{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T12:50:13Z","timestamp":1777121413172,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017630","name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22YJA630013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22YJA630013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the long-term effects of the Port Authority\u2019s supervision strategies on the container terminal\u2019s collusion strategies, this study constructs a two-sided evolutionary game model consists of the Port Authority and a container terminal based on evolutionary game theory which usually examine a game\u2019s long-term trends. Under the premise that the container terminal\u2019s net profits from collusion strategy are greater than those from non-collusion strategy, the stability analysis demonstrates that the container terminal tend to choose collusion strategy, and the Port Authority tends to choose lax supervision strategy when the fine received by the container terminal is less than the Port Authority\u2019s cost; the container terminal tends to choose collusion strategy, and the Port Authority tends to choose strict supervision strategy when the fine received by the container terminal is greater than the Port Authority\u2019s cost and the sum of the fine and subsidy is less than the difference in the container terminal\u2019s profits from collusion strategies. Finally, the numerical simulation results confirm the robustness of the stability analysis. These results can guide and benefit relevant stakeholders in the sustainable development of the container shipping supply chain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01334-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T18:02:35Z","timestamp":1706551355000},"page":"3319-3328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evolutionary stability strategies of tacit collusion in supervised container terminals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zongtuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shaopeng","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318088","volume":"48","author":"IM Bomze","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bomze IM (1983) Lotka-Volterra equation and replicator dynamics: a two-dimensional classification. Biol Cybern 48(3):201\u2013211","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"1334_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2018.11.016","volume":"208","author":"P Cariou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cariou P, Parola F, Notteboom T (2019) Towards low carbon global supply chains: a multi-trade analysis of CO2 emission reductions in container shipping. Int J Prod Econ 208:17\u201328","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"key":"1334_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2021.09.003","volume":"130","author":"X Che","year":"2021","unstructured":"Che X, Huang Y, Zhang L (2021) Supervisory efficiency and collusion in a multiple-agent hierarchy. Games Econom Behav 130:425\u2013442","journal-title":"Games Econom Behav"},{"key":"1334_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2016.06.001","volume":"93","author":"G Dong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dong G, Huang R, Ng P (2016) Tacit collusion between two terminals of a port. Transp Res Part E: Log Trans Rev 93:199\u2013211","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E: Log Trans Rev"},{"key":"1334_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2018.10.008","volume":"120","author":"G Dong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dong G, Zheng S, Lee PTW (2018) The effects of regional port integration: The case of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 120:1\u201315","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"key":"1334_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2022.106427","volume":"232","author":"G Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong G, Liu Z, Lee PTW, Chi X, Ye J (2023) Port governance in the post COVID-19 pandemic era: Heterogeneous service and collusive incentive. Ocean Coast Manag 232:106427","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"1334_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020508","volume":"18","author":"Q Du","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du Q, Yan Y, Huang Y, Hao C, Wu J (2021) Evolutionary games of low-carbon behaviors of construction stakeholders under carbon taxes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(2):508","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1334_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan L, Wang R, Xu K (2023) Analysis of fleet deployment in the international container shipping market using simultaneous equations modelling. Marit Pol Manag:1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1080\/03088839.2023.2188267"},{"key":"1334_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang X, He K, Meng Y, Ye J (2022) Supervision or collusion? CEO\u2013CFO social ties and financial reporting quality. J Account Lit (ahead-of-print)","DOI":"10.1108\/JAL-03-2022-0031"},{"issue":"2","key":"1334_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-937X.000244","volume":"70","author":"A Faure-Grimaud","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faure-Grimaud A, Laffont JJ, Martimort D (2003) Collusion, delegation and supervision with soft information. Rev Econ Stud 70(2):253\u2013279","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stud"},{"key":"1334_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman D (1991) Evolutionary games in economics. Econom J Econo Soc:637\u2013666","DOI":"10.2307\/2938222"},{"key":"1334_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafezalkotob A, Nersesian L, Fardi K (2023) A policy-making model for evolutionary SME Behavior during a pandemic recession supported on Game Theory Approach. Comput Ind Eng:108975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108975"},{"issue":"01","key":"1334_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140029","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217595921400297","volume":"39","author":"ZH Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu ZH, Dong