{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T23:03:38Z","timestamp":1773702218651,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Intell Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00456-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T17:31:03Z","timestamp":1736443863000},"page":"1887-1912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Students\u2019 Perceptions: Exploring the Interplay of Ethical and Pedagogical Impacts for Adopting AI in Higher Education"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9044-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingyi","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3674-2108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadia","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9044-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7522-1842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"456_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, A., Schneider, J., Griffiths, D., Biedermann, D., Schiffner, D., Greller, W., & Drachsler, H. (2022). Connecting the dots\u2013A literature review on learning analytics indicators from a learning design perspective. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12716"},{"key":"456_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altun, D., Krauss, C., Streicher, A., Mueller, C., Atorf, D., Rerhaye, L., & Kunde, D. (2022). Lessons Learned from Creating, Implementing and Evaluating Assisted E-Learning Incorporating Adaptivity, Recommendations and Learning Analytics. International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-05887-5_18"},{"issue":"4","key":"456_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-021-00285-9","volume":"32","author":"RS Baker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baker, R. S., & Hawn, A. (2022). Algorithmic bias in education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(4), 1052\u20131092.","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"456_CR5","first-page":"185","volume":"19","author":"RS Baker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baker, R. S., Walonoski, J., Heffernan, N., Roll, I., Corbett, A., & Koedinger, K. (2008). Why students engage in gaming the system behavior in interactive learning environments. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19(2), 185\u2013224.","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Learning Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"456_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.12.003","volume":"68","author":"RS Baker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baker, R. S., D\u2019Mello, S. K., Rodrigo, M. M. T., & Graesser, A. C. (2010). Better to be frustrated than bored: The incidence, persistence, and impact of learners\u2019 cognitive\u2013affective states during interactions with three different computer-based learning environments. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 68(4), 223\u2013241.","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"456_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer, M. W., Gaskell, G., & Allum, N. C. (2000). Quality, quantity and knowledge interests: Avoiding confusions. Qualitative researching with text, image and sound, 3\u201318.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849209731"},{"key":"456_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blythe, M., Encinas, E., Kaye, J., Avery, M. L., McCabe, R., & Andersen, K. (2018). Imaginary Design Workbooks: Constructive Criticism and Practical Provocation Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal QC, Canada. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3173574.3173807","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173807"},{"issue":"1","key":"456_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-015-9636-2","volume":"22","author":"J Borenstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borenstein, J., & Arkin, R. (2016). Robotic nudges: The ethics of engineering a more socially just human being. Science and Engineering Ethics, 22(1), 31\u201346.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"456_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000004491","volume":"33","author":"G Botschen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Botschen, G., Thelen, E. M., & Pieters, R. (1999). Using means-end structures for benefit segmentation: An application to services. European Journal of Marketing, 33(1\/2), 38\u201358.","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"456_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boud, D., & Cohen, R. (2014). Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315042565"},{"issue":"2","key":"456_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"456_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676x.2019.1628806","volume":"11","author":"V Braun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2159676x.2019.1628806","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health"},{"key":"456_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11209-y","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, X., Zou, D., Xie, H., Chen, G., Lin, J., & Cheng, G. (2022). Exploring contributors, collaborations, and research topics in educational technology: A joint analysis of mainstream conferences. Education and Information Technologies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11209-y","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"6","key":"456_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.6164","volume":"36","author":"JA Clark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clark, J. A., Liu, Y., & Isaias, P. (2020). Critical success factors for implementing learning analytics in higher education: A mixed-method inquiry. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(6), 89\u2013106.","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"456_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke, V., Braun, V., Frith, H., & Moller, N. (2019). Editorial introduction to the special issue: Using story completion methods in qualitative research (Vol. 16, pp. 1\u201320). Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2018.1536378"},{"issue":"3","key":"456_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/1477878517734450","volume":"15","author":"M Clayton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clayton, M., & Halliday, D. (2017). Big data and the liberal conception of education. Theory and Research in Education, 15(3), 290\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1477878517734450","journal-title":"Theory and Research in Education"},{"key":"456_CR17","unstructured":"Colvin, C., Rogers, T., Wade, A., Dawson, S., Gasevic, D., Shum, B., Nelson, S., Alexander, K., Lockyer, S., L., & Kennedy, G. (2016). Student retention and learning analytics: A snapshot of Australian practices and a framework for advancement. Australian Government - Office for Learning and Teaching."