{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T14:26:55Z","timestamp":1772029615264,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc. Netw. Anal. Min."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-018-0525-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T07:52:39Z","timestamp":1531813959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Social media for polling and predicting United States election outcome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9946-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Heredia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Prusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taghi M.","family":"Khoshgoftaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"525_CR1","unstructured":"Abadi M, Agarwal A, Barham P, Brevdo E, Chen Z, Citro C, Corrado G.\u00a0S, Davis A, Dean J, Devin M, Ghemawat S, Goodfellow I, Harp A, Irving G, Isard M, Jia Y, Jozefowicz R, Kaiser L, Kudlur M, Levenberg J, Man\u00e9 D, Monga R, Moore S, Murray D, Olah C, Schuster M, Shlens J, Steiner B, Sutskever I, Talwar K, Tucker P, Vanhoucke V, Vasudevan V, Vi\u00e9gas F, Vinyals O, Warden P, Wattenberg M, Wicke M, Yu Y, Zheng X (2015) TensorFlow: large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems, 2015, software available from tensorflow.org. http:\/\/tensorflow.org\/ . Accessed 1 Jan 2017"},{"key":"525_CR2","unstructured":"Anuta D, Churchin J, Luo J (2017) Election bias: comparing polls and Twitter in the 2016 US election. arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.06232"},{"key":"525_CR3","unstructured":"Banzhaf\u00a0iII JF (1968) One man, 3.312 votes: a mathematical analysis of the electoral college. Villanova Law Rev 13:304. https:\/\/digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/&httpsredir=1&article=1780&context=vlr"},{"key":"525_CR4","unstructured":"Bermingham A, Smeaton AF (2011) On using Twitter to monitor political sentiment and predict election results. In : Sentiment analysis where AI meets psychology (SAAIP) workshop at the international joint conference for natural language processing (IJCNLP). http:\/\/doras.dcu.ie\/16670\/"},{"key":"525_CR5","first-page":"450","volume":"11","author":"J Bollen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bollen J, Mao H, Pepe A (2011) Modeling public mood and emotion: Twitter sentiment and socio-economic phenomena. ICWSM 11:450\u2013453","journal-title":"ICWSM"},{"key":"525_CR6","unstructured":"Boutet A, Kim H, Yoneki E (2012) What\u2019s in your tweets? I know who you supported in the UK 2010 general election. In: The international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media (ICWSM), 2012. https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-00702390\/"},{"key":"525_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickerson JP, Kagan V, Subrahmanian VS (2014) Using sentiment to detect bots on twitter: Are humans more opinionated than bots? In: 2014 IEEE\/ACM international conference on advances in social networks analysis and mining (ASONAM 2014), pp 620\u2013627","DOI":"10.1109\/ASONAM.2014.6921650"},{"key":"525_CR9","unstructured":"Go A, Bhayani R, Huang L (2009) Twitter sentiment classification using distant supervision. CS224N Project Report, Stanford, pp 1\u201312"},{"key":"525_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2017.0044","volume":"5","author":"C Grimme","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grimme C, Preuss M, Adam L (2017) Trautmann H (2017) Social bots: human-like by means of human control? Big Data 5:279\u2013293","journal-title":"Big Data"},{"key":"525_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heredia B, Khoshgoftaar TM, Prusa JD, Crawford M (2016) Cross-domain sentiment analysis: an empirical investigation. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on information reuse and integration (IRI), pp 160\u2013165","DOI":"10.1109\/IRI.2016.28"},{"key":"525_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heredia B, Khoshgoftaar TM, Prusa JD, Crawford M (2016) Integrating multiple data sources to enhance sentiment prediction. In: IEEE 2nd international conference collaboration and internet computing (CIC), 2016, pp 285\u2013291","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC.2016.046"},{"issue":"1","key":"525_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-017-0456-z","volume":"7","author":"B Heredia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heredia B, Khoshgoftaar TM, Prusa JD, Crawford M (2017) Improving detection of untrustworthy online reviews using ensemble learners combined with feature selection. Soc Netw Anal Min 7(1):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13278-017-0456-z","journal-title":"Soc Netw Anal Min"},{"key":"525_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heredia B, Prusa JD, Khoshgoftaar TM (2017) Exploring the effectiveness of twitter at polling the United States 2016 presidential election. In: IEEE 3rd international conference collaboration and internet computing (CIC), 2017, pp 283\u2013290","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC.2017.00045"},{"key":"525_CR15","unstructured":"Jones T (2016) Ibd\/tipp tracking poll: The most accurate presidential poll in America, 2016. http:\/\/www.investors.com\/politics\/ibd-tipp-tracking-poll-most-accurate-presidential-poll\/ . Accessed 9 Jan 