{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:27:16Z","timestamp":1740166036068,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prog Artif Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13748-023-00296-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T18:03:27Z","timestamp":1675188207000},"page":"45-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Strabismus free gaze detection system for driver\u2019s using deep learning technique"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nageshwar Nath","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naresh Babu","family":"Muppalaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"296_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1006\/rtim.2002.0279","volume":"8","author":"Q Ji","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ji, Q., Yang, X.: Real-time eye, gaze, and face pose tracking for monitoring driver vigilance. Real-time Imaging 8(5), 357\u2013377 (2002)","journal-title":"Real-time Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"296_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2010.2092770","volume":"12","author":"Y Dong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Hu, Z., Uchimura, K., Murayama, N.: Driver inattention monitoring system for intelligent vehicles: a review. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 12(2), 596\u2013614 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"296_CR3","unstructured":"National Center for Statistics and Analysis.: Distracted driving in fatal crashes, 2017. (Traffic Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 700). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2019)"},{"key":"296_CR4","unstructured":"National Center for Statistics and Analysis. Driver electronic device use in 2017 (Traffic Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 665). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2019)"},{"issue":"3","key":"296_CR5","first-page":"70","volume":"9","author":"PP Bhatt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhatt, P.P., Trivedi, J.A.: Various methods for driver drowsiness detection: an overview. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. (IJCSE) 9(3), 70\u201374 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. (IJCSE)"},{"key":"296_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonald, A. D., Schwarz, C., Lee, J.D., Brown, T.L.: Real-time detection of drowsiness related lane departures using steering wheel angle. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 2201\u20132205. Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications (2012)","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181312561464"},{"issue":"5","key":"296_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2017.2693230","volume":"47","author":"A Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, A., Zheng, R., Kaizuka, T., Shimono, K., Nakano, K.: W c guidance steering system on fatigue-related driver behavior. IEEE Trans. Hum.-Mach. Syst. 47(5), 741\u2013748 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum.-Mach. Syst."},{"key":"296_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhujbal, P. N., and Narote, S. P.: Lane departure warning system based on Hough transform and Euclidean distance. In: 2015 third international conference on image information processing (ICIIP), IEEE, pp. 370\u2013373 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIP.2015.7414798"},{"issue":"4","key":"296_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850009","DOI":"10.1142\/S021800141850009X","volume":"32","author":"R-H Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, R.-H., You, F., Chen, F., He, W.-Q.: Vehicle detection method for intelligent vehicle at night time based on video and laser information. Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell. 32(4), 1850009 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"296_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6649","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2669263","volume":"5","author":"R-H Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, R.-H., He, Z.-C., Wang, H.-W., You, F., Li, K.-N.: Study on self-tuning tyre friction control for developing main-servo loop integrated chassis control system. IEEE Access 5, 6649\u20136660 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"296_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"041103","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.22.4.041103","volume":"22","author":"S Srivastava","year":"2013","unstructured":"Srivastava, S., Delp, E.J.: Video-based real-time surveillance of vehicles. J. Electr. Imaging 22(4), 041103 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Electr. Imaging"},{"key":"296_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danisman, T., Bilasco, I. M., Djeraba, C., and Ihaddadene, N.: Drowsy driver detection system using eye blink patterns. In: 2010 international conference on machine and web intelligence, IEEE, pp. 230\u2013233 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMWI.2010.5648121"},{"key":"296_CR13","unstructured":"Catalbas, M. C., Cegovnik, T., Sodnik, J., and Gulten, A.: Driver fatigue detection based on saccadic eye movements. In: 10th international conference on electrical and electronics engineering (ELECO), IEEE, pp. 913\u2013917 (2017)"},{"key":"296_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danisman, T., Bilasco, I.M., Djeraba, C., and Ihaddadene, N.: Drowsy driver detection system using eye blink patterns. In: International conference on machine and web intelligence, IEEE, pp. 230\u2013233 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMWI.2010.5648121"},{"key":"296_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Nandy, T., and Manna, N.: Real time eye detection and tracking method for driver assistance system. In: Advancements of Medical Electronics, Springer, New Delhi, pp. 13\u201325 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2256-9_2"},{"issue":"2","key":"296_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3923\/ajaps.2015.149.157","volume":"8","author":"A-A Asim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asim, A.