{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T17:51:38Z","timestamp":1740160298622,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA11010102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA11010102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARO W911NF1310154","ARO W911NF0910273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARO W911NF1310154","ARO W911NF0910273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004415","name":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G5319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G5319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc. Netw. Anal. Min."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-018-0539-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T06:05:37Z","timestamp":1539065137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Remote assessment of countries\u2019 cyber weapon capabilities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ghita","family":"Mezzour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Carley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Richard","family":"Carley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"539_CR1","unstructured":"Balzarotti D (2015) 10+ years of system security circus. http:\/\/s3.eurecom.fr\/~balzarot\/notes\/top4\/index.html . Accessed Jan 2018"},{"key":"539_CR2","volume-title":"The proliferation puzzle: Why nuclear weapons spread (and what results)","author":"RK Betts","year":"1993","unstructured":"Betts RK (1993) Paranoids, pygmies, pariahs and nonproliferation revisited. In: Davis ZS, Benjamin F (eds) The proliferation puzzle: Why nuclear weapons spread (and what results). F. Cass, London"},{"key":"539_CR3","unstructured":"Billo CG, Chang W (2004) Cyber warfare. an analysis of the means and motivations of selected nation states. Tech. rep., Institute for Security Technology Studies at Darmouth College"},{"key":"539_CR4","unstructured":"Bryan K (2009) Capability of the people\u2019s republic of china toconduct cyber warfare and computer network exploitation. Tech. rep., Northrop Grumman Corporation"},{"key":"539_CR5","volume-title":"Inside cyber warfare. Mapping the cyber underworld","author":"J Carr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carr J (2012) Inside cyber warfare. Mapping the cyber underworld, 2nd edn. O\u2019reilley, Sebastopol","edition":"2"},{"key":"539_CR6","unstructured":"Center for International Development and Conflict Management (2010) International crisis behavior project. http:\/\/www.cidcm.umd.edu\/icb\/ . Accessed Dec 2011"},{"key":"539_CR7","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency (2010) INTelligence: open source intelligence. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/news-information\/featured-story-archive\/2010-featured-story-archive\/open-source-intelligence.html . Accessed Feb 2015"},{"key":"539_CR8","unstructured":"CERT (2014) National computer security incident response teams. http:\/\/www.cert.org\/csirts\/national\/contact.html . Accessed Jan 2014"},{"key":"539_CR9","unstructured":"Cirlig CC (2014) Cyber defense in the EU. Preparing for cyber warfare? Tech. rep., European Parliamentary Research Service. http:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/EPRS\/EPRS-Briefing-542143-Cyber-defence-in-the-EU-FINAL.pdf . Accessed Feb 2015"},{"key":"539_CR10","volume-title":"Cyber war: the next threat to national security and what to do about it","author":"RA Clarke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clarke RA, Knake R (2010) Cyber war: the next threat to national security and what to do about it. Harper Collins, New York"},{"key":"539_CR11","volume-title":"The proliferation puzzle: why nuclear weapons spread (and what results)","author":"ZS Davis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Davis ZS (1993) The realist nuclear regime. In: Davis ZS, Benjamin F (eds) The proliferation puzzle: why nuclear weapons spread (and what results). F. Cass, London"},{"key":"539_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/1465116504040448","volume":"5","author":"BB de Mesquita","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Mesquita BB (2004) Decision-making models, rigor and new puzzles. Eur Union Politics 5:125\u2013138","journal-title":"Eur Union Politics"},{"key":"539_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12987\/9780300158113","volume-title":"European community decision-making: models, applications and comparisons","author":"BB de Mesquita","year":"1994","unstructured":"de Mesquita BB, Stockman F (1994) European community decision-making: models, applications and comparisons. Yale University Press, New Haven"},{"issue":"4","key":"539_CR14","first-page":"43","volume":"XVI","author":"D Denning","year":"2000","unstructured":"Denning D (2000) Reflections on cyberweapons controls. Comput Secur J XVI(4):43\u201353","journal-title":"Comput Secur J"},{"key":"539_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumitras T, Shou D (2011) Toward a standard benchmark for computer security research. The worldwide intelligence network environment (wine). In: Workshop on building analysis datasets and gathering experience returns for security (BADGERS), Salzburg, Austria","DOI":"10.1145\/1978672.1978683"},{"issue":"9","key":"539_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2011.24","volume":"5","author":"D Elliott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elliott D (2011) Deterring strategic cyberattack. IEEE Secur Priv 5(9):36\u201340","journal-title":"IEEE Secur