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It can effectively use computing resources and speed up convergence. In the updating process of integrated sub-populations, a mutation strategy pool and two-parameter value pools are used to maintain population diversity. The experimental results of CEC2005 and CEC2014 benchmark functions show that MDE-ctd outperforms other state-of-art differential evolution algorithms based on multi-population, especially when it deals with highly complex optimization problems.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An integrated differential evolution of multi-population based on contribution degree <\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01162-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T04:02:00Z","timestamp":1690344120000},"page":"525-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An integrated differential evolution of multi-population based on contribution degree"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0419-4602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yunjie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1162_CR1","unstructured":"Storn R (1995) Differrential evolution-a simple and efficient adaptive scheme for global optimization over continuous spaces. 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