{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T18:45:41Z","timestamp":1773945941831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2024JC-YBMS-342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2024JC-YBMS-342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-025-01901-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T07:11:31Z","timestamp":1746688291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MLK-TR: a Multi-branch Large Kernel TRansformer for UAV-based images"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8781-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jianjing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Baoxi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1901_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar A, Wang S, Shaikh AM et al (2024) Building on prior lightweight CNN model combined with LSTM-AM framework to guide fault detection in fixed-wing UAVs[J]. Int J Mach Learn Cybernet,: 1\u201317","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-024-02141-3"},{"key":"1901_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilal H, Aslam MS, Tian Y et al (2024) Enhancing trajectory tracking and vibration control of flexible robots with hybrid fuzzy ADRC and input Shaping[J]. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3453944"},{"key":"1901_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcon.2024.101020","volume":"78","author":"MS Aslam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aslam MS, Shamrooz S, Bilal H (2024) Fuzzy PD-sliding mode control design for networked system with time delays[J]. Eur J Control 78:101020","journal-title":"Eur J Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"1901_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-024-01544-7","volume":"10","author":"MS Aslam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aslam MS, Bilal H, Chang W et al (2024) Indirect adaptive observer control (I-AOC) design for truck\u2013trailer model based on T\u2013S fuzzy system with unknown nonlinear function[J]. Complex Intell Syst 10(5):7311\u20137331","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"1901_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-09442-9","volume":"28","author":"MS Aslam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aslam MS, Bilal H, Hayajneh M (2024) Lqr-based PID controller with variable load tuned with data-driven methods for double inverted pendulum[J]. Soft Comput 28(1):325\u2013338","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"1901_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","volume":"39","author":"S Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ren S, He K, Girshick R et al (2016) Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks[J]. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(6):1137\u20131149","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"1901_CR7","unstructured":"Redmon J (2018) Yolov3: An incremental improvement[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767"},{"key":"1901_CR8","unstructured":"Li C, Li L, Jiang H et al YOLOv6: A single-stage object detection framework for industrial applications[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.02976, 2022."},{"key":"1901_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang CY, Yeh IH, Liao HYM (2024) Yolov9: learning what you want to learn using programmable gradient information[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.13616","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72751-1_1"},{"key":"1901_CR10","unstructured":"Wang A, Chen H, Liu L et al (2024) Yolov10: Real-time end-to-end object detection[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.14458"},{"key":"1901_CR11","unstructured":"Zhu X, Su W, Lu L et al Deformable Detr: deformable Transformers for end-to-end object detection[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.04159, 2020."},{"key":"1901_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Lv W, Xu S et al (2024) Detrs beat yolos on real-time object detection[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.: 16965\u201316974","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01605"},{"key":"1901_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin TY, Doll\u00e1r P, Girshick R et al (2017) Feature pyramid networks for object detection, Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. pp. 2117\u20132125","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.106"},{"key":"1901_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu S, Qi L, Qin H et al (2018) Path aggregation network for instance segmentation, Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. pp. 8759\u20138768","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00913"},{"key":"1901_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124686","volume":"255","author":"R Jing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jing R, Zhang W, Li Y et al (2024) Feature aggregation network for small object detection[J]. Expert Syst Appl 255:124686","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1901_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121811","volume":"238","author":"D Tian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian D, Han Y, Wang S (2024) Object feedback and feature information retention for small object detection in intelligent transportation scenes[J]. Expert Syst Appl 238:121811","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1901_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang F, Wang H, Qin Z et al (2023) UAV target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv8[J]. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3743453\/v1"},{"key":"1901_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"72","author":"T Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye T, Qin W, Zhao Z et al (2023) Real-time object detection network in UAV-vision based on CNN and transformer[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 72:1\u201313","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"1901_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lan Z, Zhuang F, Lin Z et al (2024) MFO-Net: A Multi-Scale feature optimization network for UAV image object Detection[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3382090"},{"key":"1901_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42642","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3378748","volume":"12","author":"Z Qin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin Z, Chen D, Wang H (2024) MCA-YOLOv7: an improved UAV target detection algorithm based on YOLOv7[J]. IEEE Access 12:42642\u201342650","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1901_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2023.3234161","volume":"16","author":"W Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu W, Lan C, Niu C et al (2023) A cnn-transformer hybrid model based on Cswin transformer for uav image object detection[J]. IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Observations Remote Sens 16:1211\u20131231","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Observations Remote Sens"},{"key":"1901_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Liu D (2024) AdIn-DETR: adapting detection transformer for End-to-End Real-Time power line insulator defect detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3420265"},{"key":"1901_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Z, Xie F, Zhou J et al (2024) AIGDet: Altitude-Information guided vehicle target detection in UAV-Based Images[J]. IEEE Sens J","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3406540"},{"key":"1901_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"61","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu C, Guo W et al (2023) CFANet: efficient detection of UAV image based on cross-layer feature aggregation[J]. