{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T23:49:01Z","timestamp":1775087341892,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Internet of Things (IoT) development made it possible for technology to communicate physical education by connecting cost-effective heterogeneous devices and digital applications to uncontrolled and accessible environments. The traditional physical education monitoring environment creates crucial manual efforts on athletes' activity observations and tracking consistently. Similarly, remote monitoring and assessment of athletes in sports training seem to be barriers to physical education monitoring and training. It creates various chances to improve training and education through technology advancements like IoT and deep learning. Students can efficiently monitor their physical behavior to increase their physical and psychological benefits. The IoT-assisted physical activity monitoring device is proposed to track students' physical activity and enhance outcomes. The management ability allows students to organize and increase speed their physical activity in a wellness manner. In addition, this study examines the connections between monitoring ability which is an essential component for sports activities and physical activity. This system collects essential information from IoT-based wearable devices that interact with the data in real time by virtualizing the device. The IoT network includes several device activities and monitors the heartbeat and physical body temperature of a person.\u00a0The analysis of specific studies and student feedback shows that the designed virtual system of physical educations is effective in its application and implementation and provides a reliable guide for developing student physical educational systems. The experimental analysis is evaluated; the solution offered is developing and supporting physical education and training approaches in reality and creates healthy environment systems to solve the health monitoring challenges posed by IoT devices. The proposed method has achieved extraordinary physical activity monitoring compared to the conventional systems, as shown by experimental findings. The simulation analysis of physical education can help students and improve the associated aspects of physical\u00a0abilities with high accuracy ratio (98.3), prediction ratio (96.5%), interaction ratio (94.4%), performance ratio (95.1%), the efficiency ratio (93.2),<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>-score (92.2%), and reduce error rate (17.5%) and physical activity patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00584-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T18:03:44Z","timestamp":1638468224000},"page":"1229-1242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["IoT-assisted physical education training network virtualization and resource management using a deep reinforcement learning system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"PriyanMalarvizhi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mamoun","family":"Alazab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"584_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3815","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3815","volume":"31","author":"PF Sheron","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheron PF, Sridhar KP, Baskar S, Shakeel PM (2020) A decentralized scalable security framework for end-to-end authentication of future IoT communication. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol 31(12):e3815","journal-title":"Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol"},{"key":"584_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahriar MR, Al Sunny SN, Liu X, Leu MC, Hu L, Nguyen NT (2018) MTComm based virtualization and integration of physical machine operations with digital-twins in cyber-physical manufacturing cloud. In: 2018 5th IEEE international conference on cyber security and cloud computing (CSCloud)\/2018 4th IEEE international conference on edge computing and scalable cloud (EdgeCom). IEEE, pp 46\u201351","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCloud\/EdgeCom.2018.00018"},{"key":"584_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2020.107774","volume":"159","author":"CL Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong CL (2020) Internet of things sensors assisted physical activity recognition and health monitoring of college students. Measurement 159:107774","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"584_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2016.05.022","volume":"105","author":"NT Nguyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen NT, Liu BH, Pham VT, Luo YS (2016) On maximizing the lifetime for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks using virtual data aggregation trees. Comput Netw 105:99\u2013110","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"key":"584_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thota C, Sundarasekar R, Manogaran G, Varatharajan R, Priyan MK (2018) Centralized fog computing security platform for IoT and cloud in healthcare system. In: Fog computing: breakthroughs in research and practice. IGI global, pp 365\u2013378","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-5649-7.ch018"},{"key":"584_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranjan G, Nguyen TN, Mekky H, Zhang ZL (2020) On virtual id assignment in networks for high resilience routing: a theoretical framework. In: GLOBECOM 2020\u20132020 IEEE global communications conference. IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9322538"},{"key":"584_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2020.103723","volume":"81","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Muthu B, Sivaparthipan CB (2021) Internet of things driven physical activity recognition system for physical education. Microprocess Microsyst 81:103723","journal-title":"Microprocess Microsyst"},{"key":"584_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen TG, Phan TV, Hoang DT, Nguyen TN, So-In C (2020) Efficient SDN-based traffic monitoring in IoT networks with double deep Q-network. In: International conference on computational data and social networks. Springer, Cham, pp 26\u201338","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-66046-8_3"},{"key":"584_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vangala A, Das AK, Kumar N, Alazab M (2020) Smart secure sensing for IoT-based agriculture: blockchain perspective. IEEE Sensors J 21(16)","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3012294"},{"key":"584_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manogaran G, Baabdullah T, Rawat DB, Shakeel PM (2021) AI assisted service virtualization and flow management framework for 6G-enabled cloud-software-defined network based IoT. IEEE Internet Things J","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3077895"},{"issue":"4","key":"584_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9040629","volume":"9","author":"J Arshad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arshad J, Azad MA, Amad R, Salah K, Alazab M, Iqbal R (2020) A review of performance, energy and privacy of intrusion detection systems for IoT. Electronics 9(4):629","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"584_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2021.103980","volume":"83","author":"J Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng J (2021) Evaluation of physical education teaching based on web embedded system and virtual reality. Microprocess Microsyst 83:103980","journal-title":"Microprocess Microsyst"},{"issue":"13","key":"584_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.3390\/s19133030","volume":"19","author":"G