{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T19:29:42Z","timestamp":1772652582256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003986","name":"Jacobs Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Intell Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-021-00276-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T13:51:20Z","timestamp":1635861080000},"page":"1025-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Moodoo the Tracker: Spatial Classroom Analytics for Characterising Teachers\u2019 Pedagogical Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Martinez-Maldonado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Echeverria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Mangaroska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonette","family":"Shibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Fernandez-Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Buckingham Shum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"276_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3351229","volume":"3","author":"K Ahuja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahuja, K., Kim, D., Xhakaj, F., Varga, V., Xie, A., Zhang, S., et al. (2019). EduSense: Practical Classroom Sensing at Scale. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 3(3), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3351229","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"issue":"5","key":"276_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s16050707","volume":"16","author":"A Alarifi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alarifi, A., Al-Salman, A., Alsaleh, M., Alnafessah, A., Al-Hadhrami, S., Al-Ammar, M., et al. (2016). Ultra wideband indoor positioning technologies: Analysis and recent advances. MDPI Sensors, 16(5), 1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16050707","journal-title":"MDPI Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10651-017-0383-1","volume":"25","author":"L Altieri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Altieri, L., Cocchi, D., & Roli, G. (2018). A new approach to spatial entropy measures. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 25(1), 95\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10651-017-0383-1","journal-title":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics"},{"key":"276_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, P., Bakker, S., Ordanovski, S., Paffen, C. L., Taconis, R., & Eggen, B. (2020). Dandelion Diagram: Aggregating Positioning and Orientation Data in the Visualization of Classroom Proxemics. In CHI'20 Extended Abstracts, 2020 (pp. In press).","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382795"},{"key":"276_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, P., Bakker, S., Ordanovski, S., Taconis, R., & Eggen, B. (2018). ClassBeacons: Designing Distributed Visualization of Teachers' Physical Proximity in the Classroom. Paper presented at the International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI'18, Stockholm, Sweden.","DOI":"10.1145\/3173225.3173243"},{"key":"276_CR6","first-page":"808","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Communication Theory","author":"P Andersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andersen, P. (2009). Proxemics. In S. W. Littlejohn & K. A. Foss (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Communication Theory (pp. 808\u2013808). SAGE Publications Inc."},{"key":"276_CR7","volume-title":"Learning to teach","author":"R Arends","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arends, R. (2014). Learning to teach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education."},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-018-0353-y","volume":"63","author":"TI Asino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asino, T. I., & Pulay, A. (2019). Student perceptions on the role of the classroom environment on computer supported collaborative learning. TechTrends, 63(2), 179\u2013187.","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"276_CR9","volume-title":"Practical illustrations of the principles of school architecture","author":"H Barnard","year":"1854","unstructured":"Barnard, H. (1854). Practical illustrations of the principles of school architecture. Norton."},{"issue":"4","key":"276_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-014-0202-2","volume":"16","author":"M Batty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Batty, M., Morphet, R., Masucci, P., & Stanilov, K. (2014). Entropy, complexity, and spatial information. Journal of Geographical Systems, 16(4), 363\u2013385.","journal-title":"Journal of Geographical Systems"},{"key":"276_CR11","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Learning analytics in education","author":"P Blikstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blikstein, P., & Worsley, M. (2018). Multimodal learning analytics and assessment of open-ended artifacts. In D. Niemi, R. D. Pea, B. Saxberg, & R. E. Clark (Eds.), Learning analytics in education (p. 89). IAP."},{"key":"276_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bosch, N., Mills, C., Wammes, J. D., & Smilek, D. (2018). Quantifying Classroom Instructor Dynamics with Computer Vision. Paper presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, AIED'18.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_3"},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2009.03.008","volume":"26","author":"LR Britton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Britton, L. R., & Anderson, K. A. (2010). Peer coaching and pre-service teachers: Examining an underutilised concept. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(2), 306\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tate.2009.03.008","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1996.78.1.331","volume":"78","author":"JM Burda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Burda, J. M., & Brooks, C. I. (1996). College classroom seating position and changes in achievement motivation over a semester. Psychological Reports, 78(1), 331\u2013336.","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/3292390.3292394","volume":"10","author":"MA Cheema","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheema, M. A. (2018). Indoor location-based services: Challenges and opportunities. SIGSPATIAL Special, 10(2), 10\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3292390.3292394","journal-title":"SIGSPATIAL Special"},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.24191\/ijmal.v1i1.7614","volume":"1","author":"HB Chin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chin, H. B., Mei, C. C. Y., & Taib, F. (2017). Instructional proxemics and its impact on classroom teaching and learning. International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1\u201320.","journal-title":"International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics"},{"key":"276_CR17","unstructured":"Chng, E., Seyam, R., Yao, W., & Schneider, B. (2020). Examining the Type and Diversity of Student Social Interactions in Makerspaces using Motion Sensors. Paper presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, AIED'20."},{"key":"276_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chua, Y. H. V., Dauwels, J., & Tan, S. C. (2019). Technologies for automated analysis of co-located, real-life, physical learning spaces: Where are we now? Paper presented at the International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, LAK'19, Tempe, AZ, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3303772.3303811"},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10508400903452884","volume":"19","author":"SJ Derry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Derry, S. J., Pea, R. D., Barron, B., Engle, R. A., Erickson, F., Goldman, R., et al. (2010). Conducting Video Research in the Learning Sciences: Guidance on Selection, Analysis, Technology, and Ethics. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 19(1), 3\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508400903452884","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"276_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12288","volume":"34","author":"D Di Mitri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Mitri, D., Schneider, J., Specht, M., & Drachsler, H. (2018). From signals to knowledge: A conceptual model for multimodal learning analytics. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(4), 338\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12288","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"276_CR21","unstructured":"Dillenbourg, P., Zufferey, G., Alavi, H., Jermann, P., Do-Lenh, S., Bonnard, Q., et al. (2011). Classroom orchestration: The third circle of usability. Paper presented at the International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, CSCL'11, Hong Kong, July 4\u20138."},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3200\/CTCH.56.1.11-16","volume":"56","author":"K Dugan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dugan, K., & Letterman, M. (2008). Student appraisals of collaborative teaching. College Teaching, 56(1), 11\u201315.","journal-title":"College Teaching"},{"key":"276_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Echeverria, V., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Power, T., Hayes, C., & Shum, S. B. (2018). Where Is the Nurse? Towards Automatically Visualising Meaningful Team Movement in Healthcare Education. Paper presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, AIED'18, London, UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93846-2_14"},{"key":"276_CR24","unstructured":"Ellis, J., Deshler, J., & Speer, N. (2016). Supporting institutional change: A two-pronged approach related to graduate teaching assistant professional development. Paper presented at the 19th Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education."},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR25","first-page":"66","volume":"10","author":"AC Fernandes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fernandes, A. C., Huang, J., & Rinaldo, V. (2011). Does Where A Student Sits Really Matter\u202f?-The Impact of Seating Locations on Student Classroom Learning. International Journal of Applied Educational Studies, 10(1), 66\u201377.","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Educational Studies"},{"key":"276_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203739051","volume-title":"Spatial analytical perspectoves on GIS","author":"MM Fischer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fischer, M. M. (2019). Spatial analytical perspectoves on GIS. Routledge."