-A., Ghassan, J., Nordin, M.J., Razooq, M.M.: Automatic driver drowsiness detection using Haar algorithm and support vector machine techniques. Asian J. Appl. Sci. 8(2), 149\u2013157 (2015)","journal-title":"Asian J. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"296_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar, W. G., Estrella, J. I., L\u00f3pez, W., and Abad, V.: Driver fatigue detection based on real-time eye gaze pattern analysis. In: International conference on intelligent robotics and applications, Springer, Cham, pp. 683\u2013694 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65292-4_59"},{"key":"296_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy, B., Kim, Y.-H., Yun, S., Seo, C., and Jang, J.: Real-time driver drowsiness detection for embedded system using model compression of deep neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, pp. 121\u2013128 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.59"},{"key":"296_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Su, J., Geng, L., and Xiao, Z.: Driver fatigue detection based on eye state recognition. In: International conference on machine vision and information technology (CMVIT), IEEE, pp. 105\u2013110 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CMVIT.2017.25"},{"issue":"3","key":"296_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2011.54","volume":"10","author":"JF Coughlin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coughlin, J.F., Reimer, B., Mehler, B.: Monitoring, managing, and motivating driver safety and well-being. IEEE Perv. Comput. 10(3), 14\u201321 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Perv. Comput."},{"issue":"9","key":"296_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091396","volume":"16","author":"W Pan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan, W., Jung, D., Yoon, H.S., Lee, D.E., Naqvi, R.A., Lee, K.W., Park, K.R.: Empirical study on designing of gaze tracking camera based on the information user\u2019s of head movement. Sensors 16(9), 1396 (2016)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"296_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/s16010110","volume":"16","author":"D Jung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jung, D., Lee, J.M., Gwon, S.Y., Pan, W., Lee, H.C., Park, K.R., Kim, H.-C.: Compensation method of natural head movement for gaze tracking system using an ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement. Sensors 16(1), 110 (2016)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"6","key":"296_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14679","DOI":"10.3390\/s150614679","volume":"15","author":"S Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, S., Yoo, J., Han, G.: Gaze-assisted user intention prediction for initial delay reduction in web video access. Sensors 15(6), 14679\u201314700 (2015)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"6","key":"296_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01670.x","volume":"82","author":"JM Franchak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franchak, J.M., Kretch, K.S., Soska, K.C., Adolph, K.E.: Head-mounted eye tracking: a new method to describe infant looking. Child Dev. 82(6), 1738\u20131750 (2011)","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"296_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2010.11.013","volume":"115","author":"B Noris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Noris, B., Keller, J.-B., Billard, A.: A wearable gaze tracking system for children in unconstrained environments. Comput. Vis. Image Understand. 115(4), 476\u2013486 (2011)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Understand."},{"issue":"7","key":"296_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"077002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3158992","volume":"48","author":"EC Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee, E.C., Ko, Y.J., Park, K.R.: Gaze tracking based on active appearance model and multiple support vector regression on mobile devices. Opt. Eng. 48(7), 077002 (2009)","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"296_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toyama, T., Dengel, A., Suzuki, W., and Kise, K.: Wearable reading assists system: Augmented reality document combining document retrieval and eye tracking. In: 12th international conference on document analysis and recognition, IEEE, pp. 30\u201334 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2013.15"},{"issue":"6","key":"296_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237206000476","volume":"18","author":"M-C Su","year":"2006","unstructured":"Su, M.-C., Wang, K.-C., Chen, G.-D.: An eye tracking system and its application in aids for people with severe disabilities. Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun. 18(6), 319\u2013327 (2006)","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun."},{"key":"296_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, M., Garfinkel, T., Boneh, D., and Winograd, T.: Reducing shoulder-surfing by using gaze-based password entry. In: Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on usable privacy and security, pp. 13\u201319 (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1280680.1280683"},{"key":"296_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulling, A., Alt, F., and Schmidt, A.: Increasing the security of gaze-based cued-recall graphical passwords using saliency masks. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp. 3011\u20133020 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208712"},{"key":"296_CR31","unstructured":"Iqbal, S. T., and Bailey, B. P.: Using eye gaze patterns to identify user tasks. In: The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, vol. 1 (2004)"},{"key":"296_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tawari, A., and Trivedi, M. M.: Robust and continuous estimation of driver gaze zone by dynamic analysis of multiple face videos. In: IEEE intelligent vehicles symposium proceedings, pp. 344\u2013349 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2014.6856607"},{"key":"296_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tawari, A., Chen, K. H., and Trivedi, M. M.: Where is the driver looking: analysis of head, eye and iris for robust gaze zone estimation. In: 17th international IEEE conference on intelligent transportation systems (ITSC), pp. 988\u2013994 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2014.6957817"},{"issue":"2","key":"296_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2007.895298","volume":"8","author":"Y Liang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Reyes, M.L., Lee, J.D.: Real-time detection of driver cognitive distraction using support vector machines. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 8(2), 340\u2013350 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"296_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2247759","volume":"14","author":"C Ahlstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahlstrom, C., Kircher, K., Kircher, A.: A gaze-based driver distraction warning system and its effect on visual behavior. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 14(2), 965\u2013973 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"296_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2010.2091503","volume":"12","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, S.J., Jo, J., Jung, H.G., Park, K.R., Kim, J.: Real-time gaze estimator based on driver\u2019s head orientation for forward collision warning system. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 12(1), 254\u2013267 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"296_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2217377","volume":"14","author":"X Fu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fu, X., Guan, X., Peli, E., Liu, H., Luo, G.: Automatic calibration method for driver\u2019s head orientation in natural driving environment. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 14(1), 303\u2013312 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"296_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2396031","volume":"16","author":"F Vicente","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vicente, F., Huang, Z., Xiong, X., De la Torre, F., Zhang, W., Levi, D.: Driver gaze tracking and eyes off the road detection system. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 16(4), 2014\u20132027 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"296_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Y., Jiali, C., Tan, T., and Wang, Y.: Key techniques and methods for imaging iris in focus. In: 18th international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR'06), IEEE, vol. 4, pp. 557\u2013561 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.739"},{"key":"296_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chuang, M.-C., Bala, R., Bernal, E. A., Paul, P., and Burry, A.: Estimating gaze direction of vehicle drivers using a smartphone camera. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, pp. 165\u2013170 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2014.30"},{"key":"296_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anandan, P., Bergen, J. R., Hanna, K. J., and Hingorani, R.: Hierarchical model-based motion estimation: In: Motion Analysis and Image Sequence Processing, Springer, Boston, MA, pp. 1\u201322 (1993)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3236-1_1"},{"issue":"4","key":"296_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cvi.2015.0296","volume":"10","author":"L Fridman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fridman, L., Lee, J., Reimer, V., Victor, T.: \u2018Owl\u2019and \u2018Lizard\u2019: patterns of head pose and eye pose in driver gaze classification. IET Comput. Vis. 10(4), 308\u2013314 (2016)","journal-title":"IET Comput. Vis."},{"key":"296_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George, A., and Routray A.: Real-time eye gaze direction classification using convolutional neural network. In: International conference on signal processing and communications (SPCOM), IEEE, pp. 1\u20135 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/SPCOM.2016.7746701"},{"key":"296_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vora, S., Rangesh, A., and Trivedim, M.M.: On generalizing driver gaze zone estimation using convolutional neural networks. In IEEE intelligent vehicles symposium (IV), IEEE, pp. 849\u2013854, (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2017.7995822"},{"key":"296_CR45","unstructured":"Konrad, R., Shikhar S., and Paroma V.: Near-Eye Display Gaze Tracking via Convolutional Neural Networks"},{"key":"296_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krafka, K., Khosla, A., Kellnhofer, P., Kannan, H., Bhandarkar, S., Matusik, W., and Torralba, A.: Eye tracking for everyone. