{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:39:08Z","timestamp":1775871548565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-025-01813-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T09:20:24Z","timestamp":1745313624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessment of air purifiers for improving the air quality index using circular intuitionistic fuzzy Heronian means"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fengyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raiha","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kifayat","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Pamucar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Elashiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31181\/sor2120256","volume":"2","author":"A Biswas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Biswas A, Gazi KH, Sankar PM, Ghosh A (2024) A decision-making framework for sustainable highway restaurant site selection: AHP-TOPSIS approach based on the fuzzy numbers. Spect Oper Res 2(1):1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31181\/sor2120256","journal-title":"Spect Oper Res"},{"key":"1813_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei J, Lin X (2008) The multiple attribute decision-making VIKOR method and its application. In: Proceedings of the 2008 4th international conference on wireless communications, networking and mobile computing; IEEE, pp. 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WiCom.2008.2777","DOI":"10.1109\/WiCom.2008.2777"},{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.31181\/smeor11202411","volume":"1","author":"E Kawecka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kawecka E, Perec A, Radomska-Zalas A (2024) Use of the simple multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method for optimization of the high-alloy steel cutting processby the abrasive water jet. Spect Mech Eng Oper Res 1(1):111\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31181\/smeor11202411","journal-title":"Spect Mech Eng Oper Res"},{"key":"1813_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8:338\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","journal-title":"Inf Control"},{"key":"1813_CR5","first-page":"751","volume":"11","author":"M Gehrke","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gehrke M, Walker C, Walker E (1996) Some comments on interval valued fuzzy sets. Structure 11:751\u2013759","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"1813_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(86)80034-3","volume":"20","author":"KT Atanassov","year":"1986","unstructured":"Atanassov KT (1986) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 20:87\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-0114(86)80034-3","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.31181\/jdaic10015082023t","volume":"3","author":"SP Tripathy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tripathy SP (2023) Bi-objective covering salesman problem with uncertainty. J Decis Anal Intell Comput 3(1):122\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31181\/jdaic10015082023t","journal-title":"J Decis Anal Intell Comput"},{"key":"1813_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar PS (2023) The theory and applications of the software-based PSK method for solving intuitionistic fuzzy solid transportation problems. In: Perspectives and considerations on the evolution of smart systems. IGI Global, pp. 137\u2013186. (ISBN 978\u20131\u201366847\u2013684\u20130)","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-7684-0.ch007"},{"key":"1813_CR9","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Studies in fuzziness and soft computing","author":"KT Atanassov","year":"1999","unstructured":"Atanassov KT (1999) Interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In: Intuitionistic fuzzy sets: theory and applications. In: Atanassov KT (ed) Studies in fuzziness and soft computing. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 139\u2013177 (ISBN 978-3-7908-1870-3)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31181\/sdmap1120241","volume":"1","author":"R Imran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Imran R, Ullah K, Ali Z, Akram M (2024) A multi-criteria group decision-making approach for robot selection using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy information and aczel-alsina bonferroni means. Spect Decis Mak Appl 1(1):1\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31181\/sdmap1120241","journal-title":"Spect Decis Mak Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.31181\/sor2120257","volume":"2","author":"A Alamin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alamin A, Rahaman M, Mondal SP (2024) Geometric approach for solving first order non-homogenous fuzzy difference equation. Spect Oper Res 2(1):61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31181\/sor2120257","journal-title":"Spect Oper Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.31181\/sdmap21202510","volume":"2","author":"KH Gazi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gazi KH, Raisa N, Biswas A, Azizzadeh F, Mondal SP (2024) Finding the most important criteria in women\u2019s empowerment for sports sector by pentagonal fuzzy DEMATEL methodology. Spect Decis Mak Appl 2(1):28\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31181\/sdmap21202510","journal-title":"Spect Decis Mak Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"1813_CR13","first-page":"359","volume":"21","author":"AR Mishra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mishra AR, Rani P, Cavallaro F, Alrasheedi AF (2023) Assessment of sustainable wastewater treatment technologies using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy distance measure-based MAIRCA method. Facta Univ Ser Mech Eng 21(3):359\u2013386","journal-title":"Facta Univ Ser Mech Eng"},{"key":"1813_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yager RR (2013) Pythagorean fuzzy subsets. In: Proceedings of the 2013 joint IFSA world congress and NAFIPS annual meeting (IFSA\/NAFIPS). IEEE, pp. 57\u201361","DOI":"10.1109\/IFSA-NAFIPS.2013.6608375"},{"key":"1813_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuong BC, Kreinovich V (2013) Picture fuzzy sets-a new concept for computational intelligence problems. In: Proceedings of the 2013 third world congress on information and communication technologies (WICT 2013); IEEE, pp. 