{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T14:29:52Z","timestamp":1769351392058,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110-2410-H-606-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2410-H-606-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110-2222-E-324-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2222-E-324-001-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessing and improving energy efficiency is crucial for addressing the problems of climate change and global warming. This study evaluates the performance of each Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nation based on the weights obtained by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), combined with a modified Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method based on the concept of the aspiration level (called modified TOPSIS-AL). Objective weights are obtained for each country through DEA. This method offers an effective improvement over the previous methods which only use the same subjective weights for the calculation. In addition, our model is also able to account for negative environmental externalities generated during development and provides a comprehensive assessment system for the evaluation of national sustainable development. The findings indicate that the member nations are gradually adopting policies to reduce fossil fuel consumption. However, regional analysis showed that the overall performance of the G7 nations differed significantly from that of the non-G7 nations. The importance of this study lies in the fact that energy consumption not only creates environmental burdens but also affects resource production patterns and productivity. By evaluating the performance of nations in terms of energy efficiency and environmental impact, we aim to address the challenges posed by energy consumption for sustainable development. The proposed hybrid model offers several advantages, including a comprehensive assessment system, consideration of negative externalities, and practical policy recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01034-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T05:02:39Z","timestamp":1679461359000},"page":"5449-5466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An assessment model for national sustainable development based on the hybrid DEA and modified TOPSIS techniques"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3496-4580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8281-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huai-Wei","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammet","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.30.9.1078","volume":"30","author":"RD Banker","year":"1984","unstructured":"Banker RD, Charnes A, Cooper WW (1984) Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Manag Sci 30(9):1078\u20131092","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"key":"1034_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2015.03.002","volume":"44\u201345","author":"CP Barros","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barros CP, Wanke P (2015) An analysis of African airlines efficiency with two-stage TOPSIS and neural networks. J Air Transp Manag 44\u201345:90\u2013102","journal-title":"J Air Transp Manag"},{"issue":"15","key":"1034_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.3390\/su11154065","volume":"11","author":"M-H Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang M-H, Liou JJ, Lo H-W (2019) A hybrid MCDM model for evaluating strategic alliance partners in the green biopharmaceutical industry. Sustainability 11(15):4065","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"1034_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.12.042","volume":"260","author":"L Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen L, Wang Y-M, Lai F (2017) Semi-disposability of undesirable outputs in data envelopment analysis for environmental assessments. Eur J Oper Res 260(2):655\u2013664","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1034_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11518-009-5120-3","volume":"18","author":"Y Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen Y, Li KW, Xu H, Liu S (2009) A DEA-TOPSIS method for multiple criteria decision analysis in emergency management. J Syst Sci Syst Eng 18(4):489\u2013507","journal-title":"J Syst Sci Syst Eng"},{"issue":"15","key":"1034_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.3390\/en12152907","volume":"12","author":"B Djordjevi\u0107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Djordjevi\u0107 B, Krmac E (2019) Evaluation of energy-environment efficiency of European transport sectors: non-radial DEA and TOPSIS approach. Energies 12(15):2907","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"1034_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145811","volume":"775","author":"Y Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng Y, Wang X, Liang Z (2021) How does environmental information disclosure affect economic development and haze pollution in Chinese cities? The mediating role of green technology innovation. Sci Total Environ 775:145811","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"1034_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2019.05.042","volume":"179","author":"Z Geng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geng Z, Zeng R, Han Y, Zhong Y, Fu H (2019) Energy efficiency evaluation and energy saving based on DEA integrated affinity propagation clustering: case study of complex petrochemical industries. Energy 179:863\u2013875","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1034_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.03.019","volume":"277","author":"Y Gong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gong Y, Liu J, Zhu J (2019) When to increase firms\u2019 sustainable operations for efficiency? A data envelopment analysis in the retailing industry. Eur J Oper Res 277(3):1010\u20131026","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1034_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.04.040","volume":"46","author":"M Gul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gul M, Celik E, Aydin N, Gumus AT, Guneri AF (2016) A state of the art literature review of VIKOR and its fuzzy extensions on applications. Appl Soft Comput 46:60\u201389","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"1034_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.06.040","volume":"134","author":"X Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo X, Lu C-C, Lee J-H, Chiu Y-H (2017) Applying the dynamic DEA model to evaluate the energy efficiency of OECD countries and China. Energy 134:392\u2013399","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"1034_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.145","volume":"208","author":"G Halkos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Halkos G, Petrou KN (2019) Assessing 28 EU member states\u2019 environmental efficiency in national waste generation with DEA. J Clean Prod 208:509\u2013521","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1034_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-48318-9_3","volume":"186","author":"C-L