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 2176\u20132184 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.239"},{"key":"296_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Yusuke S., Mario F., and Bulling, A.: Appearance-based gaze estimation in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 4511\u20134520 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299081"},{"key":"296_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Tanaya, N., and Manna, N.: Real time eye detection and tracking method for driver assistance system. In: Advancements of Medical Electronics, Springer, New Delhi, pp. 13\u201325 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2256-9_2"},{"key":"296_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2013.01.048","volume":"126","author":"B Cyganek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cyganek, B., Gruszczy\u0144ski, S.: Hybrid computer vision system for drivers\u2019 eye recognition and fatigue monitoring. Neurocomputing 126, 78\u201394 (2014)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"21","key":"296_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23077","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4415-5","volume":"76","author":"S El Kaddouhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"El Kaddouhi, S., Saaidi, A., Abarkan, M.: Eye detection based on the Viola-Jones method and corners points. Multimed. Tools Appl. 76(21), 23077\u201323097 (2017)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"296_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-012-1220-z","volume":"70","author":"Y-L Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu, Y.-L., Chun-Tsai, Y., Wei-Chih, H., Cheng-Yuan, T.: Gaze direction estimation using support vector machine with active appearance model. Multimed. Tools Appl. 70(3), 2037\u20132062 (2014)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"296_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, H.-C., Chao W., and Yen-wei C.: Gaze tracking by binocular vision and LBP features. In: 19th international conference on pattern recognition, IEEE, pp. 1\u20134 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4761019"},{"key":"296_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, I.-H., Sung K. H., and Yong-Guk K.: Real-time categorization of driver's gaze zone using the deep learning techniques. In: International conference on big data and smart computing (BigComp), IEEE, pp. 143\u2013148 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/BIGCOMP.2016.7425813"},{"issue":"2","key":"296_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020456","volume":"18","author":"RA Naqvi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naqvi, R.A., Muhammad, A., Ganbayar, B., Hyo, S.Y., Kang, R.P.: Deep learning-based gaze detection system for automobile drivers using a NIR camera sensor. Sensors 18(2), 456 (2018)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"296_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, B. A., Qi Y., Steven K. F., and Shree K. N.: Gaze locking: passive eye contact detection for human-object interaction. In: Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, pp. 271\u2013280, (2013). Available online: http:\/\/www.cs.columbia.edu\/CAVE\/databases\/columbia_gaze\/(Accessed on 27 June 2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2501994"},{"key":"296_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazemi, V., and Josephine S.: One millisecond face alignment with an ensemble of regression trees. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 1867\u20131874 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.241"},{"issue":"3","key":"296_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-004-0139-4","volume":"15","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhu, Z., Qiang, J.: Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Mach. Vis. Appl. 15(3), 139\u2013148 (2004)","journal-title":"Mach. Vis. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"296_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2004.07.012","volume":"98","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhu, Z., Qiang, J.: Robust real-time eye detection and tracking under variable lighting conditions and various face orientations. Comput. Vis. Image Understand. 98(1), 124\u2013154 (2005)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Understand."},{"issue":"5","key":"296_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"051205","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.27.5.051205","volume":"27","author":"Y Ji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ji, Y., Shigang, W., Yang, L., Jian, W., Yan, Z.: Eye and mouth state detection algorithm based on contour feature extraction. J. Electr. Imaging 27(5), 051205 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Electr. Imaging"},{"key":"296_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parkhi, O.M., Andrea V., and Andrew Z.: Deep face recognition (2015)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.29.41"},{"key":"296_CR61","unstructured":"Simonyan, K., and Andrew Z.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv, 1409\u20131556 (2014)"},{"key":"296_CR62","unstructured":"Optimization: Stochastic Gradient Descent. Available online: http:\/\/ufldl.stanford.edu\/tutorial\/Supervised\/OptimizationStochasticGradientDescent\/(Accessed on 27 June 2020)"},{"key":"296_CR63","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Ilya S., and Geoffrey E. H.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097\u20131105 (2012)"}],"container-title":["Progress in Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13748-023-00296-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13748-023-00296-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13748-023-00296-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T10:14:48Z","timestamp":1728814488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13748-023-00296-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13748-023-00296-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-6352","2192-6360"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2192-6352"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2192-6360"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}