{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T09:01:38Z","timestamp":1768813298401,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019JBZ111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JBZ111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consumer demand and retailing models nowadays are being upgraded more frequently. More and more retailers are switching to the Omni-channel retailing model. Choosing a reasonable location for a front distribution center (FDC) helps control an enterprise's cost and improves its service level. This is especially true in the existence of fierce competition. In this paper, two important and contradictory objectives are proposed for the first time in the FDC location problem: minimizing the distribution costs from the facility and minimizing the fixed cost of the facility's location. For these objectives, a bi-objective programming model is established by considering the factors of a facility's capacity, demand and rent fluctuation. Meanwhile, the FDC location problem has been solved by compromising programming and elite set multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm respectively. Taking the FDC locations set of an e-commerce enterprise in a region of Beijing as an empirical sample, this paper uses the above algorithms to re-plan the FDC locations of the enterprise. This algorithm provides support for retail enterprises by helping find the best FDC location. Based on the empirical results, some comments and future research directions are also proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-020-00260-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T19:03:20Z","timestamp":1611515000000},"page":"2237-2248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Solving the location problem of front distribution center for omni-channel retailing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jikai","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xianliang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"260_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulkader MMS, Gajpal Y, Elmekkawy TY (2018) Vehicle routing problem in omni-channel retailing distribution systems. Int J Prod Econ: S0925527317303584.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2017.11.011"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.02.020","volume":"271","author":"JA Ahmadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmadi JA, Amiri E, Meskar M (2018) A profit-maximization location-routing-pricing problem: a branch-and-price algorithm. Eur J Oper Res 271(3):866\u2013881","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"260_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104930","volume":"100","author":"A Arjomandi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arjomandi A, Mortazavi SA, Khalilian S, Garizi AZ (2020) Optimal land-use allocation using MCDM and SWAT for the Hablehroud watershed. Iran Land Use Policy 100:104930","journal-title":"Iran Land Use Policy"},{"key":"260_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budak G, Chen X (2020) Evaluation of the size of time windows for the travelling salesman problem in delivery operations. Complex Intell Syst:1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-020-00167-y"},{"issue":"6","key":"260_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0838-8","volume":"10","author":"YS Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen YS, Chu HH, Sangaiah AK (2019) Identifying ambient service location problems and its application using a humanized computing model. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput 10(6):2345\u20132359","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Hum Comput"},{"key":"260_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diaz CR, Delgado SDR, C D. et al. (2019) Joint programming of production-maintenance tasks: a simulated annealing-based method. Int J Simulat Model (IJSIMM) 18(4).","DOI":"10.2507\/IJSIMM18(4)503"},{"key":"260_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.05.023","volume":"134","author":"G Emirh\u00fcseyino\u011flu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emirh\u00fcseyino\u011flu G, Ekici A (2019) Dynamic facility location with supplier selection under quantity discount. Comput Ind Eng 134:64\u201374","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"260_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.17559\/TV-20170618125022","volume":"25","author":"A Erdil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erdil A (2018) An overview of sustainability of transportation systems: a quality oriented approach. Tehnicki vjesnik Tech Gazette 25(2):343\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17559\/TV-20170618125022","journal-title":"Tehnicki vjesnik Tech Gazette"},{"issue":"14","key":"260_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.3390\/su11143837","volume":"11","author":"C Erdin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erdin C, Akba\u015f HE (2019) A comparative analysis of fuzzy topsis and geographic information systems (GIS) for the location selection of shopping malls: a case study from Turkey. Sustainability 11(14):3837","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2507\/IJSIMM18(3)CO12","volume":"18","author":"HC Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu HC, Liu P (2019) A multi-objective optimization model based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Int J Simulat Model 18(3):510\u2013520","journal-title":"Int J Simulat Model"},{"issue":"4","key":"260_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-10-2016-0292","volume":"48","author":"E Galipoglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galipoglu E, Kotzab H, Teller C et al (2018) Omni-channel retailing research\u2013state of the art and intellectual foundation. Int J Phys Distrib Log Manag 48(4):365\u2013390","journal-title":"Int J Phys Distrib Log Manag"},{"key":"260_CR12","unstructured":"Gan J, Colletti JP, Kolison J (1996) A compromise programming approach to integrated natural resource management. In: proceedings of the 1994 symposium on systems analysis in forest resources: management systems for a global economy with global resource concerns, Oregon State University, 378\u2013386."