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 61:1\u201311","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"1901_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"71","author":"T Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye T, Zhang J, Li Y et al (2022) CT-Net: an efficient network for low-altitude object detection based on Convolution and transformer[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 71:1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"1901_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li B, Shang J et al (2023) DSA-Net: an Attention-Guided network for Real-Time defect detection of transmission line dampers applied to UAV Inspections[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3331418"},{"key":"1901_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123720","volume":"249","author":"Q Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Q, Lin K, Yin L (2024) 3D attention-focused pure convolutional target detection algorithm for insulator defect detection[J]. Expert Syst Appl 249:123720","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1901_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122669","volume":"241","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang H, Huang Q et al (2024) DsP-YOLO: an anchor-free network with DsPAN for small object detection of multiscale defects[J]. Expert Syst Appl 241:122669","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1901_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122365","volume":"239","author":"J Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma J, Hu S, Fu J et al (2024) A hierarchical attention detector for bearing surface defect detection[J]. Expert Syst Appl 239:122365","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1901_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122361","volume":"238","author":"J Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng J, Shao H, Xiao Y et al (2024) Industrial surface defect detection and localization using multi-scale information focusing and enhancement GANomaly[J]. Expert Syst Appl 238:122361","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1901_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121346","volume":"237","author":"P Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su P, Han H, Liu M et al (2024) MOD-YOLO: rethinking the YOLO architecture at the level of feature information and applying it to crack detection[J]. Expert Syst Appl 237:121346","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1901_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Song X, Feng L et al (2024) MCI-GLA Plug-in suitable for YOLO series models for transmission line insulator defect Detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3385817"},{"key":"1901_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"71","author":"K Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao K, Chen G, Zhao L et al (2022) An insulator defect detection model in aerial images based on multiscale feature pyramid network[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 71:1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"1901_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang L, Yuan B, Du J et al (2024) MFFSODNet: Multi-Scale feature fusion small object detection network for UAV aerial Images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3381272"},{"key":"1901_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo S, Park J, Lee JY et al (2018) Cbam: Convolutional block attention module[C]\/\/Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV).: 3\u201319","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01234-2_1"},{"key":"1901_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. M. Albaba and S. Ozer, SyNet: An Ensemble Network for Object Detection in UAV Images, in Proc. IEEE\/CVF Int. Conf. Pattern Recognit. (ICPR), Jan. 2021, pp. 10227\u201310234.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR48806.2021.9412847"},{"key":"1901_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Yu et al., The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Benchmark: Object Detection, Tracking and Baseline, Int J Comput. Vis, vol. 128, no. 5, pp. 1141\u20131159, May 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-019-01266-1"},{"key":"1901_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng Y, Huang J, Du S et al (2024) Hyper-yolo: when visual object detection Meets hypergraph computation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3524377"},{"issue":"4","key":"1901_CR39","first-page":"1922","volume":"44","author":"Z Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian Z, Shen C, Chen H et al (2020) FCOS: A simple and strong anchor-free object detector[J]. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 44(4):1922\u20131933","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"1901_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howard A, Sandler M, Chu G et al (2019) Searching for mobilenetv3[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision.: 1314\u20131324","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00140"},{"key":"1901_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan M, Pang R, Le QV, Efficientdet (2020) Scalable and efficient object detection[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition.: 10781\u201310790","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01079"},{"key":"1901_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Z, Guan Q, Zhao K et al (2024) Multi-Branch auxiliary fusion YOLO with Re-parameterization heterogeneous convolutional for accurate object detection[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.04381","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-8858-3_34"},{"key":"1901_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Hou Q, Zheng Z et al Large Selective Kernel Network for Remote Sensing Object Detection. arXiv 2023[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.09030","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01540"},{"key":"1901_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Kao S, He H et al (2023) Run, don\u2019t walk: chasing higher FLOPS for faster neural networks, in Proc. IEEE\/CVF Conf. Computer. Vis. Pattern Recognition. (CVPR), pp. 12021\u201312031","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01157"},{"key":"1901_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu X, Peng H, Zheng N et al (2023) Efficientvit: Memory efficient vision transformer with cascaded group attention, in Proc. IEEE\/CVF Conf. Computer. Vis. Pattern Recognition. (CVPR), pp. 14420\u201314430","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01386"},{"key":"1901_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin D, Leichner C, Delakis M et al (2024) MobileNetV4-Universal Models for the Mobile Ecosystem, arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.10518","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-73661-2_5"},{"key":"1901_CR47","unstructured":"Cai Y, Zhou Y, Han Q et al (2022) Reversible column networks[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.11696"},{"key":"1901_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma X, Dai X, Bai Y et al (2024) Rewrite the Stars, in Proc. IEEE\/CVF Conf. Computer. Vis. Pattern Recognition. (CVPR), pp. 5694\u20135703","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00544"}],"container-title":["Complex & Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01901-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01901-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01901-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T11:22:56Z","timestamp":1747480976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01901-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-025-01901-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-4536","2198-6053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-4536","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"280"}}