},{"key":"456_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrin, L., de Barba, P. G., & Brooker, A. (2022). Understanding the learner perspective to inform institutional learning analytics strategy and practice. Handbook of Digital Higher Education (pp. 248\u2013259). Edward Elgar Publishing.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781800888494.00031"},{"key":"456_CR19","unstructured":"Dunne, A., & Raby, F. (2013). Speculative everything: Design, fiction, and social dreaming. MIT Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"456_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-014-0822-x","volume":"59","author":"D Ga\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D., Dawson, S., & Siemens, G. (2015). Let\u2019s not forget: Learning analytics are about learning. TechTrends, 59(1), 64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-014-0822-x","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"issue":"2","key":"456_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2017.42.10","volume":"4","author":"D Ga\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D., Jovanovic, J., Pardo, A., & Dawson, S. (2017). Detecting learning strategies with analytics: Links with self-reported measures and academic performance. Journal of Learning Analytics, 4(2), 113\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18608\/jla.2017.42.10","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Analytics"},{"key":"456_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203793206"},{"issue":"12","key":"456_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5467","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125467","volume":"11","author":"V Gonz\u00e1lez-Calatayud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Calatayud, V., Prendes-Espinosa, P., & Roig-Vila, R. (2021). Artificial Intelligence for Student Assessment: A systematic review. Applied Sciences, 11(12), 5467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11125467","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"456_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hakimi, L., Eynon, R., & Murphy, V. A. (2021). The Ethics of Using Digital Trace Data in Education: A thematic review of the Research Landscape. Review of Educational Research, 00346543211020116.","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543211020116"},{"key":"456_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, B., Buchanan, G., & Mckay, D. (2022). Learning in the Panopticon: Examining the Potential Impacts of AI Monitoring on Students. Proceedings of the 34th Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction.","DOI":"10.1145\/3572921.3572937"},{"key":"456_CR26","unstructured":"Holmes, W., Anastopoulou, S., Schaumburg, H., & Mavrikis, M. (2018a). Technology-enhanced personalised learning: Untangling the evidence."},{"key":"456_CR27","unstructured":"Holmes, W., Bektik, D., Woolf, B., & Luckin, R. (2018b). June 27\u201330). Ethics in AIED: Who cares? Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED), London, UK."},{"key":"456_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Shum, S. B., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., & Bittencourt, I. I. (2021). Ethics of AI in education: Towards a community-wide Framework. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-021-00239-1"},{"key":"456_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2018). Student Learning Benefits of a Mixed-Reality Teacher Awareness Tool in AI-Enhanced Classrooms. In C. Penstein Ros\u00e9, R. Mart\u00ednez-Maldonado, H. U. Hoppe, R. Luckin, M. Mavrikis, K. Porayska-Pomsta, B. McLaren, & B. du Boulay, Artificial Intelligence in Education Cham.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_12"},{"key":"456_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2019). Co-designing a real-time classroom orchestration tool to support teacher\u2013AI complementarity. Journal of Learning Analytics, 6(2).","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2019.62.3"},{"key":"456_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-017-9329-9","volume":"23","author":"JA Howell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howell, J. A., Roberts, L. D., Seaman, K., & Gibson, D. C. (2018). Are we on our way to becoming a Helicopter University? Academics\u2019 views on learning analytics. Technology Knowledge and Learning, 23, 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-017-9329-9","journal-title":"Technology Knowledge and Learning"},{"key":"456_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khalil, M., Prinsloo, P., & Slade, S. (2022). A Comparison of Learning Analytics Frameworks: a Systematic Review LAK22: 12th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, Online, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3506860.3506878","DOI":"10.1145\/3506860.3506878"},{"issue":"3","key":"456_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/0959353595053004","volume":"5","author":"C Kitzinger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kitzinger, C., & Powell, D. (1995). Engendering infidelity: Essentialist and social constructionist readings of a story completion task. Feminism & Psychology, 5(3), 345\u2013372.","journal-title":"Feminism & Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"456_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1353\/rhe.2019.0007","volume":"42","author":"C Klein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klein, C., Lester, J., Rangwala, H., & Johri, A. (2019). Learning analytics tools in higher education: Adoption at the intersection of institutional commitment and individual action. The Review of Higher Education, 42(2), 565\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/rhe.2019.0007","journal-title":"The Review of Higher Education"},{"key":"456_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leitner, P., Khalil, M., & Ebner, M. (2017). Learning analytics in higher education\u2014a literature review. Learning analytics: Fundaments, applications, and trends, 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-52977-6_1"},{"key":"456_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-023-00384-9","author":"A Mouta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mouta, A., Pinto-Llorente, A. M., & Torrecilla-S\u00e1nchez, E. M. (2023). Uncovering blind spots in Education Ethics: Insights from a systematic literature review on Artificial Intelligence in Education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-023-00384-9","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"456_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nawaz, S., Kennedy, G., Bailey, J., Mead, C., & Horodyskyj, L. (2018). Struggle town? Developing profiles of student confusion in simulation-based learning environments. 