{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:08:05Z","timestamp":1773112085437,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-025-02028-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:49:00Z","timestamp":1756190940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["MFA-Deeplabv3+: an improved lightweight semantic segmentation algorithm based on Deeplabv3+"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7935-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2494-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0301-6712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0565-7057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6154-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2028_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22694","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3207665","volume":"23","author":"K Muhammad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muhammad K, Hussain T, Ullah H et al (2022) Vision-based semantic segmentation in scene Understanding for autonomous driving: recent achievements, challenges, and outlooks[J]. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 23(12):22694\u201322715","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"2028_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.01.005","volume":"493","author":"Y Mo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mo Y, Wu Y, Yang X et al (2022) Review the state-of-the-art technologies of semantic segmentation based on deep learning[J]. Neurocomputing 493:626\u2013646","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2028_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12020348","volume":"12","author":"L Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li L, Zhang W, Zhang X et al (2023) Semi-supervised remote sensing image semantic segmentation method based on deep learning[J]. Electronics 12(2):348","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2028_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09854-1","volume":"54","author":"S Asgari Taghanaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asgari Taghanaki S, Abhishek K, Cohen JP et al (2021) Deep semantic segmentation of natural and medical images: a review[J]. Artif Intell Rev 54:137\u2013178","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2028_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-023-01380-x","volume":"21","author":"P Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding P, Qian H (2024) Light-Deeplabv3+: a lightweight real-time semantic segmentation method for complex environment perception[J]. J Real-Time Image Proc 21(1):1","journal-title":"J Real-Time Image Proc"},{"key":"2028_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2021.3140101","volume":"15","author":"L Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu L, Zeng Z, Liu A et al (2022) A lightweight complex-valued DeepLabv3\u2009+\u2009for semantic segmentation of PolSAR image[J]. IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Observations Remote Sens 15:930\u2013943","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Observations Remote Sens"},{"issue":"14","key":"2028_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12143161","volume":"12","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang X, Yan T et al (2023) Dpnet: Dual-pyramid semantic segmentation network based on improved deeplabv3 plus[J]. Electronics 12(14):3161","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2028_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s13735-017-0141-z","volume":"7","author":"Y Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo Y, Liu Y, Georgiou T et al (2018) A review of semantic segmentation using deep neural networks[J]. Int J Multimedia Inform Retr 7:87\u201393","journal-title":"Int J Multimedia Inform Retr"},{"key":"2028_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.11.118","volume":"406","author":"S Hao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hao S, Zhou Y, Guo Y (2020) A brief survey on semantic segmentation with deep learning[J]. Neurocomputing 406:302\u2013321","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2028_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li L, Zhou T, Wang W et al (2022) Deep hierarchical semantic segmentation[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 1246\u20131257","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00131"},{"key":"2028_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu J, De Mello S, Liu S et al (2022) Groupvit: Semantic segmentation emerges from text supervision[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 18134\u201318144","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01760"},{"issue":"2","key":"2028_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-025-01668-0","volume":"22","author":"X Gu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gu X, Zhang G (2025) PSC-YOLO: a lightweight model for urban road instance segmentation[J]. J Real-Time Image Proc 22(2):1\u201313","journal-title":"J Real-Time Image Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2028_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.12419","volume":"16","author":"R Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang R, Lei T, Cui R et al (2022) Medical image segmentation using deep learning: A survey[J]. IET Image Proc 16(5):1243\u20131267","journal-title":"IET Image Proc"},{"key":"2028_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burges M, Dias PA, Lunga D et al (2025) Interactive Rotated Object Detection for Novel Class Detection in Remotely Sensed Imagery[C]\/\/Proceedings of the Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. 1219\u20131227","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW65960.2025.00135"},{"issue":"11","key":"2028_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21405","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3177615","volume":"23","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang H, Chen Y, Cai Y et al (2022) SFNet-N: an improved SFNet algorithm for semantic segmentation of low-light autonomous driving road scenes[J]. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 23(11):21405\u201321417","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"2028_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2021.08.105","volume":"465","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Jiang F, Yang J et al (2021) Lane-DeepLab: lane semantic segmentation in automatic driving scenarios for high-definition maps[J]. Neurocomputing 465:15\u201325","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2028_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu S, Liu L, Tang J et al (2019) Edge computing for autonomous driving: Opportunities and challenges[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 107(8): 1697\u20131716","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2915983"},{"key":"2028_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3042065","volume":"30","author":"T Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu T, Tang S, Zhang R et al (2020) Cgnet: A light-weight context guided network for semantic segmentation[J]. IEEE Trans Image Process 30:1169\u20131179","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"2028_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2750080","volume":"19","author":"E Romera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Romera E, Alvarez JM, Bergasa LM et al (2017) Erfnet: efficient residual factorized Convnet for real-time semantic segmentation[J]. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 19(1):263\u2013272","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"2028_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bok K, Kim Y, Kim A et al (2025) An Optimized Edge Platform for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving[C]\/\/2025 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC). IEEE, 1\u20133","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEIC64972.2025.10879728"},{"key":"2028_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu X, Chen Y, Sun C et al (2024) DMFF-YOLO: YOLOv8 based on dynamic multiscale feature fusion for object detection on UAV aerial Photography[J]. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3452716"},{"key":"2028_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dou Z, Ye D, Wang B, AutoSegEdge (2023) Searching for the edge device real-time semantic segmentation based on multi-task learning[J]. Image Vis Comput 136:104719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2023.104719"},{"key":"2028_CR23","unstructured":"Safavi F, Ali I, Dasari V et al (2022) Efficient semantic segmentation on edge devices[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.13691"},{"key":"2028_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen HH, Tran DNN, Jeon JW (2022) Real-time semantic segmentation on edge devices with nvidia jetson agx xavier[C]\/\/2022 IEEE international conference on consumer electronics-Asia (ICCE-Asia). IEEE, 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-Asia57006.2022.9954835"},{"key":"2028_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang S, Sun T, Peng J et al (2023) Pp-mobileseg: explore the fast and accurate semantic segmentation model on mobile devices[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.05152","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCASIT58768.2023.10351754"},{"key":"2028_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long J, Shelhamer E, Darrell T (2015) Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 3431\u20133440","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"2028_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronneberger O, Fischer P, Brox T (2015) U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation[C]\/\/Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention\u2013MICCAI 2015: 18th international conference, Munich, Germany, October 5\u20139, 2015, proceedings, part III 18. Springer international publishing, 234\u2013241","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"key":"2028_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao H, Shi J, Qi X et al (2017) Pyramid scene parsing network[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 2881\u20132890","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.660"},{"key":"2028_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen LC, Zhu Y, Papandreou G et al (2018) Encoder-decoder with atrous separable convolution for semantic image segmentation[C]\/\/Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV). 801\u2013818","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01234-2_49"},{"key":"2028_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Z, Wang J, Yang K et al (2022) Semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images based on a class feature attention mechanism fused with Deeplabv3+[J], vol 158. Computers & Geosciences, p 104969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2021.104969"},{"issue":"1","key":"2028_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60375-1","volume":"14","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Yang L, Liu X et al (2024) An improved semantic segmentation algorithm for high-resolution remote sensing images based on DeepLabv3+[J]. Sci Rep 14(1):9716","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2028_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chollet F, Xception (2017) Deep learning with depthwise separable convolutions[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 1251\u20131258","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.195"},{"key":"2028_CR33","unstructured":"Howard AG, Zhu M, Chen B et al (2017) Mobilenets: efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.04861"},{"key":"2028_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandler M, Howard A, Zhu M et al (2018) Mobilenetv2: Inverted residuals and linear bottlenecks[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 4510\u20134520","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00474"},{"key":"2028_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang G, An J, Yang Z et al (2024) Stacked intelligent metasurfaces for task-oriented semantic communications[J]. IEEE Wirel Commun Lett","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3499970"},{"key":"2028_CR36","unstructured":"Liu H, An J, Jia X et al (2024) Stacked intelligent metasurfaces for wireless sensing and communication: applications and challenges[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.03566"},{"key":"2028_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng H, Xiang S, Chen M et al (2024) DCN-Deeplabv3+: A novel road segmentation algorithm based on improved Deeplabv3+[J]. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3416468"},{"key":"2028_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu J, Shen L, Sun G (2018) Squeeze-and-excitation networks[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 7132\u20137141","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00745"},{"key":"2028_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Q, Wu B, Zhu P et al (2020) ECA-Net: Efficient channel attention for deep convolutional neural networks[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 11534\u201311542","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01155"},{"key":"2028_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordts M, Omran M, Ramos S et al (2016) The cityscapes dataset for semantic urban scene understanding[C]\/\/Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 3213\u20133223","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.350"}],"container-title":["Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-025-02028-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40747-025-02028-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40747-025-02028-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:33:31Z","timestamp":1758807211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40747-025-02028-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-025-02028-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-4536","2198-6053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-4536","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"424"}}