},{"issue":"1","key":"260_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2018.0759","volume":"21","author":"CK Glaeser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glaeser CK, Fisher M, Su X (2019) Optimal retail location: empirical methodology and application to practice: finalist\u20132017 M&SOM Practice-Based Research Competition. Manuf Serv Oper Manag 21(1):86\u2013102","journal-title":"Manuf Serv Oper Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"260_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.2507\/IJSIMM18(4)485","volume":"18","author":"T Gocken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gocken T, Yaktubay M (2019) Comparison of different clustering algorithms via genetic algorithm for VRPTW. Int J Simulat Model 18(4):574\u2013585","journal-title":"Int J Simulat Model"},{"key":"260_CR15","first-page":"722","volume":"2020","author":"M Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang M, Wang L, Li W, Fan S (2020) Research on traffic control optimization method for oversaturated intersection group. CICTP 2020:722\u2013727","journal-title":"CICTP"},{"issue":"7","key":"260_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.13018","volume":"28","author":"T Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang T, Bergman D, Gopal R (2019) Predictive and prescriptive analytics for location selection of add-on retail products. Prod Oper Manag 28(7):1858\u20131877","journal-title":"Prod Oper Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-11-2014-0154","volume":"44","author":"AH H\u00fcbner","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00fcbner AH, Kuhn H, Wollenburg J et al (2016) Last mile fulfilment and distribution in omni-channel grocery retailing: a strategic planning framework. Int J Retail Distrib Manag 44(3):228\u2013247","journal-title":"Int J Retail Distrib Manag"},{"key":"260_CR18","unstructured":"Irawan CA , Imran A , Luis M (2020) Solving the bi\u2010objective capacitated p\u2010median problem with multilevel capacities using compromise programming and VNS[J]. Int Trans Opera Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"260_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8050202","volume":"8","author":"W Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang W, Wang Y, Dou M et al (2019) Solving competitive location problems with social media data based on customers\u2019 local sensitivities. ISPRS Int J Geo Inform 8(5):202","journal-title":"ISPRS Int J Geo Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"260_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-08-2018-0176","volume":"47","author":"M Jocevski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jocevski M, Arvidsson N, Miragliotta G et al (2019) Transitions towards omni-channel retailing strategies: a business model perspective. Int J Retail Distrib Manag 47(2):78\u201393","journal-title":"Int J Retail Distrib Manag"},{"key":"260_CR21","unstructured":"Kinnunen N (2015) The role of channel integration and interactivity in the customer loyalty creation in an omnichannel fashion retail environment: case bik bok. rapid communications in mass spectrometry 29(14): 1297\u2013306."},{"issue":"1","key":"260_CR22","first-page":"87","volume":"9","author":"D Kurunathan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurunathan D, Shanmugathas S, Ashoka K (2019) Analysis of relation between customer behavior and information technology market. J Syst Manag Sci 9(1):87\u2013104","journal-title":"J Syst Manag Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-18762020000300104","volume":"15","author":"W Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee W (2020) Unravelling consumer responses to omni-channel approach. J Theor Appl Electron Comm Res 15(3):37\u201349","journal-title":"J Theor Appl Electron Comm Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"260_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.17559\/TV-20190603165825","volume":"26","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li J, Pan SX, Huang L, Zhu X (2019) A machine learning based method for customer behavior prediction. Tehnicki vjesnik-Technical Gazette 26(6):1670\u20131676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17559\/TV-20190603165825","journal-title":"Tehnicki vjesnik-Technical Gazette"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2015.01.004","volume":"43","author":"K Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li K, Liu J, Wan L et al (2015) A cost-optimal parallel algorithm for the 0\u20131 knapsack problem and its performance on multicore CPU and GPU implementations. Parallel Comput 43(3):27\u201342","journal-title":"Parallel Comput"},{"key":"260_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2019.100918","volume":"39","author":"L Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu L, Feng L, Xu B et al (2020) Operation strategies for an omni-channel supply chain: who is better off taking on the online channel and offline service? Electron Commer Res Appl 39:100918","journal-title":"Electron Commer Res