{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:02:09Z","timestamp":1784822529583,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":233,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T14:33:32Z","timestamp":1739284412000},"page":"967-986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Intelligent Textbooks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sergey","family":"Sosnovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Brusilovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib1","series-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards the identification of propaedeutic relations in textbooks","author":"Adorni","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Interlingua: Linking textbooks across different languages","author":"Alpizar-Chacon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib3","first-page":"4","article-title":"Integrating textbooks with smart interactive content for learning programming","author":"Alpizar-Chacon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib4","first-page":"4","article-title":"Transformation of pdf textbooks into intelligent educational resources","author":"Alpizar-Chacon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2020)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/13614568.2021.1889692","article-title":"Knowledge models from pdf textbooks","volume":"27","author":"Alpizar-Chacon","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib6","article-title":"Digging into prerequisite annotation","author":"Alzetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2020)."},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib7","first-page":"78","article-title":"Digitalizing educational workbooks and collecting handwritten answers for automatic scoring","author":"Asakura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 24nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2023)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib8","first-page":"219","article-title":"Free is not enough","author":"Baraniuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib9","first-page":"30","article-title":"Reading mirror: Social navigation and social comparison for electronic textbooks","author":"Barria-Pineda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib10","first-page":"77","article-title":"Augmenting digital textbooks with reusable smart learning content: Solutions and challenges","author":"Barria-Pineda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings o the Fourth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 23nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib11","article-title":"#let\u2019s-discuss: Analyzing students\u2019 use of emoji when interacting with course readings","author":"Blobstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (This Special Issue)."},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib12","first-page":"26","article-title":"Kwame for science: An ai teaching assistant based on sentence-bert for science education in west africa","author":"Boateng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 23rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib13","article-title":"Learning objects based adaptive textbooks with dynamic traversal for quantum cryptography","author":"Bommanapally","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2020)."},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1145\/1013367.1013386","article-title":"Knowledgetree: A distributed architecture for adaptive e-learning","author":"Brusilovsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International World Wide Web Conference on Alternate track papers & posters"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib15","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (EWHCI\u201993)","first-page":"348","article-title":"Towards an adaptive hypermedia component for an intelligent learning environment","author":"Brusilovsky","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/aaai.12061","article-title":"The return of intelligent textbooks","volume":"43","author":"Brusilovsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v34i3.2486","article-title":"Inquire biology: A textbook that answers questions","volume":"34","author":"Chaudhri","year":"2013","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2021.1943453","article-title":"Interactive features of e-texts\u2019 effects on learning: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Clinton-Lisell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib19","unstructured":"CNN (2023). These books are being used to train ai. no one told the authors. Online: https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2023\/10\/08\/style\/ai-books3-authors-nora-roberts-cec\/index.html"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib20","first-page":"11","article-title":"Using intelligent texts in a computer science classroom: Findings from an iTELL deployment","author":"Crossley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Eucational Data Mining in Computer Science Education Workshop 2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/13614569808914698","article-title":"AHA! an open adaptive hypermedia architecture","volume":"4","author":"De Bra","year":"1998","journal-title":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib22","first-page":"26","article-title":"Reading comprehension quiz generation using generative pre-trained transformers","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 23rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib23","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems (AH 2004)","first-page":"85","article-title":"The personal reader: Personalizing and enriching learning resources using semantic web technologies","author":"Dolog","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1145\/1013367.1013395","article-title":"Personalization in distributed e-learning environments","author":"Dolog","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference on Alternate track papers & posters"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib25","first-page":"45","article-title":"Generation of assessment questions from textbooks enriched with knowledge models","author":"Dresscher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib26","series-title":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Runestone: A platform for free, on-line, and interactive ebooks","author":"Ericson","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/13614560802357172","article-title":"Annotated: A social navigation and annotation service for web-based educational resources","volume":"14","author":"Farzan","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Review in Hypermedia and Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib28","first-page":"117","article-title":"Tobbits calculation workbook: An offline-to-online intelligent textbook","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10,344","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.557","article-title":"SyllabusQA: A course logistics question answering dataset","author":"Fernandez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"The shift from static college textbooks to customizable content: A case study at zybooks","author":"Gordon","year":"2021","journal-title":"2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib31","series-title":"Proceedings of the 8th European Conference, on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2013)","first-page":"125","article-title":"When one textbook is not enough: Linking multiple textbooks using probabilistic topic models","author":"Guerra","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib32","unstructured":"Gunasekar, S., Zhang, Y., Aneja, J., et al. (2023). Textbooks are all you need. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.11644"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib33","first-page":"26","article-title":"Adaptive hyperbooks for constructivist teaching","volume":"13","author":"Henze","year":"1999","journal-title":"K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib34","first-page":"3","article-title":"Analyzing student session data in an etextbook","author":"Heo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 24nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2023)"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00143965","article-title":"Hypadapter: An adaptive hypertext system for exploratory learning and programming","volume":"6","author":"Hohl","year":"1996","journal-title":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib36","first-page":"92","article-title":"Enriching intelligent textbooks with interactivity: When smart content allocation goes wrong","author":"Javadian Sabet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 23nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib37","article-title":"Automatic question generation for spanish textbooks: Evaluating spanish questions generated with the parallel construction method","author":"Jonnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (This Special Issue)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2004.833294","article-title":"Fuzzy user modeling for adaptation in educational hypermedia","volume":"34","author":"Kavcic","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib39","unstructured":"Khan Academy (2023). Khamigo: Khan academy\u2019s ai-powered teaching assistant. Online: https:\/\/blog.khanacademy.org\/teacher-khanmigo\/"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib40","article-title":"Using semantics of textbook highlights to predict student comprehension and knowledge retention","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)."},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib41","first-page":"67","article-title":"Inferring student comprehension from highlighting patterns in digital textbooks: An exploration in an authentic learning platform","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2020)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib42","first-page":"124","article-title":"Adding intelligence to a textbook for human anatomy with a causal concept map based its","author":"Kluga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib43","series-title":"Innovating pedagogy 2024. Tech. rep.","author":"Kukulska-Hulme","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib44","unstructured":"Levonian, Z., Li, C., Zhu, W., Gade, A., Henkel, O., Postle, M. E., & Xing, W. (2023). Retrieval-augmented generation to improve math question-answering: Trade-offs between groundedness and human preference. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.03184"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.5002","article-title":"Learning concept graphs from online educational data","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib46","first-page":"5602","article-title":"Mathdial: A dialogue tutoring dataset with rich pedagogical properties grounded in math reasoning problems","author":"Macina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib47","first-page":"17","article-title":"Automated matching of its problems with textbook content","author":"Matayoshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2020)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2006.00613.x","article-title":"Semantic-aware components and services of activemath","volume":"37","author":"Melis","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib49","first-page":"135","article-title":"Using programmed instruction to help students engage with etextbook content","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib50","article-title":"Formative feedback on student-authored summaries in intelligent textbooks using large language models","author":"Morris","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (This Special Issue)."},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib51","article-title":"Generating multiple choice questions from a textbook: LLMs match human performance on most metrics","author":"Olney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Empowering Education with LLMs - the Next-Gen Interface and Content Generation at 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2023)."},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib52","unstructured":"OpenAI (2024). Hello gpt-4o. Online: https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/hello-gpt-4o\/"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib53","first-page":"50","article-title":"Towards a pedagogical framework for designing and developing itextbooks","author":"Ou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 23nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024746731130","article-title":"Personalising the interaction in a web-based educational hypermedia system: the case of INSPIRE","volume":"13","author":"Papanikolaou","year":"2003","journal-title":"User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib55","first-page":"18","article-title":"Visualisation analysis for exploring prerequisite relations in textbooks","author":"Passalacqua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib56","article-title":"The mobile fact and concept textbook system (MoFaCTS)","author":"Pavlik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2020)."},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib57","first-page":"66","article-title":"Harnessing textbooks for high-quality labeled data: An approach to automatic keyword extraction","author":"Pozzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2023)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib58","first-page":"81","article-title":"Bbookx: Creating semi-automated textbooks to support student learning and decrease student costs","author":"Pursel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib59","first-page":"50","article-title":"Using knowledge graph for explainable recommendation of external content in electronic textbooks","author":"Rahdari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2020)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib60","series-title":"Computer-Assisted Medical Decision Making","first-page":"214","article-title":"Towards an intelligent textbook of neurology","author":"Reggia","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib61","first-page":"87","article-title":"What\u2019s a textbook? envisioning the 21st century k-12 text","author":"Ritter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib62","series-title":"Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Education","first-page":"606","article-title":"The great challenges and opportunities of the next 20 years.","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib63","first-page":"88","article-title":"Converting