{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T14:22:52Z","timestamp":1775485372846,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007210","name":"RWTH Aachen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Fuzzy Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Developing a sustainable healthcare system directly depends on the level of maturity in environmental, social, and economic practices. Although there are huge number of researches considering environmental, social, and economic aspects, to the best of our knowledge, no approach was found which unifies these dimensions as an integrated method to assess the current status of sustainable development in healthcare organizations. In order to cope with this gap, this article suggests a method for analyzing the sustainability indicator in healthcare systems by manipulating the sustainability dimensions, criteria, and attributes. The following research has collected 62 attributes and 15 criteria for three sustainability dimensions. A new implementation method is also proposed to make this approach applicable in real-world problems. The contributions of this paper can be distinguished as the healthcare system\u2019s sustainability level in imprecise conditions is obtained, the capability of identifying the weak points in implementing sustainability aspects is presented, and a new methodology for collecting the fundamental data for measuring the sustainability level in healthcare systems is given. The findings of this paper assist the practitioners and experts to successfully evaluate the sustainability level of healthcare systems and significantly improve the performance of them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-021-01128-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T21:02:56Z","timestamp":1626555776000},"page":"1182-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Healthcare Sustainability Evaluation Using a Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Asma","family":"Erjaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepehr","family":"Hendiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shohreh","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Bagherpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1128_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.05.065","volume":"536","author":"S Hendiani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hendiani, S., Liao, H., Ren, R., Lev, B.: A likelihood-based multi-criteria sustainable supplier selection approach with complex preference information. Inf. Sci. (Ny) 536, 135\u2013155 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2020.05.065","journal-title":"Inf. Sci. (Ny)"},{"key":"1128_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106456","author":"S Hendiani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hendiani, S., Mahmoudi, A., Liao, H.: A multi-stage multi-criteria hierarchical decision-making approach for sustainable supplier selection. Appl. Soft Comput. J. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106456","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput. J."},{"key":"1128_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2015.1079340","volume":"54","author":"K Zimmer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zimmer, K., Fr\u00f6hling, M., Schultmann, F.: Sustainable supplier management\u2014a review of models supporting sustainable supplier selection, monitoring and development. Int. J. Prod. Res. 54, 1412\u20131442 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2015.1079340","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"1128_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.220","volume":"17","author":"J Sarkis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sarkis, J., Helms, M.M., Hervani, A.A.: Reverse logistics and social sustainability. Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag. 17, 337\u2013354 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/csr.220","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"1128_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.09.261","volume":"207","author":"LE Hombach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hombach, L.E., Dor\u00e9, L., Heidgen, K., Maas, H., Wallington, T.J., Walther, G.: Economic and environmental assessment of current (2015) and future (2030) use of E-fuels in light-duty vehicles in Germany. J. Clean. Prod. 207, 153\u2013162 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.09.261","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.12.015","volume":"162","author":"CP Mart\u00ed-Ballester","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mart\u00ed-Ballester, C.P.: Sustainable energy systems and company performance: does the implementation of sustainable energy systems improve companies\u2019 financial performance? J. Clean. Prod. 162, S35\u2013S50 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.12.015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2020.101869","author":"R Rodriguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodriguez, R., Svensson, G., Wood, G.: Assessing corporate planning of future sustainability initiatives in private healthcare organizations. Eval. Program Plan. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2020.101869","journal-title":"Eval. Program Plan."},{"key":"1128_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2020.100453","author":"R Bharathi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bharathi, R., Abirami, T., Dhanasekaran, S., Gupta, D., Khanna, A., Elhoseny, M., Shankar, K.: Energy efficient clustering with disease diagnosis model for IoT based sustainable healthcare systems. Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suscom.2020.100453","journal-title":"Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst."},{"key":"1128_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.11.209","author":"Y Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Arthanari, T., Liu, X., Yang, B.: Sustainable transportation management: integrated modeling and support. J. Clean. Prod. (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.11.209","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.154","volume":"190","author":"M Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma, M.: Development of a \u2018Green building sustainability model\u2019 for Green buildings in India. J. Clean. Prod. 190, 538\u2013551 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.154","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.08.177","volume":"202","author":"T Garc\u00eda-Segura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Segura, T., Penad\u00e9s-Pl\u00e0, V., Yepes, V.: Sustainable bridge design by metamodel-assisted multi-objective optimization and decision-making under uncertainty. J. Clean. Prod. 202, 904\u2013915 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.08.177","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13070630","author":"YK Juan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Juan, Y.K., Cheng, Y.C., Perng, Y.H., Castro-Lacouture, D.: Optimal decision model for sustainable hospital building renovation\u2014a case study of a vacant school building converting into a community Public Hospital. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph13070630","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"1128_CR13","unstructured":"Castro, M. de F., Mateus, R., Bragan\u00e7a, L.: The importance of the hospital buildings to the sustainability of the built environment. 1st Int. Conf. Build. Sustain. Assessment at Porto. 1, (2012). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/282659543_The_importance_of_the_hospital_buildings_to_the_sustainability_of_the_built_environment#fullTextFileContent"},{"key":"1128_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.08.157","volume":"203","author":"M Hussain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hussain, M., Ajmal, M.M., Gunasekaran, A., Khan, M.: Exploration of social sustainability in healthcare supply chain. J. Clean. Prod. 203, 977\u2013989 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.08.157","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.08.098","volume":"139","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chauhan, A., Singh, A.: A hybrid multi-criteria decision making method approach for selecting a sustainable location of healthcare waste disposal facility. J. Clean. Prod. 139, 1001\u20131010 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.08.098","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.10.055","volume":"134","author":"MH Rahman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rahman, M.H., Tumpa, T.J., Ali, S.M., Paul, S.K.: A grey approach to predicting healthcare performance. Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed. 134, 307\u2013325 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.10.055","journal-title":"Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed."},{"key":"1128_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.01.076","volume":"94","author":"N Campion","year":"2015","unstructured":"Campion, N., Thiel, C.L., Woods, N.C., Swanzy, L., Landis, A.E., Bilec, M.M.: Sustainable healthcare and environmental life-cycle impacts of disposable supplies: a focus on disposable custom packs. J. Clean. Prod. 94, 46\u201355 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.01.076","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2017.03.135","volume":"38","author":"M Stevanovic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stevanovic, M., Allacker, K., Vermeulen, S.: Hospital building sustainability: the experience in using qualitative tools and steps towards the life cycle approach. Procedia Environ. Sci. 38, 445\u2013451 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proenv.2017.03.135","journal-title":"Procedia Environ. Sci."},{"key":"1128_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.05.445","volume":"224","author":"CY Goh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goh, C.Y., Marimuthu, M.: The path towards healthcare sustainability: the role of organisational commitment. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 224, 587\u2013592 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.05.445","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"1128_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2018.11.013","volume":"102","author":"JHY Ng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ng, J.H.Y., Luk, B.H.K.: Patient satisfaction: concept analysis in the healthcare context. Patient Educ. Couns. 102, 790\u2013796 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2018.11.013","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"key":"1128_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2005.01.011","volume":"101","author":"CT Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin, C.T., Chiu, H., Tseng, Y.H.: Agility evaluation using fuzzy logic. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 101, 353\u2013368 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2005.01.011","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"1128_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2017.06.028","volume":"133","author":"\u0130 Otay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Otay, \u0130, Oztaysi, B., Cevik Onar, S., Kahraman, C.: Multi-expert performance evaluation of healthcare institutions using an integrated intuitionistic fuzzy AHP&DEA methodology. Knowl. Based Syst. 133, 90\u2013106 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2017.06.028","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"key":"1128_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106140","author":"AR Mishra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mishra, A.R., Rani, P., Mardani, A., Pardasani, K.R., Govindan, K., Alrasheedi, M.: Healthcare evaluation in hazardous waste recycling using novel interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy information based on complex proportional assessment method. Comput. Ind. Eng. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106140","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"1128_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-019-00943-0","volume":"22","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, H., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Cao, X., Zhu, J., Chen, W.: Establishing an interval-valued fuzzy decision-making method for sustainable selection of healthcare waste treatment technologies in the emerging economies. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 22, 501\u2013514 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10163-019-00943-0","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag."},{"key":"1128_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai, H.F.: Applying fuzzy AHP to evaluate the sustainability of knowledge-based virtual communities in healthcare industry. 2010 7th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. Proceedings of ICSSSM\u2019 10, pp. 1033\u20131038 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSSSM.2010.5530091","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSSM.2010.5530091"},{"key":"1128_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122807","author":"AR Mishra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mishra, A.R., Mardani, A., Rani, P., Zavadskas, E.K.: A novel EDAS approach on intuitionistic fuzzy set for assessment of health-care waste disposal technology using new parametric divergence measures. J. Clean. Prod. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122807","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOA-04-2019-1752","volume":"28","author":"M Suresh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suresh, M., Vaishnavi, V., Pai, R.D.: Leanness evaluation in health-care organizations using fuzzy logic approach. Int. J. Organ. Anal. 28, 1201\u20131225 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJOA-04-2019-1752","journal-title":"Int. J. Organ. Anal."},{"key":"1128_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2014.06.096","volume":"15","author":"P Ghadimi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghadimi, P., Heavey, C.: Sustainable supplier selection in medical device industry: toward sustainable manufacturing. Procedia CIRP 15, 165\u2013170 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procir.2014.06.096","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"1128_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.01.103","volume":"38","author":"G B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zkan","year":"2011","unstructured":"B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zkan, G., \u00c7if\u00e7i, G., G\u00fclery\u00fcz, S.: Strategic analysis of healthcare service quality using fuzzy AHP methodology. Expert Syst. Appl. 38, 9407\u20139424 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.01.103","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"1128_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13675567.2020.1761308","author":"S Hendiani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hendiani, S., Liao, H., Jabbour, C.J.C.: A new sustainability indicator for supply chains: theoretical and practical contribution towards sustainable operations. Int. J. Logist. Res. Appl. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13675567.2020.1761308","journal-title":"Int. J. Logist. Res. Appl."},{"key":"1128_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-019-00727-6","volume":"22","author":"JH Yoon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoon, J.H.: Fuzzy mediation analysis. Int. J. Fuzzy Syst. 22, 338\u2013349 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40815-019-00727-6","journal-title":"Int. J. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"1128_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.07.031","volume":"71","author":"S Rajak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajak, S., Parthiban, P., Dhanalakshmi, R.: Sustainable transportation systems performance evaluation using fuzzy logic. Ecol. Indic. 71, 503\u2013513 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.07.031","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"1128_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6128(04)00122-3","author":"O Maamari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maamari, O., Maurice, J., Brandam, C., Lteif, R., Salameh, D.: Indicators of sustainable development for health care waste treatment industry. Environ. Res. Eng. Manag. (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1359-6128(04)00122-3","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"1128_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.04.031","volume":"79","author":"M Millar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Millar, M.: Patient rights and healthcare-associated infection. J. Hosp. Infect. 79, 99\u2013102 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.04.031","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"1128_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2018.03.005","volume":"122","author":"W Quentin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quentin, W., Geissler, A., Wittenbecher, F., Ballinger, G., Berenson, R., Bloor, K., Forgione, D.A., K\u00f6pf, P., Kroneman, M., Serden, L., Suarez, R., van Manen, J.W., Busse, R.: Paying hospital specialists: experiences and lessons from eight high-income countries. Health Policy (New York) 122, 473\u2013484 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthpol.2018.03.005","journal-title":"Health Policy (New York)"},{"key":"1128_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.11.051","volume":"110","author":"R Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas, R., Gupta, R., Griessenauer, C.J., Moore, J.M., Adeeb, N., Motiei-Langroudi, R., Guidal, B., Agarwal, N., Alterman, R.L., Friedlander, R.M., Ogilvy, C.S., Thomas, A.J.: Medical malpractice in neurosurgery: a comprehensive analysis. World Neurosurg. 110, e552\u2013e559 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.11.051","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"1128_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5430\/jha.v6n2p10","volume":"6","author":"A Cheung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheung, A., Clayden, N., Ocampo, W., Kiplagat, L., Kaufman, J., Baylis, B., Conly, J.M., Ghali, W.A., Ho, C.H., Stelfox, H.T., Hogan, D.B.: Documentation and investigation of missing health care equipment: the need to safeguard high priced devices in health care institutions. J. Hosp. Adm. 6, 10 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5430\/jha.v6n2p10","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Adm."},{"key":"1128_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-232X.1978.tb00117.x","volume":"17","author":"B Becker","year":"1978","unstructured":"Becker, B.: Hospital unionism and employment stability. Ind. Relat. (Berkeley) 17, 96\u2013101 (1978). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-232X.1978.tb00117.x","journal-title":"Ind. Relat. (Berkeley)"},{"key":"1128_CR39","first-page":"267","volume":"108","author":"B Carey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carey, B., O\u2019Carroll-Lolait, C., Donlon, N.E., McDermott, S.J., Lahiff, C., Byrne, D.: In-hospital paging systems: an effective method of communication between hospital staff in 2015? Ir. Med. J. 108, 267\u2013270 (2015)","journal-title":"Ir. Med. J."