Hwang","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hwang C-L, Yoon K (1981) Multiple criteria decision making. Lecture Notes Econ Math Syst 186:58\u2013191","journal-title":"Lecture Notes Econ Math Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"1034_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07020-x","volume":"27","author":"R Iram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iram R, Zhang J, Erdogan S, Abbas Q, Mohsin M (2020) Economics of energy and environmental efficiency: evidence from OECD countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(4):3858\u20133870","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1034_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14797","volume":"26","author":"L Korell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Korell L, Auge H, Chase JM, Harpole S, Knight TM (2020) We need more realistic climate change experiments for understanding ecosystems of the future. Glob Change Biol 26(2):325\u2013327","journal-title":"Glob Change Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1034_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1108\/JM2-02-2016-0013","volume":"12","author":"D Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar D, Rahman Z (2017) Analyzing enablers of sustainable supply chain: ISM and fuzzy AHP approach. J Model Manag 12(3):498\u2013524","journal-title":"J Model Manag"},{"issue":"11","key":"1034_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5738","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2018.2806481","volume":"29","author":"M-F Leung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leung M-F, Wang J (2018) A collaborative neurodynamic approach to multiobjective optimization. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 29(11):5738\u20135748","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"1034_CR18","volume":"165","author":"H-L Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li H-L, Zhu X-H, Chen J-Y, Jiang F-T (2019) Environmental regulations, environmental governance efficiency and the green transformation of China\u2019s iron and steel enterprises. Ecol Econ 165:106397","journal-title":"Ecol Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1034_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.3390\/su11041216","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Chiu Y-H, Lin T-Y (2019) Energy and environmental efficiency in different chinese regions. Sustainability 11(4):1216","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1034_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10114070","author":"FY Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin FY, Lin SW, Lu WM (2018) Sustainability assessment of taiwan\u2019s semiconductor industry: a new hybrid model using combined analytic hierarchy process and two-stage additive network data envelopment analysis. Sustainability. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su10114070","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1034_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.04.069","volume":"142","author":"X Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu X, Chu J, Yin P, Sun J (2017) DEA cross-efficiency evaluation considering undesirable output and ranking priority: a case study of eco-efficiency analysis of coal-fired power plants. J Clean Prod 142:877\u2013885","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1034_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.105","volume":"190","author":"H-W Lo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lo H-W, Liou JJH, Wang H-S, Tsai Y-S (2018) An integrated model for solving problems in green supplier selection and order allocation. J Clean Prod 190:339\u2013352","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1034_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.12.030","volume":"70","author":"A Mardani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mardani A, Zavadskas EK, Streimikiene D, Jusoh A, Khoshnoudi M (2017) A comprehensive review of data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in energy efficiency. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 70:1298\u20131322","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"1034_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.06.069","volume":"247","author":"NK Mavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mavi NK, Mavi RK (2019) Energy and environmental efficiency of OECD countries in the context of the circular economy: common weight analysis for malmquist productivity index. J Environ Manage 247:651\u2013661","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"1034_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.07.006","volume":"82","author":"S M\u00e4rz","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00e4rz S (2018) Assessing the fuel poverty vulnerability of urban neighbourhoods using a spatial multi-criteria decision analysis for the German city of Oberhausen. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 82:1701\u20131711","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"1034_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2017.02.041","volume":"121","author":"SH Mousavi-Nasab","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mousavi-Nasab SH, Sotoudeh-Anvari A (2017) A comprehensive MCDM-based approach using TOPSIS, COPRAS and DEA as an auxiliary tool for material selection problems. Mater Des 121:237\u2013253","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"1034_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2019.04.010","volume":"84","author":"B Ozcan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ozcan B, Tzeremes PG, Tzeremes NGJEM (2020) Energy consumption, economic growth and environmental degradation in OECD countries. Econ Model 84:203\u2013213","journal-title":"Econ Model"},{"issue":"4","key":"1034_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10784-016-9327-8","volume":"17","author":"CF Parker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parker CF, Karlsson C (2017) The European Union as a global climate leader: confronting aspiration with evidence. Int Environ Agreements Politics Law Econ 17(4):445\u2013461","journal-title":"Int Environ Agreements Politics Law Econ"},{"issue":"10","key":"1034_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1080\/09640568.2016.1262832","volume":"60","author":"AM Pereira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pereira AM, Pereira RM (2017) Reducing carbon emissions in Portugal: the relative roles of fossil fuel prices, energy efficiency, and carbon taxation. J Environ Plan Manag 60(10):1825\u20131852","journal-title":"J Environ Plan Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"1034_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12649","volume":"22","author":"A Petit-Boix","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petit-Boix A, Arnal C, Mar\u00edn D, Josa A, Gabarrell X, Rieradevall J (2018) Addressing the life cycle of sewers in contrasting cities through an eco-efficiency approach. J Ind Ecol 22(5):1092\u20131104","journal-title":"J Ind Ecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1034_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3390\/en12050949","volume":"12","author":"S