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In addition, some operations and relations on CLDFSs are derived and their fundamental properties are investigated. The intuitive definitions of cosine similarity measure (CSM) and cosine distance measure (CDM) between two CLDFSs are introduced and their characteristic principles are examined. An approach based on CSM is proposed to tackle medical diagnosis issues and its performance is tested by dealing with numerical examples. Finally, a comparative study of the proposed approach with several existing approaches is created and its advantages are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00573-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T19:04:29Z","timestamp":1638817469000},"page":"1281-1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Complex linear Diophantine fuzzy sets and their cosine similarity measures with applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0429-6713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"Kamac\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"573_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. 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