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The study investigated the enactment of student agency in an AI-supported learning environment using an innovative AI conversational chatbot whose outputs are based solely on curated course material. Using Q methodology, the analysis of 22 Q sorts revealed three distinct factors: (1)\n                    <jats:italic>\u201cI got this\u2026just leave me alone\u201d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013 self-reliant users confident in their abilities but exhibiting limited ethical awareness and reflective practices, (2)\n                    <jats:italic>\u201cCipherbot is helpful<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>but\u2026\u201d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013 balanced users demonstrating intentional and ethical engagement, and (3)\n                    <jats:italic>\u201cA blind date with Cipherbot\u201d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013 uncritical users heavily reliant on Cipherbot with diminished agency and criticality. The results are discussed in light of ongoing deliberations on the complexities of preparing student teachers for ethical and agentive GenAI use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-025-00529-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T21:41:54Z","timestamp":1764193314000},"page":"4083-4107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Examining Student Teachers\u2019 Agency in an AI-Supported Learning Environment: Q Methodology Research"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Youmen","family":"Chaaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Song-Gyo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johanne","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jinan Y.","family":"Azem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernard J.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"529_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adams, C., Pente, P., Lemermeyer, G., Turville, J., & Rockwell, G. 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