2015) Using feature selection in combination with ensemble learning techniques to improve tweet sentiment classification performance. In: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on tools with artificial intelligence, pp 186\u2013193","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2015.39"},{"key":"456_CR29","volume-title":"C4.5: programs for machine learning","author":"RJ Quinlan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Quinlan RJ (2014) C4.5: programs for machine learning. Elsevier, Amsterdam"},{"key":"456_CR30","unstructured":"Rish I (2001) An empirical study of the Naive Bayes classifier. In: IJCAI 2001 workshop on empirical methods in artificial intelligence"},{"key":"456_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shojaee S, Murad M, Sharef N, Nadali S (2013) Detecting deceptive reviews using lexical and syntactic features. In: 2013 13th international conference on intelligent systems design and applications (ISDA)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDA.2013.6920707"},{"key":"456_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tusher VG, Tibshirani R, Chu G (2001) Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98(9):5116\u20135121. \n                    http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/98\/9\/5116.abstract","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091062498"},{"key":"456_CR33","volume-title":"Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques","author":"IH Witten","year":"2005","unstructured":"Witten IH, Frank E (2005) Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Social Network Analysis and Mining"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13278-017-0456-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13278-017-0456-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13278-017-0456-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T08:28:55Z","timestamp":1589444935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13278-017-0456-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13278-017-0456-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-5450","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-5469","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2017","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2017","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2017","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"37"}}