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/WICT.2013.7113099"},{"key":"1813_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2016.2604005","volume":"25","author":"RR Yager","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yager RR (2016) Generalized orthopair fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 25:1222\u20131230","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"1813_CR17","unstructured":"Wang H, Smarandache F, Zhang Y, Sunderraman R (2010) Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets. Infinite study"},{"key":"1813_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120076","volume":"225","author":"E \u00c7ak\u0131r","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00c7ak\u0131r E, Ta\u015f MA (2023) Circular intuitionistic fuzzy decision making and its application. Expert Syst Appl 225:120076","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1813_CR19","first-page":"194","volume":"28","author":"O Irem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Irem O, Kahraman C (2022) A novel circular intuitionistic fuzzy AHP&VIKOR methodology: an application to a multi-expert supplier evaluation problem. Pamukkale \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 28:194\u2013207","journal-title":"Pamukkale \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"key":"1813_CR20","first-page":"295","volume":"42","author":"N Alkan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alkan N, Kahraman C (2022) Circular intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method: pandemic hospital location selection. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 42:295\u2013316","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"1813_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2023.119407","volume":"647","author":"\u0130 Otay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Otay \u0130, Onar S\u00c7, \u00d6ztay\u015fi B, Kahraman C (2023) A novel interval valued circular intuitionistic fuzzy ahp methodology: application in digital transformation project selection. Inf Sci 647:119407","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"1813_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7akir E, Ta\u015f MA, Ulukan Z (2021) A new circular intuitionistic fuzzy MCDM: a case of covid-19 medical waste landfill site evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 21st international symposium on computational intelligence and informatics (CINTI); IEEE, pp. 000143\u2013000148","DOI":"10.1109\/CINTI53070.2021.9668563"},{"issue":"3","key":"1813_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.22190\/FUME230805029W","volume":"21","author":"P Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang P, Zhu B, Yu Y, Ali Z, Almohsen B (2023) Complex intuitionistic fuzzy DOMBI prioritized aggregation operators and their application for resilient green supplier selection. Facta Univ Ser Mech Eng 21(3):339\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22190\/FUME230805029W","journal-title":"Facta Univ Ser Mech Eng"},{"key":"1813_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/int.20386","volume":"25","author":"H Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao H, Xu Z, Ni M, Liu S (2010) Generalized aggregation operators for intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Int J Intell Syst 25:1\u201330","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"1813_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/03081070600574353","volume":"35","author":"Z Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu Z, Yager RR (2006) Some geometric aggregation operators based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Int J Gen Syst 35:417\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03081070600574353","journal-title":"Int J Gen Syst"},{"key":"1813_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1002\/int.20498","volume":"26","author":"W Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang W, Liu X (2011) Intuitionistic fuzzy geometric aggregation operators based on einstein operations. Int J Intell Syst 26:1049\u20131075","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"1813_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14122655","volume":"14","author":"M Sarfraz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarfraz M, Ullah K, Akram M, Pamucar D, Bo\u017eani\u0107 D (2022) Prioritized aggregation operators for intuitionistic fuzzy information based on aczel-alsina T-norm and T-conorm and their applications in group decision-making. Symmetry 14:2655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym14122655","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"1813_CR28","unstructured":"Wang X (2008) Fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy arithmetic aggregation operators. Int J Fuzzy Syst 10(2)"},{"key":"1813_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12325","volume":"35","author":"D