Manogaran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manogaran G, Shakeel PM, Fouad H, Nam Y, Baskar S, Chilamkurti N, Sundarasekar R (2019) Wearable IoT smart-log patch: an edge computing-based Bayesian deep learning network system for multi access physical monitoring system. Sensors 19(13):3030","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"584_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao J, Wang H, Shen H (2020) Machine learning based workload prediction in cloud computing. In: 2020 29th international conference on computer communications and networks (ICCCN). IEEE, pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN49398.2020.9209730"},{"issue":"6","key":"584_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-213005","volume":"29","author":"Z Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun Z, Kadry SN, Krishnamoorthy S (2021) Internet of things assisted advanced dynamic information processing system for physical education system. Technol Health Care 29(6):1263\u20131275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/THC-213005","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"key":"584_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.01.028","volume":"123","author":"M Gheisari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gheisari M, Najafabadi HE, Alzubi JA, Gao J, Wang G, Abbasi AA, Castiglione A (2021) OBPP: an ontology-based framework for privacy-preserving in IoT-based smart city. Future Gener Comput Syst 123:1\u201313","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"584_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3838","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3838","volume":"31","author":"CB Sivaparthipan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sivaparthipan CB, Muthu BA, Manogaran G, Maram B, Sundarasekar R, Krishnamoorthy S, Chandran K (2020) Innovative and efficient method of robotics for helping the Parkinson\u2019s disease patient using IoT in big data analytics. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol 31(12):e3838","journal-title":"Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"584_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-019-02889-4","volume":"76","author":"TC Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang TC, Wen CH, Guo SW, Chang WY, Chang CL (2020) The implementation of an IoT-based exercise improvement system. J Supercomput 76(8):6361\u20136375","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"584_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad M, Ishtiaq A, Habib MA, Ahmed SH (2019) A review of internet of things (IoT) connectivity techniques. Recent Trends Adv Wirel IoT Enabled Netw 25\u201336","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99966-1_3"},{"key":"584_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.03.039","volume":"156","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Liu D, Jolfaei A (2020) Resource allocation solution for sensor networks using improved chaotic firefly algorithm in IoT environment. Comput Commun 156:91\u2013100","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"key":"584_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111223","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2999468","volume":"8","author":"EM Abou-Nassar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abou-Nassar EM, Iliyasu AM, El-Kafrawy PM, Song OY, Bashir AK, Abd El-Latif AA (2020) DITrust chain: towards blockchain-based trust models for sustainable healthcare IoT systems. IEEE Access 8:111223\u2013111238","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"584_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gad R, Abd El-Latif AA, Elseuofi S, Ibrahim HM, Elmezain M, Said W (2019) IoT security based on iris verification using multi-algorithm feature level fusion scheme. In: 2019 2nd international conference on computer applications and information security (ICCAIS). IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/CAIS.2019.8769483"},{"key":"584_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2020.103346","volume":"80","author":"T Lei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lei T, Cai Z, Hua L (2021) 5G-oriented IoT coverage enhancement and physical education resource management. Microprocess Microsyst 80:103346","journal-title":"Microprocess Microsyst"},{"issue":"3","key":"584_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-017-0456-x","volume":"9","author":"AN Aicha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aicha AN, Englebienne G, Kr\u00f6se B (2018) Continuous measuring of the indoor walking speed of older adults living alone. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 9(3):589\u2013599","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"key":"584_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2021.103903","volume":"82","author":"J Du","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du J, Nan Z (2021) Research on the intelligent model of progress in physical education training based on motion sensor. Microprocess Microsyst 82:103903","journal-title":"Microprocess Microsyst"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010039","volume":"17","author":"S Haible","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haible S, Volk C, Demetriou Y, H\u00f6ner O, Thiel A, Sudeck G (2020) Physical activity-related health competence, physical activity, and physical fitness: analysis of control competence for the self-directed exercise of adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(1):39","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/17408989.2020.1799965","volume":"26","author":"RM Telford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Telford RM, Olive LS, Keegan RJ, Keegan S, Telford RD (2021) Teacher and school outcomes of the physical education and physical literacy (PEPL) approach: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to improve physical literacy in primary schools. Phys Educ Sport Pedagog 26(1):79\u201396","journal-title":"Phys Educ Sport Pedagog"},{"issue":"20","key":"584_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7122","DOI":"10.3390\/app10207122","volume":"10","author":"A Jalal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jalal A, Batool M, Kim K (2020) Stochastic recognition of physical activity and healthcare using tri-axial inertial wearable sensors. Appl Sci 10(20):7122","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-020-00238-6","volume":"17","author":"S Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee S, Lee C, An J (2020) Psycho-social correlates of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among older adults: a multivariate analysis. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 17(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"Eur Rev Aging Phys Act"},{"key":"584_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang QQ (2021) Intelligent control model of athletes\u2019 training intensity based on big data analysis of physical fitness. In: Journal of physics: conference series, vol 1883(1). IOP Publishing, pp 012147","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1883\/1\/012147"}],"container-title":["Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00584-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00584-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00584-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T14:33:37Z","timestamp":1699886017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00584-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-021-00584-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-4536","2198-6053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-4536","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}