{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:42:27Z","timestamp":1764859347168,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JM-188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JM-188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper develops an arithmetic coding algorithm based on delta recurrent neural network for edge computing devices called DRAC. Our algorithm is implemented on a Xilinx Zynq 7000 Soc board. We evaluate DRAC with four datasets and compare it with the state-of-the-art compressor DeepZip. The experimental results show that DRAC outperforms DeepZip and achieves 5X speedup ratio and 20X power consumption saving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00455-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T04:02:31Z","timestamp":1625457751000},"page":"3675-3681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["DRAC: a delta recurrent neural network-based arithmetic coding algorithm for edge computing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Bowei","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"455_CR1","unstructured":"Sayood Khalid (2017) Introduction to data compression. Morgan Kaufmann, Morgan Kaufmann, Cambridge, MA,United States"},{"key":"455_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1145\/214762.214771","volume":"30","author":"IH Witten","year":"1987","unstructured":"Witten IH, Neal R, Cleary JG (1987) Arithmetic coding for data compression. Commun ACM 30:520\u2013540","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"455_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1109\/72.478398","volume":"7","author":"J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schmidhuber J\u00fcrgen, Heil Stefan (1996) Sequential neural text compression. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 7(1):142\u2013146","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"455_CR4","unstructured":"Mahoney Matthew V (2000) Fast text compression with neural networks. In: Proceedings of the thirteenth international Florida artificial intelligence research society conference. pp. 230-234, AAAI Press"},{"key":"455_CR5","unstructured":"Byron Knoll, \u201cCMIX,\u201d http:\/\/www.byronknoll.com\/cmix.html"},{"key":"455_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goyal M, Tatwawadi K, Chandak S, Ochoa I, \u201cDeepZip: Lossless Data Compression Using Recurrent Neural Networks\u201d, (2019) Data Compression Conference (DCC). Snowbird, UT, USA 2019:575","DOI":"10.1109\/DCC.2019.00087"},{"issue":"1","key":"455_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.9","volume":"50","author":"M Satyanarayanan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Satyanarayanan M (2017) The emergence of edge computing. Computer 50(1):30\u201339","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"4","key":"455_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2020.3040300","volume":"10","author":"C Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao C, Rios-Navarro A, Chen X, Liu S-C, Delbruck T (2020) EdgeDRNN: recurrent neural network accelerator for edge inference. IEEE J Emerging Selected Topics Circuits Syst 10(4):419\u2013432","journal-title":"IEEE J Emerging Selected Topics Circuits Syst"},{"key":"455_CR9","unstructured":"Neil D, Lee J, Delbr\u00fcck T, Liu S-C (2017) Delta networks for optimized recurrent network computation. In: Proc. 34th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. (ICML), Sydney, NSW, Australia, Aug, pp. 2584-2593"},{"key":"455_CR10","unstructured":"http:\/\/sun.aei.polsl.pl\/~sdeor\/index.php?page=silesia"},{"key":"455_CR11","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.mattmahoney.net\/dc\/textdata.html"},{"key":"455_CR12","unstructured":"ftp:\/\/hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu\/goldenPath\/hg38\/chromosomes\/chr20.fa.gz"},{"key":"455_CR13","unstructured":"ftp:\/\/ftp.ensembl.org\/pub\/release-97\/fasta\/caenorhabditis$_$elegans\/dna \/Caenorhabditis$_$elegans.WBcel235.dna.toplevel.fa.gz"},{"key":"455_CR14","unstructured":"Kingma Diederik P, Ba Jimmy (2014) Adam: A method for stochastic optimization,\u201d CoRR, vol. abs\/1412.6980"},{"key":"455_CR15","unstructured":"Arithmetic Coding Library,\u201d https:\/\/www.nayuki.io\/page\/reference-arithmetic-coding"},{"key":"455_CR16","unstructured":"https:\/\/github.com\/amanusk\/s-tui"}],"container-title":["Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00455-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00455-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00455-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T13:40:28Z","timestamp":1664286028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00455-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00455-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-4536","2198-6053"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2199-4536"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2198-6053"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}