Rani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rani D, Garg H (2018) Complex intuitionistic fuzzy power aggregation operators and their applications in multicriteria decision-making. Expert Syst 35:e12325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exsy.12325","journal-title":"Expert Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.31181\/jdaic10006062023a","volume":"3","author":"A Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali A, Ullah K, Hussain A (2023) An approach to multi-attribute decision-making based on intuitionistic fuzzy soft information and Aczel-Alsina operational laws. J Decis Anal Intell Comput 3(1):80\u201389","journal-title":"J Decis Anal Intell Comput"},{"key":"1813_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2016.2634599","volume":"47","author":"P Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu P, Chen S-M (2016) Group decision making based on heronian aggregation operators of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. IEEE Trans Cybern 47:2514\u20132530","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"key":"1813_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.09.021","volume":"13","author":"D Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu D (2013) Intuitionistic fuzzy geometric heronian mean aggregation operators. Appl Soft Comput 13:1235\u20131246","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"1813_CR33","first-page":"570","volume":"230","author":"P Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu P, Liu Z, Zhang X (2014) Some intuitionistic uncertain linguistic heronian mean operators and their application to group decision making. Appl Math Comput 230:570\u2013586","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"1813_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10060199","volume":"10","author":"G Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang G, Zhang Z, Kong H (2018) Some normal intuitionistic fuzzy Heronian mean operators using Hamacher operation and their application. Symmetry 10(6):199","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"1813_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1080\/0952813X.2019.1694592","volume":"32","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang P, Wei G, Wei C, Wu J (2020) Some power heronian mean operators in multiple attribute decision-making based on q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy environment. J Exp Theor Artif Intell 32:909\u2013937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0952813X.2019.1694592","journal-title":"J Exp Theor Artif Intell"},{"key":"1813_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030829","volume":"17","author":"L Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu L, Wei G, Wu J, Wei C (2020) Some interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy dombi heronian mean operators and their application for evaluating the ecological value of forest ecological tourism demonstration areas. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:829","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.31181\/smeor11202415","volume":"1","author":"A Hussain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hussain A, Ullah K (2024) An intelligent decision support system for spherical fuzzy sugeno-weber aggregation operators and real-life applications. Spect Mech Eng Oper Res 1(1):177\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31181\/smeor11202415","journal-title":"Spect Mech Eng Oper Res"},{"key":"1813_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.7546\/nifs.2021.27.1.24-52","volume":"27","author":"C Kahraman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kahraman C, Alkan N (2021) Circular intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method with vague membership functions: supplier selection application context. Notes Intuition Fuzzy Sets 27:24\u201352","journal-title":"Notes Intuition Fuzzy Sets"},{"key":"1813_CR39","unstructured":"Some Q\u2010rung Orthopair Fuzzy Heronian Mean Operators in Multiple Attribute Decision Making\u2014Wei\u20142018\u2014International Journal of Intelligent Systems\u2014Wiley Online Library Available online: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/int.21985. (Accessed on 25 December 2022)."},{"key":"1813_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.5897\/AJBM11.2267","volume":"6","author":"Y Dejian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dejian Y, Yingyu W (2012) Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy heronian mean operators and their application in multi-criteria decision making. Afr J Bus Manage 6:4158\u20134168","journal-title":"Afr J Bus Manage"},{"key":"1813_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10110593","volume":"10","author":"H Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zhang R, Huang H, Wang J (2018) Some picture fuzzy dombi Heronian mean operators with their application to multi-attribute decision-making. Symmetry 10:593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym10110593","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"1813_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6268613","volume":"2023","author":"A Hussain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hussain A, Ullah K, Pamucar D, Haleemzai I, Tati\u0107 D (2023) Assessment of solar panel using multiattribute decision-making approach based on intuitionistic fuzzy aczel alsina heronian mean operator. Int J Intell Syst 2023:e6268613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/6268613","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"1813_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106603","volume":"124","author":"AR Mishra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mishra AR, Rani P, Deveci M, Gokasar I, Pamucar D, Govindan K (2023) Interval-valued fermatean fuzzy heronian mean operator-based decision-making method for urban climate change policy for transportation activities. Eng Appl Artif Intell 124:106603","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"1813_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-016-0630-z","volume":"9","author":"H Peng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peng H, Wang J, Cheng P (2018) A linguistic intuitionistic multi-criteria decision-making method based on the frank heronian mean operator and its application in evaluating coal mine safety. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 9:1053\u20131068","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"1813_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.08.072","volume":"325","author":"H Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren H, Koshy P, Chen W-F, Qi S, Sorrell CC (2017) Photocatalytic materials and technologies for air purification. J Hazard Mater 325:340\u2013366","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"4","key":"1813_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(81)90187-6","volume":"15","author":"A Martin","year":"1981","unstructured":"Martin A, Barber FR (1981) Sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and ozone measured continuously for 2 years at a rural site. Atmos Environ (1967) 15(4):567\u2013578","journal-title":"Atmos Environ (1967)"},{"key":"1813_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128947","volume":"435","author":"L Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan L, Yang Q, Peng L, Xie C, Luo K, Zhou L (2022) Molecular Engineering-based a dual-responsive fluorescent sensor for sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide detecting in acid rain and its imaging studies in biosystems. J Hazard Mater 435:128947","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"1813_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.12.001","volume":"197","author":"G Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang G (2015) PM2.5 opened a door to public participation addressing environmental challenges in China. Environ Pollut 197:313\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.12.001","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"1813_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119420","volume":"306","author":"Y Lyu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyu Y, Ju Q, Lv F, Feng J, Pang X, Li X (2022) Spatiotemporal variations of air pollutants and ozone prediction using machine learning algorithms in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from 2014 to 2021. Environ Pollut 306:119420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119420","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"1813_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.129","volume":"208","author":"H Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li H, Wang J, Li R, Lu H (2019) Novel analysis-forecast system based on multi-objective optimization for air quality index. J Clean Prod 208:1365\u20131383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.129","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1813_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120628","volume":"316","author":"W Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang W, Tang Q (2023) Combined model of air quality index forecasting based on the combination of complementary empirical mode decomposition and sequence reconstruction. Environ Pollut 316:120628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120628","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"1813_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.122504","volume":"191","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Z, Gao R, Wang P, Chen H (2023) A new perspective on air quality index time series forecasting: a ternary interval decomposition ensemble learning paradigm. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 191:122504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.122504","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Chang"},{"key":"1813_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2022.2164388","volume":"35","author":"T Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh T, Sharma N, Satakshi Kumar M (2023) Analysis and forecasting of air quality index based on satellite data. Inhal Toxicol 35:24\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08958378.2022.2164388","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"1813_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-022-01255-3","volume":"16","author":"X Xiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang X, Fahad S, Han MS, Naeem MR, Room S (2023) Air quality index prediction via multi-task machine learning technique: spatial analysis for human capital and intensive air quality monitoring stations. Air Qual Atmos Health 16:85\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11869-022-01255-3","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"key":"1813_CR55","unstructured":"Cromar K, Lazrak N (2023) Risk communication of ambient air pollution in the WHO European region: review of air quality indexes and lessons learned. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/365787"},{"key":"1813_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/for.2962","volume":"42","author":"C-H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang C-H, Chang C-R (2023) Forecasting air quality index considering socioeconomic indicators and meteorological factors: a data granularity perspective. J Forecast 42:1261\u20131274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/for.2962","journal-title":"J Forecast"},{"key":"1813_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5561","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155561","volume":"17","author":"H Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park H, Park S, Seo J (2020) Evaluation on air purifier\u2019s performance in reducing the concentration of fine particulate matter for occupants according to its operation methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:5561","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1813_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11111276","volume":"11","author":"J Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao J, Huang Y, Zhang Q (2021) Ambient air purification by nanotechnologies: from theory to application. Catalysts 11:1276","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"issue":"2","key":"1813_CR59","first-page":"22","volume":"5","author":"ROY Aditya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aditya ROY (2018) A review of general and modern methods of air purification. J Thermal Eng 5(2):22\u201328","journal-title":"J Thermal Eng"},{"key":"1813_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6205","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7205","volume":"6","author":"C Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu C, Hsu P-C, Lee H-W, Ye M, Zheng G, Liu N, Li W, Cui Y (2015) Transparent air filter for high-efficiency PM25 capture. Nat Commun 6:6205","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1813_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-019-3225-2","volume":"15","author":"D Ruan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruan D, Qin L, Chen R, Xu G, Su Z, Cheng J, Xie S, Cheng F, Ko F (2020) Transparent PAN:TiO2 and PAN-Co-PMA:TiO2 Nanofiber Composite Membranes with High Efficiency in Particulate Matter Pollutants Filtration. Nanoscale Res Lett, 15:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11671-019-3225-2","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"key":"1813_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1323(02)00212-3","volume":"38","author":"J Zhao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao J, Yang X (2003) Photocatalytic oxidation for indoor air purification: a literature review. Build Environ 38:645\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0360-1323(02)00212-3","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"1813_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2478\/v10019-011-0037-0","volume":"45","author":"M Skocaj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Skocaj M, Filipic M, Petkovic J, Novak S (2011) Titanium dioxide in our everyday life; is it safe? Radiol Oncol 45:227","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"1813_CR64","first-page":"77","volume":"23","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Z, Wei G (2019) Pythagorean fuzzy heronian mean operators in multiple attribute decision making and their application to supplier selection. Int J Knowl Based Intell Eng Syst 23:77\u201391","journal-title":"Int J Knowl Based Intell Eng Syst"},{"key":"1813_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6036","DOI":"10.3934\/math.2023305","volume":"8","author":"W Azeem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Azeem W, Mahmood W, Mahmood T, Ali Z, Naeem M, Azeem W, Mahmood W, Mahmood T, Ali Z, Naeem M (2023) Analysis of einstein aggregation operators based on complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their applications in multi-attribute decision-making. MATH 8:6036\u20136063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3934\/math.2023305","journal-title":"MATH"},{"key":"1813_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar PS (2024) Algorithms and software packages for solving transportation problems with intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. In: Operational research for renewable energy and sustainable environments. IGI Global, pp. 1\u201355","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-9130-0.ch001"},{"key":"1813_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2023.119379","volume":"283","author":"J Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du J, Cao H, Li Y, Yang Z, Eslamimanesh A, Fakhroleslam M, Mansouri SS, Shen W (2024) Development of Hybrid Surrogate Model Structures for Design and Optimization of CO2 Capture Processes: Part I. Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption in a Confined Space. Chem Eng Sci, 283:119379","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"1813_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mishra, S, Biswas, R, Sharma, V, Alkhaldi, N, Saraee, M, Khan, S.B (2025) AeroGlan: A Smart and Sustainable Plant Species Estimator For Organic And Localized Air Filtering. Recent Adv Electr Electron Eng Former Recent Pat Electr Electron Eng, 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0123520965324611241023180352","DOI":"10.2174\/0123520965324611241023180352"}],"container-title":["Complex & Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01813-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01813-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01813-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T11:22:16Z","timestamp":1747480936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01813-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01813-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-4536","2198-6053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-4536","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}],"article-number":"258"}}