35th International Conference on Innovation, Practice and Research in the Use of Educational Technologies in Tertiary Education, ASCILITE.","DOI":"10.14742\/apubs.2018.1905"},{"issue":"3","key":"456_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2020.73.9","volume":"7","author":"S Nawaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nawaz, S., Kennedy, G., Bailey, J., & Mead, C. (2020). Moments of confusion in simulation-based learning environments. Journal of Learning Analytics, 7(3), 118\u2013137.","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Analytics"},{"key":"456_CR39","unstructured":"Piaget, J. (1977). The development of thought: Equilibration of cognitive structures.(Trans A. Rosin). Viking."},{"key":"456_CR40","unstructured":"Pidgeon, N., & Henwood, K. (2013). Using grounded theory in psychological research. Doing qualitative analysis in psychology (pp. 245\u2013273). Psychology."},{"issue":"1","key":"456_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-024-02274-7","volume":"24","author":"CY Pong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pong, C. Y., Roberts, N. J., & Lum, E. (2024). The what, why, and how? Of story completion in health services research: A scoping review. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 24(1), 159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-024-02274-7","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"issue":"3","key":"456_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/104973239800800305","volume":"8","author":"J Popay","year":"1998","unstructured":"Popay, J., Rogers, A., & Williams, G. (1998). Rationale and standards for the Systematic Review of Qualitative Literature in Health Services Research. Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), 341\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104973239800800305","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"456_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2016.31.10","volume":"3","author":"P Prinsloo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prinsloo, P., & Slade, S. (2016a). Student Vulnerability, Agency and Learning analytics: An exploration. Journal of Learning Analytics, 3(1), 159\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18608\/jla.2016.31.10","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Analytics"},{"issue":"1","key":"456_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2016.31.10","volume":"3","author":"P Prinsloo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prinsloo, P., & Slade, S. (2016b). Student vulnerability, agency, and learning analytics: An exploration. Journal of Learning Analytics, 3(1), 159\u2013182.","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Analytics"},{"issue":"9","key":"456_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/info13090401","volume":"13","author":"EM Queiroga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Queiroga, E. M., Machado, B., Paragarino, M. F., Primo, V. R., T. T., & Cechinel, C. (2022). Early Prediction of At-Risk students in secondary education: A Countrywide K-12 Learning Analytics Initiative in Uruguay. Information, 13(9), 401.","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"456_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts, L. D., Howell, J. A., Seaman, K., & Gibson, D. C. (2016). Student attitudes toward learning analytics in higher education:The fitbit version of the learning world. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1959.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01959"},{"issue":"6","key":"456_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2020.1828819","volume":"46","author":"T Ryan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ryan, T., Henderson, M., Ryan, K., & Kennedy, G. (2021). Designing learner-centred text-based feedback: A rapid review and qualitative synthesis. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 46(6), 894\u2013912.","journal-title":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education"},{"key":"456_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-021-00270-2","volume":"32","author":"D Schiff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schiff, D. (2022). Education for AI, not AI for education: The role of Education and Ethics in National AI policy strategies. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32, 527\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-021-00270-2","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"456_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.06.030","volume":"78","author":"C Schumacher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schumacher, C., & Ifenthaler, D. (2018). Features students really expect from learning analytics. Computers in Human Behavior, 78, 397\u2013407.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"456_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2016.31.3","volume":"3","author":"N Sclater","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sclater, N. (2016). Developing a code of practice for learning analytics. Journal of Learning Analytics, 3(1), 16\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18608\/jla.2016.31.3","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Analytics"},{"issue":"4","key":"456_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/7.4.379","volume":"7","author":"C Seale","year":"1997","unstructured":"Seale, C., & Silverman, D. (1997). Ensuring rigour in qualitative research. The European Journal of Public Health, 7(4), 379\u2013384.","journal-title":"The European Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"456_CR52","unstructured":"Siemens, G., Dawson, S., & Lynch, G. (2013). Improving the quality and productivity of the higher education sector. Policy and strategy for Systems-Level Deployment of Learning Analytics. Canberra, Australia: Society for Learning Analytics Research for the Australian Office for Learning and Teaching, 31."},{"key":"456_CR53","unstructured":"Southgate, E., Blackmore, K., Pieschl, S., Grimes, S., McGuire, J., & Smithers, K. (2019). Artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in schools."},{"key":"456_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3299012","author":"A Strohmayer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Strohmayer, A., MacArthur, C., Spors, V., Muller, M., Vigil-Hayes, M., & Alabdulqader, E. (2019). CHInclusion: Working toward a more inclusive HCI Community Extended abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on human factors in Computing systems. Glasgow Scotland Uk. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290607.3299012","journal-title":"Glasgow Scotland Uk"},{"key":"456_CR55","unstructured":"Suchman, L. A. (1987). Plans and situated actions: The problem of human-machine communication. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"456_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-023-00380-z","author":"T Swist","year":"2024","unstructured":"Swist, T., Shum, B., S., & Gulson, K. N. (2024). Co-producing AIED Ethics under Lockdown: An empirical study of deliberative democracy in action. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-023-00380-z","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"456_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teasley, S. D. (2017). Student facing dashboards: One size fits all? Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 22(3), 377\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-017-9314-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-017-9314-3"},{"key":"456_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terry, G., & Hayfield, N. (2020). Reflexive thematic analysis. Handbook of Qualitative Research in Education Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 430\u2013441.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781788977159.00049"},{"key":"456_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troiano, G. M., Wood, M., & Harteveld, C. (2020). And This, Kids, Is How I Met Your Mother: Consumerist, Mundane, and Uncanny Futures with Sex Robots. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376598"},{"key":"456_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103933","volume":"155","author":"YS Tsai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsai, Y. S., Rates, D., Moreno-Marcos, P. M., Mu\u00f1oz-Merino, P. J., Jivet, I., Scheffel, M., Drachsler, H., Kloos, C. D., & Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D. (2020). Learning analytics in European higher education\u2014trends and barriers. Computers & Education, 155, 103933.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"456_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsai, Y. S., Mello, R. F., Jovanovi\u0107, J., & Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D. (2021). Student appreciation of data-driven feedback: A pilot study on OnTask LAK21: 11th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, Irvine, CA, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3448139.3448212","DOI":"10.1145\/3448139.3448212"},{"issue":"2","key":"456_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-021-09977-4","volume":"69","author":"D Tzimas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tzimas, D., & Demetriadis, S. (2021). Ethical issues in learning analytics: A review of the field. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(2), 1101\u20131133.","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"456_CR63","unstructured":"Vallor, S. (2018). An Ethical Toolkit for Engineering\/Design Practice. https:\/\/www.scu.edu\/ethics-in-technology-practice\/ethical-toolkit\/"},{"key":"456_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Der Graaf, J., Lim, L., Fan, Y., Kilgour, J., Moore, J., Bannert, M., Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D., & Molenaar, I. (2021). Do instrumentation tools capture self-regulated learning? International learning analytics and knowledge (LAK) conference.","DOI":"10.1145\/3448139.3448181"},{"key":"456_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vehmas, J., Khan, A. I., Kaliteevskii, V., & Chechurin, L. (2022). Learning analytics overview: Academic Approach and Machine Learning possibilities. Digital Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (pp. 123\u2013143). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-00801-6_6"},{"issue":"4","key":"456_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305285972","volume":"16","author":"D Walker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Walker, D., & Myrick, F. (2006). Grounded theory: An exploration of process and procedure. Qualitative Health Research, 16(4), 547\u2013559.","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"456_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12401","volume":"36","author":"A Whitelock-Wainwright","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whitelock-Wainwright, A., Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D., Tsai, Y. S., Drachsler, H., Scheffel, M., Mu\u00f1oz\u2010Merino, P. J., Tammets, K., & Delgado Kloos, C. (2020). Assessing the validity of a learning analytics expectation instrument: A multinational study. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(2), 209\u2013240.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"456_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitelock-Wainwright, A., Tsai, Y. S., Drachsler, H., Scheffel, M., & Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D. (2021). An exploratory latent class analysis of student expectations towards learning analytics services. The Internet and Higher Education, 100818.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2021.100818"},{"issue":"3","key":"456_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/016146811711900305","volume":"119","author":"PH Winne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Winne, P. H. (2017). Leveraging big data to help each learner and accelerate learning science. Teachers College Record, 119(3), 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Teachers College Record"},{"issue":"1","key":"456_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2016.1207538","volume":"52","author":"NE Winstone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winstone, N. E., Nash, R. A., Parker, M., & Rowntree, J. (2016). Supporting learners\u2019 agentic engagement with feedback: A systematic review and a taxonomy of recipience processes. Educational Psychologist, 52(1), 17\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00461520.2016.1207538","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"456_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440008400302","volume":"15","author":"L Yardley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yardley, L. (2000). Dilemmas in qualitative health research. Psychology & Health, 15(2), 215\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870440008400302","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00456-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00456-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00456-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T18:12:38Z","timestamp":1772647958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00456-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-024-00456-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1560-4292","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-4306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study involves conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}