{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T07:30:15Z","timestamp":1768807815288,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2729,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T06:57:08Z","timestamp":1367391428000},"page":"129-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["GPU computing in discrete optimization. Part I: Introduction to the GPU"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 R.","family":"Brodtkorb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Trond R.","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Hasle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker K, Davis K, Hoisie A, Kerbyson D, Lang M, Pakin S, Sancho J (2008) Entering the Petaflop Era: the architecture and performance of roadrunner. Supercomputing","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2008.5217926"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.50.1.3.17780","article-title":"Solving real-world linear programs: a decade and more of progress","volume":"50","author":"Bixby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Operations Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"State-of-the-art in heterogeneous computing","volume":"18","author":"Brodtkorb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Progr"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2011.10.012","article-title":"Efficient shallow water simulations on GPUs: implementation, visualization, verification, and validation","volume":"55","author":"Brodtkorb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput Fluids"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brodtkorb AR, S\u00e6tra ML, Hagen TR (2012b) GPU programming strategies and trends in GPU computing. J Parallel Distrib Comput","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2012.04.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.515.0559","article-title":"Cell broadband engine architecture and its first implementation: a performance view","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib7","series-title":"The Cg tutorial: the definitive guide to programmable real-time graphics","author":"Fernando","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldberg D (1991) What every computer scientist should know about floating-point arithmetic. In: Numerical Computation Guide, Appendix D, pp. 171\u2013264","DOI":"10.1145\/103162.103163"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib9","unstructured":"Harris M (2011) NVIDIA GPU Computing SDK 4.1: optimizing parallel reduction in CUDA"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib10","unstructured":"Intel (2012) Intel\u2019s microprocessor export compliance metrics. http:\/\/www.intel.com\/support\/processors\/sb\/CS-017346.htm"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1145\/356635.356640","article-title":"Structured programming with go to statements","volume":"6","author":"Knuth","year":"1974","journal-title":"Comput Surv"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib12","series-title":"Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 11","author":"Luna","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hyper-threading technology architecture and microarchitecture","volume":"6","author":"Marr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intel Technol J"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib14","unstructured":"Menabrea LF (1842) Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles Babbage. Biblioth\u00e8que Universelle de Gen\u00e8ve"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib15","unstructured":"Micikevicius P (2010a) Analysis-driven performance optimization. In: 2010 GPU Technology Conference, session 2012 (Conference presentation)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib16","unstructured":"Micikevicius P (2010b) Fundamental Performance Optimizations for GPUs. In: 2010 GPU Technology Conference, session 2011 (Conference presentation)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib17","unstructured":"NVIDIA (2011) NVIDIA CUDA Programming Guide 4.1"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib18","unstructured":"NVIDIA (2012) http:\/\/nvidia.com"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.917757","article-title":"GPU computing","volume":"96","author":"Owens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib20","first-page":"38","article-title":"Vehicle routing software survey\u2014on the road to innovation","volume":"39","author":"Partyka","year":"2012","journal-title":"OR MS Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2012.02.020","article-title":"Efficient local search on the GPU\u2014investigations on the vehicle routing problem","volume":"73","author":"Schulz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Parallel Distrib Comput"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulz C, Hasle G, Brodtkorb AR, Hagen TR (2013) GPU Computing in discrete optimization\u2013Part II: survey focused on routing problems. EURO J Transp Logist","DOI":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0026-0"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib23","series-title":"OpenGL programming guide: the official guide to learning OpenGL","author":"Shreiner","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1_bib24","unstructured":"Shreiner D, Group TKW, Licea-Kane B, Sellers G (2011) Top 500 supercomputer sites. http:\/\/www.top500.org\/"}],"container-title":["EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2192437620600267?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2192437620600267?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T03:44:38Z","timestamp":1761882278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2192437620600267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2192437620600267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-4376"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-4376","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"GPU computing in discrete optimization. Part I: Introduction to the GPU","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13676-013-0025-1","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}