},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR27","first-page":"51","volume":"32","author":"JA Fletcher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fletcher, J. A. (2018). Peer observation of teaching: A practical tool in higher education. The Journal of Faculty Development, 32(1), 51\u201364.","journal-title":"The Journal of Faculty Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/0888406414529308","volume":"38","author":"M Friend","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friend, M., Embury, D. C., & Clarke, L. (2015). Co-teaching versus apprentice teaching: An analysis of similarities and differences. Teacher Education and Special Education, 38(2), 79\u201387.","journal-title":"Teacher Education and Special Education"},{"key":"276_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gastwirth, J. L. (1972). The estimation of the Lorenz curve and Gini index. The review of economics statistics, 306\u2013316.","DOI":"10.2307\/1937992"},{"key":"276_CR30","unstructured":"Gerritsen, D., Zimmerman, J., & Ogan, A. (2018). Towards a Framework for Smart Classrooms that Teach Instructors to Teach. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences, ICLS'18."},{"key":"276_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghahfarokhi, B. S., Sivaraman, A., & VanLehn, K. (2020). Toward an Automatic Speech Classifier for the Teacher. Paper presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52240-7_51"},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299706400101","volume":"64","author":"MF Giangreco","year":"1997","unstructured":"Giangreco, M. F., Edelman, S. W., Luiselli, T. E., & Macfarland, S. Z. C. (1997). Helping or Hovering? Effects of Instructional Assistant Proximity on Students with Disabilities. Exceptional Children, 64(1), 7\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001440299706400101","journal-title":"Exceptional Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"276_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152616","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152616","volume":"11","author":"\u00d8 Gl\u00f8ersen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gl\u00f8ersen, \u00d8., & Federolf, P. (2016). Predicting missing marker trajectories in human motion data using marker intercorrelations. PloS one, 11(3), e0152616.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR34","first-page":"109","volume":"21","author":"KJ Graziano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graziano, K. J., & Navarrete, L. A. (2012). Co-teaching in a teacher education classroom: Collaboration, compromise, and creativity. Issues in Teacher Education, 21(1), 109\u2013126.","journal-title":"Issues in Teacher Education"},{"issue":"15","key":"276_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.3390\/su11154005","volume":"11","author":"S Griffiths","year":"2019","unstructured":"Griffiths, S., Wong, M. S., Kwok, C. Y. T., Kam, R., Lam, S. C., Yang, L., et al. (2019). Exploring Bluetooth Beacon Use Cases in Teaching and Learning: Increasing the Sustainability of Physical Learning Spaces. Sustainability, 11(15), 4005.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/004005999502800103","volume":"28","author":"PL Gunter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gunter, P. L., Shores, R. E., Jack, S. L., Rasmussen, S. K., & Flowers, J. (1995). On the Move Using Teacher\/Student Proximity to Improve Students\u2019 Behavior. Teaching Exceptional Children, 28(1), 12\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/004005999502800103","journal-title":"Teaching Exceptional Children"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"276_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1086\/200975","volume":"9","author":"ET Hall","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hall, E. T., Birdwhistell, R. L., Bock, B., Bohannan, P., Richard Diebold, A., Jr., Durbin, M., et al. (1968). Proxemics [and Comments and Replies]. Current Anthropology, 9(2\/3), 83\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/200975","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"issue":"6","key":"276_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.21214","volume":"52","author":"Z Hazari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hazari, Z., Cass, C., & Beattie, C. (2015). Obscuring power structures in the physics classroom: Linking teacher positioning, student engagement, and physics identity development. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 52(6), 735\u2013762.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching"},{"key":"276_CR39","volume-title":"An Investigation of Instructor Use of Space","author":"MW Hesler","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hesler, M. W. (1972). An Investigation of Instructor Use of Space. Purdue University."},{"key":"276_CR40","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The impact of school environments: A literature review. Report","author":"S Higgins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Higgins, S., Hall, E., Wall, K., Woolner, P., & McCaughey, C. (2005). The impact of school environments: A literature review. Report (pp. 1\u201345). Design Council."},{"key":"276_CR41","volume-title":"Aboriginal Trackers: Tracking Throughout Australian History","author":"M Hol\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hol\u00edkov\u00e1, M. (2012). Aboriginal Trackers: Tracking Throughout Australian History. Masaryk University."},{"key":"276_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2018). The Classrooom as a Dashboard: Co-designing Wearable Cognitive Augmentation for K-12 Teachers. Paper presented at the International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, LAK'18.","DOI":"10.1145\/3170358.3170377"},{"issue":"CSCW","key":"276_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Sang, Y., Wu, Q., & Yao, Y. (2019). Higher Education Check-Ins: Exploring the User Experience of Hybrid Location Sensing. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 3(CSCW), 1\u201326.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"276_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutt, S., Krasich, K., Mills, C., Bosch, N., White, S. M., Brockmole, J. R., et al. (2019). Automated Gaze-Based Mind Wandering Detection during Computerized Learning in Classrooms. Journal of User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-019-09228-5"},{"key":"276_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, E., Dale, M., Donnelly, P. J., Stone, C., Kelly, S., Godley, A., et al. (2020). Toward Automated Feedback on Teacher Discourse to Enhance Teacher Learning. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376418"},{"key":"276_CR46","volume-title":"Fred Jones tools for teaching: Discipline, instruction, motivation","author":"FH Jones","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jones, F. H., Jones, P., & Jones, J. L. (2007). Fred Jones tools for teaching: Discipline, instruction, motivation. Fredric H Jones & Assocs."},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2190\/EC.40.2.d","volume":"40","author":"JHL Koh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koh, J. H. L., & Frick, T. W. (2009). Instructor and Student Classroom Interactions during Technology Skills Instruction for Facilitating Preservice Teachers\u2019 Computer Self-Efficacy. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 40(2), 211\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/EC.40.2.d","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"276_CR48","volume-title":"Discipline and group management in classrooms","author":"JS Kounin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kounin, J. S. (1970). Discipline and group management in classrooms. Holt, Rinehart and Winston."},{"key":"276_CR49","volume-title":"English in urban classrooms: A multimodal perspective on teaching and learning","author":"GR Kress","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kress, G. R., Franks, A., Jewitt, C., & Bourne, J. (2005). English in urban classrooms: A multimodal perspective on teaching and learning. Psychology Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/0305764X.2012.676629","volume":"42","author":"FV Lim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lim, F. V., O\u2019Halloran, K. L., & Podlasov, A. (2012). Spatial pedagogy: Mapping meanings in the use of classroom space. Cambridge Journal of Education, 42(2), 235\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0305764X.2012.676629","journal-title":"Cambridge Journal of Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"276_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213479367","volume":"57","author":"L Lockyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lockyer, L., Heathcote, E., & Dawson, S. (2013). Informing pedagogical action: Aligning learning analytics with learning design. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(10), 1439\u20131459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764213479367","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"276_CR52","volume-title":"Machine learning and human intelligence: The future of education for the 21st century","author":"R Luckin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luckin, R. (2018). Machine learning and human intelligence: The future of education for the 21st century. UCL IOE Press."},{"key":"276_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marini, G. (2019). Towards indoor localisation analytics for modelling flows of movements. Paper presented at the Adjunct Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, London, United Kingdom.","DOI":"10.1145\/3341162.3349306"},{"issue":"1\/4","key":"276_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1515\/semi.2001.056","volume":"135","author":"R Martinec","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martinec, R. (2001). Interpersonal resources in action. Semiotica, 135(1\/4), 117\u2013146.","journal-title":"Semiotica"},{"issue":"3","key":"276_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-019-09308-z","volume":"14","author":"R Martinez-Maldonado","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2019a). A handheld classroom dashboard: Teachers\u2019 perspectives on the use of real-time collaborative learning analytics. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 14(3), 383\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11412-019-09308-z","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"276_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2019b). I Spent More Time with that Team: Making Spatial Pedagogy Visible Using Positioning Sensors. Paper presented at the International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, LAK'19.","DOI":"10.1145\/3303772.3303818"},{"key":"276_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Maldonado, R., Echeverria, V., Santos, O. C., Dos Santos, A. D. P., & Yacef, K. (2018). Physical learning analytics: A multimodal perspective. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, LAK 2018.","DOI":"10.1145\/3170358.3170379"},{"key":"276_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Maldonado, R., Echeverria, V., Schulte, J., Shibani, A., Mangaroska, K., & Shum, S. B. (2020a) Moodoo: indoor positioning analytics for characterising classroom teaching. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, (pp. 360\u2013373): Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_29"},{"key":"276_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Maldonado, R., Fernandez, G., Echeverria, V., & Buckingham Shum, S. (2020b). From Data to Insights: A Layered Storytelling Approach for Multimodal LearningAnalytics. Paper presented at the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI'20, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376148"},{"key":"276_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Maldonado, R., Mangaroska, K., Schulte, J., Elliott, D., Axisa, C., & Buckingham Shum, S. (2020c). Teacher Tracking with Integrity: What Indoor Positioning Can Tell About Instructional Proxemics. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (UBICOMP), in press.","DOI":"10.1145\/3381017"},{"key":"276_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez\u2010Maldonado, R., Schulte, J., Echeverria, V., Gopalan, Y., & Shum, S. B. (2020d). Where is the teacher? Digital analytics for classroom proxemics. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12444"},{"key":"276_CR62","volume-title":"Instructional Proxemics: Creating a place for space in instructional communication discourse","author":"J Mcarthur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mcarthur, J. (2008). Instructional Proxemics: Creating a place for space in instructional communication discourse. Clemson University."},{"issue":"1","key":"276_CR63","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"JA McArthur","year":"2015","unstructured":"McArthur, J. A. (2015). Matching Instructors and Spaces of Learning: The Impact of Space on Behavioral, Affective and Cognitive Learning. Journal of Learning Spaces, 4(1), 1\u201316.","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Spaces"},{"issue":"3","key":"276_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3351233","volume":"3","author":"MB Morshed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morshed, M. B., Saha, K., Li, R., D\u2019Mello, S. K., De Choudhury, M., Abowd, G. D., et al. (2019). Prediction of mood instability with passive sensing. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 3(3), 1\u201321.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"key":"276_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motohashi, Y., Sato-Shimokawara, E., Chan, R. Y.-Y., Zhou, N., & Yamaguchi, T. (2017). Using iBeacon to detect user behavior from indoor physical movement. Paper presented at the 2017 IEEE\/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII).","DOI":"10.1109\/SII.2017.8279320"},{"key":"276_CR66","volume-title":"Physical analytics: A new frontier for (indoor) location research. Technical Report MSR-TR-2013-107","author":"R Nandakumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nandakumar, R., Rallapalli, S., Chintalapudi, K., Padmanabhan, V. N., Qiu, L., Ganesan, A., et al. (2013). Physical analytics: A new frontier for (indoor) location research. Technical Report MSR-TR-2013-107. Microsoft."},{"issue":"4","key":"276_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14221\/ajte.2014v39n4.4","volume":"39","author":"SC O'Neill","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, S. C., & Stephenson, J. (2014). Evidence-based classroom and behaviour management content in Australian pre-service primary teachers\u2019 coursework: Wherefore art thou? Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(4), 1\u201322.","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Teacher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12232","volume":"34","author":"LP Prieto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prieto, L. P., Sharma, K., Kidzinski, \u0141, Rodr\u00edguez-Triana, M. J., & Dillenbourg, P. (2018). Multimodal teaching analytics: Automated extraction of orchestration graphs from wearable sensor data. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(2), 193\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12232","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"276_CR69","unstructured":"Raca, M., Kidzinski, L., & Dillenbourg, P. (2015). Translating head motion into attention-towards processing of student\u2019s body-language. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, EDM'15."},{"key":"276_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125776","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3008327","volume":"8","author":"F Riquelme","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riquelme, F., Noel, R., Cornide-Reyes, H., Geldes, G., Cechinel, C., Miranda, D., et al. (2020). Where are you? Exploring micro-location in indoor learning environments. IEEE Access, 8, 125776\u2013125785.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"276_CR71","volume-title":"A Naturalistic Study in Proxemics: Seating Arrangement and its Effect on Interaction, Performance, and Behavior","author":"GN Rubin","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rubin, G. N. (1972). A Naturalistic Study in Proxemics: Seating Arrangement and its Effect on Interaction, Performance, and Behavior. Bowling Green State University."},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-016-0103-2","volume":"26","author":"OC Santos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santos, O. C. (2016). Training the body: The potential of AIED to support personalized motor skills learning. [journal article]. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 730\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-016-0103-2","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"276_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3161172","volume":"1","author":"N Saquib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saquib, N., Bose, A., George, D., & Kamvar, S. (2018). Sensei: Sensing educational interaction. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 1(4), 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3161172","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"key":"276_CR74","volume-title":"Learning teaching","author":"J Scrivener","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scrivener, J. (2005). Learning teaching. Hueber Verlag GmbH and Company KG."},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2164-6163.1975.tb00192.x","volume":"14","author":"JM Seals","year":"1975","unstructured":"Seals, J. M., & Kaufman, P. A. (1975). Effects of nonverbal behavior on student attitudes in the college classroom. Humanist Educator, 14(2), 51\u201355.","journal-title":"Humanist Educator"},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/019874299301800207","volume":"18","author":"RE Shores","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shores, R. E., Gunter, P. L., & Jack, S. L. (1993). Classroom management strategies: Are they setting events for coercion? Behavioral Disorders, 18(2), 92\u2013102.","journal-title":"Behavioral Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"276_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/0309877042000206778","volume":"28","author":"S Shortland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shortland, S. (2004). Peer observation: A tool for staff development or compliance? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 28(2), 219\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0309877042000206778","journal-title":"Journal of Further and Higher Education"},{"key":"276_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45853-3_4","volume-title":"Collaboration Meets Interactive Spaces","author":"M Sousa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sousa, M., Mendes, D., Medeiros, D., Ferreira, A., Pereira, J. M., & Jorge, J. (2016). Remote Proxemics. In C. Anslow, P. Campos, & J. Jorge (Eds.), Collaboration Meets Interactive Spaces (pp. 47\u201373). Springer International Publishing."},{"issue":"4","key":"276_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/87567550309596426","volume":"51","author":"KE Vogler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vogler, K. E., & Long, E. (2003). Team teaching two sections of the same undergraduate course: A case study. College Teaching, 51(4), 122\u2013126.","journal-title":"College Teaching"},{"key":"276_CR80","unstructured":"Wake, J., Wasson, B., Bj\u00f8rgen, E., & Heims\u00e6ter, F. (2019). Supporting firefighter training through visualising indoor positioning, motion and time use data. Paper presented at the WiPe Paper \u2013 Workshop on Advance Technologies for First Responders at International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM'19, Valencia, Spain."},{"issue":"4","key":"276_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi4042638","volume":"4","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, J., Hu, A., Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2015). An improved PDR\/magnetometer\/floor map integration algorithm for ubiquitous positioning using the adaptive unscented Kalman filter. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(4), 2638\u20132659.","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"},{"key":"276_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe, E., Ozeki, T., & Kohama, T. (2018). Analysis of interactions between lecturers and students. Paper presented at the International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, LAK'18.","DOI":"10.1145\/3170358.3170360"},{"issue":"4","key":"276_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/08878730709555409","volume":"42","author":"FH Waters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Waters, F. H., & Burcroff, T. L. (2007). Collaborative teaching at the university level: Practicing what is preached. The Teacher Educator, 42(4), 304\u2013315.","journal-title":"The Teacher Educator"},{"key":"276_CR84","volume-title":"Sensemaking in organizations","author":"KE Weick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations (Vol. 3). Sage."},{"key":"276_CR85","unstructured":"Worsley, M., Abrahamson, D., Blikstein, P., Grover, S., Schneider, B., & Tissenbaum, M. Situating multimodal learning analytics. In Transforming learning, empowering learners,\" Proceedings of the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2016), 2016 (Vol. 2, pp. 1346\u20131349)."},{"key":"276_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zawacki-Richter, O., Mar\u00edn, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education \u2013 where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(39), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-019-0171-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0171-0"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40593-021-00276-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40593-021-00276-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40593-021-00276-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T18:12:11Z","timestamp":1772647931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40593-021-00276-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-021-00276-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1560-4292","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-4306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}