Priv"},{"issue":"5","key":"539_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"W Frankenstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frankenstein W, Mezzour G, Carley KM, Carley LR (2015) Remote assessment of countries\u2019 nuclear, biological and cyber capabilities: joint motivation and latent capability approach. Soc Netw Anal Min 5(5):1\u201321","journal-title":"Soc Netw Anal Min"},{"key":"539_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.1990.9990069","volume":"15","author":"N Friedkin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Friedkin N, Johnsen E (1990) Social influence and opinions. J Math Sociol 15:193\u2013205","journal-title":"J Math Sociol"},{"issue":"1","key":"539_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2007.00244.x","volume":"51","author":"E Gartzke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gartzke E (2007) The Capitalist Peace. Am J Political Sci 51(1):166\u2013191","journal-title":"Am J Political Sci"},{"key":"539_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781604265781","volume-title":"International military alliances, 1648\u20132008. Correlates of war series","author":"DM Gibler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gibler DM (2009) International military alliances, 1648\u20132008. Correlates of war series. CQ Press, Washington, DC"},{"key":"539_CR21","unstructured":"Giles K (2011) Information troops\u2014a Russian cyber command? In: 3rd International Conference on Cyber Conflict, Tallinn, Estonia"},{"key":"539_CR22","unstructured":"Hilderth SA (2001) Cyberwarfare. Tech. rep, CRS Report for Congress"},{"issue":"3","key":"539_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002713509049","volume":"58","author":"MC Horowitz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Horowitz MC, Narang N (2014) Poor man\u2019s atomic bomb? Exploring the relationship between weapons of mass destruction. J Confl Resolut 58(3):509\u2013535","journal-title":"J Confl Resolut"},{"key":"539_CR24","unstructured":"International Cyber Center George Mason University (2014) Certicc home. http:\/\/internationalcybercenter.org\/certicc . Accessed Jan 2014"},{"key":"539_CR25","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union (2012) Measuring the information society. http:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-D\/Statistics\/Documents\/publications\/mis2012\/MIS2012_without_Annex_4.pdf . Accessed Mar 2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"539_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002706296158","volume":"51","author":"DJ Jo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jo DJ, Gartzke E (2007) Determinants of nuclear weapons proliferation. J Confl Resolut 51(1):167\u2013194","journal-title":"J Confl Resolut"},{"key":"539_CR27","volume-title":"Cyber warfare and cyber terrorism","author":"RJ Kilroy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kilroy RJ (2008) The US military response to cyber warfare. In: Janczewski L, Colarik AM (eds) Cyber warfare and cyber terrorism. Information Science Reference, Hershey"},{"key":"539_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9780801458910","volume-title":"Exporting the bomb technology transfer and the spread of nuclear weapons","author":"M Kroenig","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kroenig M (2010) Exporting the bomb technology transfer and the spread of nuclear weapons. Cornell University Press, Ithaca"},{"key":"539_CR29","unstructured":"Lewis JA, Timlin K (2011) Cybersecurity and cyberwarfare. Preliminary assessment of national doctrine and organization. Tech. rep., Center for Strategic and International Studies"},{"key":"539_CR30","unstructured":"Leyden J (2012) Germany reveals secret techie soldier unit, new cyberweapons. http:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2012\/06\/08\/germany_cyber_offensive_capability\/ . Accessed Mar 2014"},{"key":"539_CR31","unstructured":"Libicki M (2009) Cyberdeterrence and cyberwar. Tech. Rep. Rand"},{"key":"539_CR32","unstructured":"Mandiant (2013) APT1: exposing one of china\u2019s cyber espionage units. Tech. Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"539_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002706291053","volume":"50","author":"Z Maoz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maoz Z (2006) Structural equivalence and international conflict: a social networks analysis. J Confl Resolut 50(5):664\u2013689","journal-title":"J Confl Resolut"},{"key":"539_CR001","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 symposium and bootcamp on the science of security-HotSoS\u201915","author":"G Mezzour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mezzour G, Carley KM, Carley LR (2015) An empirical study of global malware encounters. In: Proceedings of the 2015 symposium and bootcamp on the science of security-HotSoS\u201915. ACM Press, Urbana, Illinois, pp 1\u201311"},{"key":"539_CR002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1145\/3055305.3055306","volume-title":"Proceedings of the hot topics in science of security: symposium and bootcamp on-HoTSoS","author":"G Mezzour","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mezzour G, Carley KM, Carley LR (2017) Global variation in attack encounters and hosting. In: Proceedings of the hot topics in science of security: symposium and bootcamp on-HoTSoS. ACM Press, Hanover, MD, USA, pp 62\u201373"},{"issue":"2","key":"539_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2018.2813529","volume":"5","author":"G Mezzour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mezzour G, Frankenstein W, Carley KM (2018) Carley LR (2018) A socio-computational approach to predictingbioweapon proliferation. IEEE Trans Comput Social Syst 5(2):458\u2013467","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Social Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"539_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X9401800107","volume":"18","author":"F Narin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Narin F, Olivastro D, Stevens KA (1994) Bibliometrics\/theory, practice and problems. Eval Rev 18(1):65\u201376","journal-title":"Eval Rev"},{"key":"539_CR35","unstructured":"New York Times (2012) Panetta warns of dire threat of cyberattack on us. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/10\/12\/world\/panetta-warns-of-dire-threat-of-cyberattack.html . Accessed Mar 2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"539_CR36","first-page":"18","volume":"5","author":"JS Nye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nye JS (2011) Nuclear lessons for cyber security? Strateg Stud Q 5(4):18\u201338","journal-title":"Strateg Stud Q"},{"issue":"5","key":"539_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/0096340213501338","volume":"69","author":"JS Nye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nye JS (2013) From bombs to bytes: can our nuclear history inform our cyber future? Bull Atomic Sci 69(5):8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0096340213501338","journal-title":"Bull Atomic Sci"},{"key":"539_CR38","unstructured":"Ortiz JU (2008) Argentina: the challenge of information operation. IOSphere"},{"key":"539_CR39","unstructured":"Owens WO, Dam KW, Lin HS (2009) Technology, policy, law, and ethics regarding US acquisition and use of cyberattack capabilities. Tech. Rep., National Research Council (NRC)"},{"issue":"1","key":"539_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/01402390.2011.608939","volume":"35","author":"T Rid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rid T (2012) Cyber war will not take place. J Strateg Stud 35(1):5\u201332","journal-title":"J Strateg Stud"},{"key":"539_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199655014.001.0001","volume-title":"Cyber operations and the use of force in international law","author":"M Roscini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roscini M, Trust Leverhulme (2014) Cyber operations and the use of force in international law. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"539_CR42","volume-title":"The spread of nuclear weapons: an enduring debate","author":"SD Sagan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sagan SD (2013) The spread of nuclear weapons: an enduring debate, 3rd edn. W.W. Norton & Co, New York","edition":"3"},{"key":"539_CR43","unstructured":"SCOPUS (2012) www.scopus.com . Accessed Mar 2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"539_CR44","first-page":"191","volume":"27","author":"SJ Shackelford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shackelford SJ (2009) From nuclear war to net war: anologizing cyber attacks in international law. Berkeley J Int Law 27(1):191\u2013250","journal-title":"Berkeley J Int Law"},{"key":"539_CR45","volume-title":"Introduction to cyber-warfare: a multidisciplinary approach","author":"P Shakarian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shakarian P, Shakarian J, Ruef A (2013) Introduction to cyber-warfare: a multidisciplinary approach, 1st edn. Syngress Publishing, Maryland Heights","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"539_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/09700160903354450","volume":"34","author":"A Sharma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma A (2010) Cyber wars: a paradigm shift from means to ends. Strateg Anal 34(1):62\u201373","journal-title":"Strateg Anal"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"539_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/01402390.2017.1288107","volume":"41","author":"M Smeets","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smeets M (2018) A matter of time: on the transitory nature of cyberweapons. J Strateg Stud 41(1\u20132):6\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01402390.2017.1288107","journal-title":"J Strateg Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"539_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/09636419509347592","volume":"4","author":"BA Thayer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Thayer BA (1995) The causes of nuclear proliferation and the utility of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Secur Stud 4(3):463\u2013519","journal-title":"Secur Stud"},{"key":"539_CR49","volume-title":"Theory of international politics","author":"KN Waltz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waltz KN (2010) Theory of international politics. Waveland Press, Long Grove"}],"container-title":["Social Network Analysis and Mining"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0539-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0539-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0539-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T16:49:27Z","timestamp":1662223767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0539-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13278-018-0539-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1869-5450"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1869-5469"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"62"}}