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Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>For understanding biological cellular systems, it is important to analyze interactions between protein residues and RNA bases. A method based on conditional random fields (CRFs) was developed for predicting contacts between residues and bases, which receives multiple sequence alignments for given protein and RNA sequences, respectively, and learns the model with many parameters involved in relationships between neighboring residue\u2010base pairs by maximizing the pseudo likelihood function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we proposed a novel CRF\u2010based model with more complicated dependency relationships between random variables than the previous model, but which takes less parameters for the sake of avoidance of overfitting to training data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed cross\u2010validation experiments for evaluating the proposed model, and took the average of AUC (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) scores. The result suggests that the proposed CRF\u2010based model without using <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010norm regularization (lasso) outperforms the existing model with and without the lasso under several input observations to CRFs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We proposed a novel stochastic model for predicting protein\u2010RNA residue\u2010base contacts, and improved the prediction accuracy in terms of the AUC score. It implies that more dependency relationships in a CRF could be controlled by less parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40484-018-0136-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T02:12:15Z","timestamp":1525918335000},"page":"155-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving conditional random field model for prediction of protein\u2010RNA residue\u2010base contacts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Morihiro","family":"Hayashida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--1--> Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Institute of Technology Matsue College Shimane 690\u20108518 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--1--> Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Institute of Technology Matsue College Shimane 690\u20108518 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--2--> Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto 606\u20108507 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Koyano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--3--> Riken Quantitative Biology Center Hyogo 650\u20100047 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u201062703\u2010709\u20109_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.20607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.5.1193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.12.5447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.22.10979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.12.4713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960\u20109822(00)00283\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1995.598994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.22527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859\u2010015\u20100691\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2MB25292A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859\u2010016\u20101110\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","unstructured":"Lafferty J. 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