YJ (2022) Evolutionary Game Models of Cooperative Strategies in Blockchain-Enabled Container Transport Chains. Asia-Pacific J Oper Res 39(01):2140029","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J Oper Res"},{"key":"1334_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2022.106230","volume":"225","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang L, Tan Y, Guan X (2022) Hub-and-spoke network design for container shipping considering disruption and congestion in the post COVID-19 era. Ocean Coast Manag 225:106230","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"key":"1334_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2022.102964","volume":"169","author":"Y Jeong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeong Y, Kim G (2023) Reliable design of container shipping network with foldable container facility disruption. Transp Res Part E Log Transp Rev 169:102964","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Log Transp Rev"},{"key":"1334_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2020.104010","volume":"118","author":"B Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang B, Wang X, Xue H, Li J, Gong Y (2020) An evolutionary game model analysis on emission control areas in China. Mar Policy 118:104010","journal-title":"Mar Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"1334_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3390\/su11051331","volume":"11","author":"PTW Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee PTW, Kwon OK, Ruan X (2019) Sustainability challenges in maritime transport and logistics industry and its way ahead. Sustainability 11(5):1331","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1334_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.1048034","volume":"9","author":"L Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao L, Yan A, Yin Q (2022) An evolutionary game study of environmental regulation strategies for marine ecological governance in China. Front Mar Sci 9:2428","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1334_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-020-09412-5","volume":"20","author":"LC Lei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lei LC, Gao S, Zeng EY (2020) Regulation strategies of ride-hailing market in China: An evolutionary game theoretic perspective. Electron Commer Res 20(3):535\u2013563","journal-title":"Electron Commer Res"},{"key":"1334_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2022.106447","volume":"232","author":"JM Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li JM, Jiang SS (2023) How can governance strategies be developed for marine ecological environment pollution caused by sea-using enterprises? A study based on evolutionary game theory. Ocean Coast Manag 232:106447","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"key":"1334_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123268","volume":"279","author":"DY Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin DY, Juan CJ, Ng M (2021) Evaluation of green strategies in maritime liner shipping using evolutionary game theory. J Clean Prod 279:123268","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1334_CR22","unstructured":"Lloyd's List (2022) One Hundred Ports 2022. https:\/\/lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com\/one-hundred-container-ports-2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"1334_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s40152-020-00205-y","volume":"20","author":"M Marschke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marschke M, Vandergeest P, Havice E, Kadfak A, Duker P, Isopescu I, MacDonnell M (2021) COVID-19, instability and migrant fish workers in Asia. Maritime Studies 20(1):87\u201399","journal-title":"Maritime Studies"},{"key":"1334_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134556","volume":"378","author":"L Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng L, Liu K, He J, Han C, Liu P (2022) Carbon emission reduction behavior strategies in the shipping industry under government regulation: a tripartite evolutionary game analysis. J Clean Prod 378:134556","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1334_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jet.2023.105614","volume":"208","author":"D Mookherjee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mookherjee D, Tsumagari M (2023) Regulatory mechanism design with extortionary collusion. J Econ Theory 208:105614","journal-title":"J Econ Theory"},{"key":"1334_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2022.102764","volume":"163","author":"S Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen S, Chen PSL, Du Y (2022) Risk assessment of maritime container shipping blockchain-integrated systems: an analysis of multi-event scenarios. Transp Res Part E Log Transp Rev 163:102764","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Log Transp Rev"},{"key":"1334_CR27","volume":"45","author":"H Paridaens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paridaens H, Notteboom T (2022) Logistics integration strategies in container shipping: A multiple case-study on Maersk Line, MSC and CMA CGM. Res Transp Bus Manag 45:100868","journal-title":"Res Transp Bus Manag"},{"key":"1334_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149052","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3012584","volume":"8","author":"D Pu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pu D, Xie F, Yuan G (2020) Active supervision strategies of online ride-hailing based on the tripartite evolutionary game model. IEEE Access 8:149052\u2013149064","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1334_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(86)90232-0","volume":"22","author":"JM Smith","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith JM (1986) Evolutionary game theory. Physica D 22(1\u20133):43\u201349","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"key":"1334_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2017.12.010","volume":"110","author":"Z Tan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan Z, Meng Q, Wang F, Kuang HB (2018) Strategic integration of the inland port and shipping service for the ocean carrier. Transp