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Min."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Users utilize Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs) to check into diverse venues and share their experiences through ratings and comments. However, these platforms typically feature a considerably larger number of locations than users, resulting in a challenge known as insufficient historical data or user-location matrix sparsity. This sparsity arises because not all users can check into all available locations on a given LBSN, such as Yelp. To address this challenge, this paper proposes combining Spectral Clustering with a three-layered location recommendation model to develop a recommender system named LSC, applied to Yelp datasets. LSC leverages various information, including users\u2019 check-in data, demographics, location demographics, and users\u2019 friendship network data, to train the recommender system and generate recommendations. Evaluation of LSC\u2019s performance utilizes the Yelp dataset and several comparison metrics, such as accuracy, RMSE, and F1-score. The results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm delivers reliable and significant performance improvements across various evaluation metrics compared to competing algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-024-01261-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T03:40:31Z","timestamp":1715398831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Three-layered location recommendation algorithm using spectral clustering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Moayedikia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Jahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Anisur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kok Leong","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2021.107869","volume":"114","author":"M Alshammari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alshammari M, Stavrakakis J, Takatsuka M (2021) Refining a k-nearest neighbor graph for a computationally efficient spectral clustering. 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