Appl"},{"key":"260_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143042","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2143042","volume":"2019","author":"ZY Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li ZY, Hai JT (2019) A capacitated location-inventory model with demand selection. J Adv Transp 2019:2143042","journal-title":"J Adv Transp"},{"issue":"2","key":"260_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.02.024","volume":"269","author":"V Marianov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marianov V, Eiselt HA, L\u00fcer-Villagra A (2018) Effects of multipurpose shopping trips on retail store location in a duopoly. Eur J Oper Res 269(2):782\u2013792","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"260_CR29","unstructured":"Mena C, Bourlakis M, Ishfaq R et al (2016) Realignment of the physical distribution process in omni-channel fulfillment. Int J Phys Distrib Logist Manag"},{"key":"260_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min JN, Jin C, Lu LJ (2019) Split-delivery vehicle routing problems based on a multi-restart improved sweep approach. Int J Simul Model (IJSIMM) 18(4).","DOI":"10.2507\/IJSIMM8(4)CO19"},{"issue":"4","key":"260_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-06-2016-0161","volume":"47","author":"M Murfield","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murfield M, Boone CA, Rutner P, Thomas R (2017) Investigating logistics service quality in omni-channel retailing. Int J Phys Distrib Log Manag 47(4):263\u2013296","journal-title":"Int J Phys Distrib Log Manag"},{"key":"260_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayanan R, Liu A, Rangaswamy M (2020) An information elasticity framework for the adaptive matched filter. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2020.3009508"},{"issue":"1","key":"260_CR33","first-page":"19","volume":"9","author":"TH Nazifa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nazifa TH, Ramachandran KK (2019) Information sharing in supply chain management: a case study between the cooperative partners in manufacturing industry. J Syst Manag Sci 9(1):19\u201347","journal-title":"J Syst Manag Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"260_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12433","volume":"26","author":"BA Pag\u00e8s","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pag\u00e8s BA, Ramalhinho H, Juan AA et al (2019) Designing e-commerce supply chains: a stochastic facility\u2013location approach. Int Trans Oper Res 26(2):507\u2013528","journal-title":"Int Trans Oper Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"260_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17559\/TV-20150323135944","volume":"26","author":"J Patalas-Maliszewska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patalas-Maliszewska J, Klos S (2019) The effect of knowledge sharing using customer relationship management systems in manufacturing companies. Tehnicki vjesnik Tech Gazette 26(1):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17559\/TV-20150323135944","journal-title":"Tehnicki vjesnik Tech Gazette"},{"key":"260_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2019.10.002","volume":"129","author":"J Paul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paul J, Agatz N, Savelsbergh M (2019) Optimizing omni-channel fulfillment with store transfers. Transp Res Part B Methodol 129:381\u2013396","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"260_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/imaman\/dpx011","volume":"30","author":"B Pelegr\u00edn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pelegr\u00edn B, Fern\u00e1ndez P, Diego PJ et al (2019) Threshold distance versus side payment to reduce the cannibalization effect in retail chain expansion. IMA J Manag Math 30(1):105\u2013123","journal-title":"IMA J Manag Math"},{"issue":"1","key":"260_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03533-8","volume":"288","author":"T Prabhuram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prabhuram T, Rajmohan M, Tan YC et al (2020) Performance evaluation of omnichannel distribution network configurations using multi criteria decision making techniques. Ann Oper Res 288(1):435\u2013456","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"260_CR39","first-page":"114","volume":"9","author":"HN Quang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quang HN, Huu TD (2019) Factors preventing the way to success of the retail supply chain. J Syst Manag Sci 9(2):114\u2013122","journal-title":"J Syst Manag Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"260_CR40","first-page":"1128","volume":"26","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Zhao XN, Zhang XH (2019) Optimal routing for safe construction and demolition waste transportation: a CVaR criterion and big data analytics approach. Tehnicki Vjesnik Tech Gazette 26(4):1128\u20131135","journal-title":"Tehnicki Vjesnik Tech Gazette"},{"issue":"3","key":"260_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"RE Rasi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rasi RE, Hatami D (2019) Environmental risk and innovation in supply chain: analysis of influence of supply chain agility. J Syst Manag Sci 9(3):1\u201325","journal-title":"J Syst Manag Sci"},{"key":"260_CR42","unstructured":"Romero C, Rehman T (1989) Multiple criteria analysis for agricultural decisions. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam"},{"issue":"9","key":"260_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2600611","volume":"49","author":"C Romero","year":"1998","unstructured":"Romero C, Tamiz M, Jones DF (1998) Goal programming, compromise programming and reference point method formulations: linkages and utility interpretation. J Oper Res Soc 49(9):986\u2013991","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"260_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-017-2579-z","volume":"273","author":"W Shan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shan W, Yan Q, Chen C et al (2019) Optimization of competitive facility location for chain stores. Ann Oper Res 273(1\u20132):187\u2013205","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"260_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.09.001","volume":"50","author":"S Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi S, Wang Y, Chen X et al (2020) Conceptualization of omnichannel customer experience and its impact on shopping intention: a mixed-method approach. Int J Inf Manage 50:325\u2013336","journal-title":"Int J Inf Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"260_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-04-2019-0115","volume":"50","author":"SH Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song SH, Shi XL, Song G (2019) Supply chain integration in omni-channel retailing: a human resource management perspective. Int J Phys Distrib Log Manag 50(1):101\u2013121","journal-title":"Int J Phys Distrib Log Manag"},{"key":"260_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00dcnal AN, Kayakutlu G (2020) Multi-objective particle swarm optimization with random immigrants. Complex Intell Syst: 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-020-00159-y"},{"key":"260_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verhoef PC, Kannan PK, Inman JJ (2015) From multi-channel retailing to omni-channel retailing: introduction to the special issue on multi-channel retailing. J Retail 91(2):174\u2013181.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2015.02.005"},{"issue":"5","key":"260_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2879789","volume":"27","author":"B Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang B, Xie H, Xia X et al (2019) A NSGA-II Algorithm hybridizing local simulated-annealing operators for a bi-criteria robust job-shop scheduling problem under scenarios. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 27(5):1075\u20131084","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"260_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04018047","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000482","volume":"145","author":"SS Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu SS, Kuang H, Lo SM (2019) Modeling shopping center location choice: shopper preference-based competitive location Model. J Urban Plan Dev 145(1):04018047","journal-title":"J Urban Plan Dev"},{"key":"260_CR51","unstructured":"Xuan W, To NC (2018) New retail versus traditional retail in e-commerce: channel establishment, price competition, and consumer recognition. Ann Oper Res."},{"key":"260_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi S, Liu X (2020) Machine learning based customer sentiment analysis for recommending shoppers, shops based on customers\u2019 review. Complex Intell Syst: 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-020-00155-2"},{"issue":"8","key":"260_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.19.8.936","volume":"19","author":"PL Yu","year":"1973","unstructured":"Yu PL (1973) A class of solutions for group decision problems. Manage Sci 19(8):936\u2013946","journal-title":"Manage Sci"},{"key":"260_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2019.05.040","volume":"75","author":"G Zambrano-Rey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zambrano-Rey G, L\u00f3pez-Ospina H, P\u00e9rez J (2019) Retail store location and pricing within a competitive environment using constrained multinomial logit. Appl Math Model 75:521\u2013534","journal-title":"Appl Math Model"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"260_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(74)90064-1","volume":"1","author":"M Zeleny","year":"1974","unstructured":"Zeleny M (1974) A concept of compromise solutions and the method of the displaced ideal. Comput Oper Res 1(3\u20134):479\u2013496","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"260_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang S, Zhu H, Li X, et al. (2019) Omni-channel product distribution network design by using the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. In: Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2019","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1520213"},{"issue":"003","key":"260_CR57","first-page":"13","volume":"021","author":"N Zhao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhao N, Shen YD (2008) Multi objective simulated annealing algorithm based on elite strategy. J Wuhan Textile Univ 021(003):13\u201317","journal-title":"J Wuhan Textile Univ"},{"key":"260_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao PX, Luo WH, Han X (2019) Time-dependent and bi-objective vehicle routing problem with time windows. Adv Prod Eng Manag 14(2): 201\u2013212, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14743\/apem2019.2.322","DOI":"10.14743\/apem2019.2.322"}],"container-title":["Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-020-00260-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40747-020-00260-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-020-00260-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:34:15Z","timestamp":1697675655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40747-020-00260-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-020-00260-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-4536","2198-6053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-4536","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}