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The surrogate models are optimized by an ensemble approach-based differential evolution algorithm which can adaptively use different search strategies to improve the performance during the computation process. A three-echelon supply chain digital twin on the geographic information system (GIS) map in real-time is used to examine the efficiency of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that the data-driven evolutionary algorithm can reduce the total costs and maintain the required service level. The finding suggests that our proposed method can learn from the historical data and generate better inventory policies for a supply chain digital twin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01179-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T07:01:46Z","timestamp":1691564506000},"page":"825-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Data-driven evolutionary computation for service constrained inventory optimization in multi-echelon supply chains"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1364-3502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tatsushi","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1179_CR1","volume-title":"Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and operation","author":"S Chopra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chopra S, Meindl P (2016) Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and operation, 6th edn. 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