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MCaps establishes connections between various layers, enhancing the comprehension and interpretation of spatial\u2013temporal features. Furthermore, the Bhattacharyya coefficient is introduced into the dynamic routing to compare the similarity between capsules. The validity of the model is verified through comparative experiments, and the results show that MSCN has significant advantages over traditional methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-024-01462-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T08:03:06Z","timestamp":1717488186000},"page":"6189-6212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A multi-scale spatial\u2013temporal capsule network based on sequence encoding for bearing fault diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1462_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11668-023-01700-0","volume":"23","author":"A Hemati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hemati A, Shooshtari A (2023) Bearing failure analysis using vibration analysis and natural frequency excitation. 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