physical textbooks into interactive and immersive \u201cphygital\u201d textbooks: A proposed system architecture design for textbook companion apps","author":"Saindane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 24nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2023)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib64","first-page":"64","article-title":"Interactions of reading and assessment activities","author":"Seidel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 23nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib65","series-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023","first-page":"1941","article-title":"Class: A design framework for building intelligent tutoring systems based on learning science principles","author":"Sonkar","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib66","series-title":"Math-Bridge: Closing gaps in European remedial mathematics with technology-enhanced learning.","first-page":"437","author":"Sosnovsky","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib67","unstructured":"Sosnovsky, S., Brusilovsky, P., & Lan, A. (Eds.) (2022). Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks, CEUR-WS. Available at https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-3192\/"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib68","unstructured":"Sosnovsky, S., Brusilovsky, P., & Lan, A. (Eds.) (2023). Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks, CEUR-WS. Available at https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-3444\/"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib69","unstructured":"Sosnovsky, S., Brusilovsky, P., Baraniuk, R., et al, (Eds.) (2020). Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks, CEUR-WS. Available at https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2674\/"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib70","unstructured":"Sosnovsky, S., Brusilovsky, P., Baraniuk, R., et al. (Eds.) (2019). Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks, CEUR-WS. Available at https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2384\/"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib71","unstructured":"Sosnovsky, S., Brusilovsky, P., Baraniuk, R., et al. (Eds.) (2021). Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks, CEUR-WS. Available at https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2895\/"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib72","series-title":"Proceedings of the 7th European Conference of Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2012)","first-page":"425","article-title":"Adaptation \u201cin the wild\u201d: Ontology-based personalization of open-corpus learning material","author":"Sosnovsky","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib73","first-page":"54","article-title":"Toward eliminating hallucinations: GPT-based explanatory ai for intelligent textbooks and documentation","author":"Sovrano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at the 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2023)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib74","first-page":"31","article-title":"Yai4edu: An explanatory ai to generate interactive e-books for education","author":"Sovrano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 23nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib75","article-title":"How to improve the explanatory power of an intelligent textbook: A case study in legal writing","author":"Sovranom","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (This Special Issue)."},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib76","first-page":"19","article-title":"Dental tutorbot: Bringing dental textbooks to life","author":"Tauqeer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib77","first-page":"95","article-title":"Student modeling with automatic knowledge component extraction for adaptive textbooks","author":"Thaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2019)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib78","first-page":"233","article-title":"Recommending remedial readings using student\u2019s knowledge state","author":"Thaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2020)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib79","series-title":"Pedagogically founded courseware generation for web-based learning: An HTN-planning-based approach implemented in PAIGOS.","author":"Ullrich","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib80","first-page":"60","article-title":"Transforming textbooks into learning by doing environments: An evaluation of textbook-based automatic question generation","author":"Van Campenhout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1145\/2682571.2797062","article-title":"Concept hierarchy extraction from textbooks","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.naacl-long.120","article-title":"Bridging the novice-expert gap via models of decision-making: A case study on remediating math mistakes","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib83","first-page":"88","article-title":"A relationship selection task","author":"Waters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-015-0066-8","article-title":"ELM-ART - an interactive and intelligent web-based electronic textbook","volume":"26","author":"Weber","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib85","first-page":"431","article-title":"Can textbook annotations serve as an early predictor of student learning?","author":"Winchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2018)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib86","first-page":"74","article-title":"Contextual definition generation","author":"Yarbro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1543077","article-title":"Exploring the relationships between reading behavior patterns and learning outcomes based on log data from e-books: A human factor approach","volume":"35","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib88","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth (2017) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","first-page":"319","article-title":"Using student annotated hashtags and emojis to collect nuanced affective states","author":"Zhang","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9_bib89","first-page":"62","article-title":"Using digital textbooks as knowledge base to detect student idea development in collaborative discourse","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks at 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2020)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1560429226001502?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1560429226001502?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T06:50:17Z","timestamp":1779087017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1560429226001502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1560429226001502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1560-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1560-4292","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intelligent Textbooks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00451-9","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2025 International Artificial Intelligence in Education Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}