Pilpola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pilpola S, Arabzadeh V, Mikkola J, Lund PD (2019) Analyzing national and local pathways to carbon-neutrality from technology, emissions, and resilience perspectives\u2014case of Finland. Energies 12(5):949","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"7","key":"1034_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11070867","volume":"11","author":"H Quan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quan H, Li S, Wei H, Hu J (2019) Personalized product evaluation based on GRA-TOPSIS and Kansei engineering. Symmetry 11(7):867","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1034_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1057\/s41274-017-0237-0","volume":"68","author":"SA Rakhshan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rakhshan SA (2017) Efficiency ranking of decision making units in data envelopment analysis by using TOPSIS-DEA method. J Oper Res Soc 68(8):906\u2013918","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1034_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2018.1426452","volume":"31","author":"G Rejikumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rejikumar G, AswathyAsokan A, Sreedharan VR (2020) Impact of data-driven decision-making in Lean Six Sigma: an empirical analysis. Total Qual Manag Bus Excell 31(3\u20134):279\u2013296","journal-title":"Total Qual Manag Bus Excell"},{"key":"1034_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.09.242","volume":"208","author":"AL Salvia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salvia AL, Leal Filho W, Brandli LL, Griebeler JS (2019) Assessing research trends related to Sustainable Development Goals: Local and global issues. J Clean Prod 208:841\u2013849","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"1034_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.03.073","volume":"269","author":"M Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song M, Peng J, Wang J, Zhao J (2018) Environmental efficiency and economic growth of China: a ray slack-based model analysis. Eur J Oper Res 269(1):51\u201363","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1034_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2014.09.001","volume":"46","author":"B Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang B, Nistor I, Murty T, Wei Y-M (2014) Efficiency assessment of hydroelectric power plants in Canada: a multi criteria decision making approach. Energy Econ 46:112\u2013121","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"1034_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.413","volume":"663","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang S, Li S, Cai Q, Gao S (2019) Evaluating the energy-environment efficiency and its determinants in Guangdong using a slack-based measure with environmental undesirable outputs and panel data model. Sci Total Environ 663:878\u2013888","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1034_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.04.053","volume":"269","author":"K Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang K, Wei Y-M, Huang Z (2018) Environmental efficiency and abatement efficiency measurements of China\u2019s thermal power industry: a data envelopment analysis based materials balance approach. Eur J Oper Res 269(1):35\u201350","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1034_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-018-9486-0","volume":"35","author":"H Weber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weber H, Sciubba JD (2019) The effect of population growth on the environment: evidence from European regions. Eur J Popul 35(2):379\u2013402","journal-title":"Eur J Popul"},{"key":"1034_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2018.11.036","volume":"78","author":"J Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu J, Li M, Zhu Q, Zhou Z, Liang L (2019) Energy and environmental efficiency measurement of China\u2019s industrial sectors: A DEA model with non-homogeneous inputs and outputs. Energy Economics 78:468\u2013480","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"key":"1034_CR42","volume":"84","author":"Y-C Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y-C, Lin S-W (2022) Efficiency evaluation of Asia\u2019s cultural tourism using a dynamic DEA approach. Socioecon Plan Sci 84:101426","journal-title":"Socioecon Plan Sci"},{"key":"1034_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.270","volume":"232","author":"F Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang F, Cheng Y, Yao X (2019) Influencing factors of energy technical innovation in China: evidence from fossil energy and renewable energy. J Clean Prod 232:57\u201366","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1034_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-018-3399-4","volume":"95","author":"J-Y Yin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yin J-Y, Cao Y-F, Tang B-J (2019) Fairness of China\u2019s provincial energy environment efficiency evaluation: empirical analysis using a three-stage data envelopment analysis model. Nat Hazards 95(1\u20132):343\u2013362","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"1034_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/09603409.2017.1377910","volume":"34","author":"Y Yoshioka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoshioka Y (2017) Current status of Japanese thermal power plants and life assessments of high temperature steam and gas turbine components. Mater High Temp 34(5\u20136):386\u2013396","journal-title":"Mater High Temp"},{"issue":"5","key":"1034_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04084-2","volume":"24","author":"M Yucesan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yucesan M, Gul M (2020) Hospital service quality evaluation: an integrated model based on Pythagorean fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS. Soft Comput 24(5):3237\u20133255","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"1034_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.12.004","volume":"275","author":"L Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao L, Zha Y, Zhuang Y, Liang L (2019) Data envelopment analysis for sustainability evaluation in China: tackling the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Eur J Oper Res 275(3):1083\u20131095","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"}],"container-title":["Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01034-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01034-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01034-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T17:20:20Z","timestamp":1695403220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01034-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01034-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-4536","2198-6053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-4536","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None of the authors declare any conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study does not include any data from studies with humans or animals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}