Res Part E Log Transp Rev 110:90\u2013109","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Log Transp Rev"},{"key":"1334_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2021.105738","volume":"211","author":"C Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan C, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Yip TL (2021) Identifying important ports in maritime container shipping networks along the Maritime Silk Road. Ocean Coast Manag 211:105738","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"key":"1334_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2016.11.007","volume":"97","author":"F Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang F, Zhuo X, Niu B, He J (2017) Who canvasses for cargos? Incentive analysis and channel structure in a shipping supply chain. Transp Res Part B Methodol 97:78\u2013101","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B Methodol"},{"key":"1334_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.101895","volume":"136","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Liu J, Zhang X (2020) Service purchasing and market-entry problems in a shipping supply chain. Transp Res Part E Log Transp Rev 136:101895","journal-title":"Transp Res Part E Log Transp Rev"},{"key":"1334_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang XP, Zhang ZM, Guo ZH, Chang S, Sun LH (2023) Energy structure transformation in the context of carbon neutralization: evolutionary game analysis based on inclusive development of coal and clean energy. J Clean Prod:136626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136626"},{"key":"1334_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1132174","volume":"10","author":"G Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao G, Cui W (2023) Evolutionary game between government and shipping companies based on shipping cycle and carbon quota. Front Mar Sci 10:241","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"1334_CR36","volume":"412","author":"X Xin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xin X, Tu Y, Stojanovic V, Wang H, Shi K, He S, Pan T (2022) Online reinforcement learning multiplayer non-zero sum games of continuous-time Markov jump linear systems. Appl Math Comput 412:126537","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"key":"1334_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112730","volume":"171","author":"L Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu L, Di Z, Chen J (2021) Evolutionary game of inland shipping pollution control under government co-supervision. Mar Pollut Bull 171:112730","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"1334_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.07.005","volume":"61","author":"CS Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang CS (2018) An analysis of institutional pressures, green supply chain management, and green performance in the container shipping context. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ 61:246\u2013260","journal-title":"Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ"},{"key":"1334_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2022.106303","volume":"228","author":"J Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye J, Chen J, Shi J, Jie Z, Hu D (2022) Game analysis of ship ballast water discharge management\u2014triggered by radioactive water release from Japan. Ocean Coast Manag 228:106303","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"key":"1334_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2022.07.020","volume":"126","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Pu S, Luo L, Liu Z, Xu J (2022) Revisiting important ports in container shipping networks: a structural hole-based approach. Transp Policy 126:239\u2013248","journal-title":"Transp Policy"},{"issue":"11","key":"1334_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9111293","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Sun Z (2021) The coevolutionary process of maritime management of shipping industry in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Marine Sci Eng 9(11):1293","journal-title":"J Marine Sci Eng"},{"issue":"7","key":"1334_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1080\/19427867.2020.1783609","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Xiang C, Li L, Jiang H (2021) Evolutionary game analysis and simulation with system dynamics for behavioral strategies of participants in crowd logistics. Transp Lett 13(7):540\u2013554","journal-title":"Transp Lett"},{"key":"1334_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou S, Ji B, Song Y, Samson SY, Zhang D, Van Woensel T (2023) Hub-and-spoke network design for container shipping in inland waterways. Expert Syst Appl:119850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119850"},{"issue":"6","key":"1334_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3225381","volume":"53","author":"Z Zhuang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhuang Z, Tao H, Chen Y, Stojanovic V, Paszke W (2023) An optimal iterative learning control approach for linear systems with nonuniform trial lengths under input constraints. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst 53(6):3461\u20133473","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"1334_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/08961530.2020.1771646","volume":"33","author":"RJ Zwanka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zwanka RJ, Buff C (2021) COVID-19 generation: a conceptual framework of the consumer behavioral shifts to be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. J Int Consum Mark 33(1):58\u201367","journal-title":"J Int Consum Mark"}],"container-title":["Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01334-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01334-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01334-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T18:11:13Z","timestamp":1715883073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01334-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01334-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-4536","2198-6053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-4536","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}