2017"},{"key":"525_CR16","unstructured":"Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton GE (2012) Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, p 1097\u20131105"},{"key":"525_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Huang X, An A, Yu X (2007) ARSA: a sentiment-aware model for predicting sales performance using blogs. In: Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in information retrieval, ser. SIGIR \u201907, pp 607\u2013614","DOI":"10.1145\/1277741.1277845"},{"key":"525_CR18","unstructured":"Mann HB, Whitney DR (1947) On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Ann Math Stat 50\u201360. https:\/\/projecteuclid.org\/download\/pdf_1\/euclid.aoms\/1177730491"},{"key":"525_CR19","unstructured":"Meador C, Gluck J (2009) Analyzing the relationship between tweets, box-office performance and stocks. Methods"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"525_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000011","volume":"2","author":"B Pang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pang B, Lee L (2008) Opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Found Trends Inf Retr 2(1\u20132):1\u2013135","journal-title":"Found Trends Inf Retr"},{"key":"525_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prusa JD, Khoshgoftaar TM (2017) Improving deep neural network design with new text data representations. J Big Data 4(1):7, 3. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186\/s40537-017-0065-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-017-0065-8"},{"key":"525_CR22","unstructured":"Prusa JD, Khoshgoftaar TM, Seliya N (2016) Enhancing ensemble learners with data sampling on high-dimensional imbalanced tweet sentiment data. In: The twenty-ninth international flairs conference, pp 322\u2013327"},{"key":"525_CR23","unstructured":"Real clear politics\u2014election 2016 presidential polls. https:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/epolls\/latest_polls\/ . Accessed 08-2017"},{"key":"525_CR8","unstructured":"Reuters (2016) Election night 2016 was the most watched in cable news history, Nov 9 2016. http:\/\/fortune.com\/2016\/11\/10\/election-night-2016-cable-news-history\/ . Accessed 11 Jan 2017"},{"key":"525_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robertson SP, Vatrapu RK, Medina R (2010) Off the wall political discourse: Facebook use in the 2008 US presidential election. Inf Polity 15(1 2):11\u201331. http:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/information-polity\/ip000196","DOI":"10.3233\/IP-2010-0196"},{"key":"525_CR25","unstructured":"Roesslein J (2009) Tweepy: Twitter for python!\u2019 2009. http:\/\/www.tweepy.org\/ . Accessed 9 Jan 2016"},{"key":"525_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2017.0049","volume":"5","author":"F Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer F, Evert S, Heinrich P (2017) Japan\u2019s 2014 general election: political bots, rightwing internet activism, and prime minister shinz\u014d abe\u2019s hidden nationalist agenda. Big Data 5:294\u2013309","journal-title":"Big Data"},{"key":"525_CR27","unstructured":"Si J, Mukherjee A, Liu B, Li Q, Li H, Deng X (2013) Exploiting topic based twitter sentiment for stock prediction. ACL vol 2, pp 24\u201329. http:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/old_anthology\/P\/P13\/P13-2.pdf#page=72"},{"issue":"3","key":"525_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0115545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115545","volume":"10","author":"L Sloan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sloan L, Morgan J, Burnap P, Williams M (2015) Who tweets? deriving the demographic characteristics of age, occupation and social class from Twitter user meta-data. PLoS One 10(3):e0115545","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"525_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v4i1.14009","volume":"10","author":"A Tumasjan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tumasjan A, Sprenger TO, Sandner PG, Welpe IM (2010) Predicting elections with twitter: what 140 characters reveal about political sentiment. ICWSM 10(1):178\u2013185","journal-title":"ICWSM"},{"key":"525_CR30","unstructured":"Twitter usage statistics, June, 2015. http:\/\/www.internetlivestats.com\/twitter-statistics\/\/ . Accessed 2 Jan 2017"},{"key":"525_CR31","unstructured":"Wang H, Can D, Kazemzadeh A, Bar F, Narayanan S (2012) A system for real-time twitter sentiment analysis of 2012 us presidential election cycle. In: Proceedings of the ACL 2012 system demonstrations. Association for computational linguistics, pp 115\u2013120"},{"key":"525_CR32","unstructured":"Zhang X, LeCun Y (2015) Text understanding from scratch. Cornell University, Tech. Rep., 02"}],"container-title":["Social Network Analysis and Mining"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0525-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0525-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0525-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T20:05:36Z","timestamp":1693771536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0525-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0525-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-5450","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-5469","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"48"}}