},{"key":"1128_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01321.x","volume":"31","author":"S Snelgrove","year":"2000","unstructured":"Snelgrove, S., Hughes, D.: Interprofessional relations between doctors and nurses: perspectives from South Wales. J. Adv. Nurs. 31, 661\u2013667 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01321.x","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"1128_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.21.5.90","volume":"21","author":"JJ Cohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cohen, J.J., Gabriel, B.A., Terrell, C.: The case for diversity in the health care workforce. Health Aff. 21, 90\u2013102 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.21.5.90","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"1128_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-11-24","author":"JI Blanford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blanford, J.I., Kumar, S., Luo, W., MacEachren, A.M.: It\u2019s a long, long walk: accessibility to hospitals, maternity and integrated health centers in Niger. Int. J. Health Geogr. (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-072X-11-24","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Geogr."},{"key":"1128_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6743.98","volume":"301","author":"MO Roland","year":"1990","unstructured":"Roland, M.O., Bartholomew, J., Morrell, D.C., McDermott, A., Paul, E.: Understanding hospital referral rates: a user\u2019s guide. Br. Med. J. 301, 98\u2013102 (1990)","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"1128_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.186012","volume":"60","author":"A Kulshrestha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kulshrestha, A., Singh, J.: Inter-hospital and intra-hospital patient transfer: recent concepts. Indian J. Anaesth. 60, 451\u2013457 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5049.186012","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"1128_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2862","volume":"71","author":"TF Bishop","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bishop, T.F., Press, M.J., Keyhani, S., Pincus, H.A.: Acceptance of insurance by psychiatrists and the implications for access to mental health care. JAMA Psychiatry 71, 176\u2013181 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2862","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1128_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692007000500020","volume":"15","author":"DO da Silva","year":"2007","unstructured":"da Silva, D.O., Grou, C.R., Miasso, A.I., Cassiani, S.H.D.B.: Medication preparation and administration: analysis of inquiries and information by the nursing team. Rev. Lat. Am. Enferm. 15, 1010\u20131017 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0104-11692007000500020","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Am. Enferm."},{"key":"1128_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v27i5.13","volume":"27","author":"L Shahmoradi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shahmoradi, L., Safadari, R., Jimma, W.: Knowledge management implementation and the tools utilized in healthcare for evidence-based decision making: a systematic review. Ethiop. J. Health Sci. 27, 541 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ejhs.v27i5.13","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"1128_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(80)90048-1","volume":"1","author":"A Hambraeus","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hambraeus, A., Malmborg, A.S.: Disinfection or cleaning of hospital toilets\u2014an evaluation of different routines. J. Hosp. Infect. 1, 159\u2013163 (1980). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0195-6701(80)90048-1","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"1128_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2017.11.013","volume":"34","author":"A Aupia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aupia, A., Lee, T.T., Liu, C.Y., Wu, S.F.V., Mills, M.E.: Caring behavior perceived by nurses, patients and nursing students in Indonesia. J. Prof. Nurs. 34, 314\u2013319 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.profnurs.2017.11.013","journal-title":"J. Prof. Nurs."},{"key":"1128_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2014.11.013","volume":"115","author":"I Dall\u2019Oglio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dall\u2019Oglio, I., Nicol\u00f2, R., Di. Ciommo, V., Bianchi, N., Ciliento, G., Gawronski, O., Pomponi, M., Roberti, M., Tiozzo, E., Raponi, M.: A systematic review of hospital foodservice patient satisfaction studies. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 115, 567\u2013584 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jand.2014.11.013","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"1128_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-6-106","author":"RD Friele","year":"2006","unstructured":"Friele, R.D., Sluijs, E.M.: Patient expectations of fair complaint handling in hospitals: empirical data. BMC Health Serv. Res. (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-6-106","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"1128_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60306-2","volume":"371","author":"D McCoy","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCoy, D., Bennett, S., Witter, S., Pond, B., Baker, B., Gow, J., Chand, S., Ensor, T., McPake, B.: Salaries and incomes of health workers in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 371, 675\u2013681 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60306-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1128_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2005.07.005","volume":"77","author":"C Suraratdecha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suraratdecha, C., Okunade, A.A.: Measuring operational efficiency in a health care system: a case study from Thailand. Health Policy (New York) 77, 2\u201323 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthpol.2005.07.005","journal-title":"Health Policy (New York)"},{"key":"1128_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.09.012","volume":"2","author":"A Maynard","year":"1984","unstructured":"Maynard, A.: Budgeting in health care systems. Eff. Health Care 2, 41\u201349 (1984). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2011.09.012","journal-title":"Eff. Health Care"},{"key":"1128_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2008.00942.x","volume":"44","author":"PS Hussey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hussey, P.S., De. Vries, H., Romley, J., Wang, M.C., Chen, S.S., Shekelle, P.G., McGlynn, E.A.: A systematic review of health care efficiency measures: health care efficiency. Health Serv. Res. 44, 784\u2013805 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2008.00942.x","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"1128_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfbs.2011.07.001","volume":"5","author":"PB Ginsburg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ginsburg, P.B., Koretz, D.M.: Bed availability and hospital utilization: estimates of the \u201cRoemer effect.\u201d Health Care Financ. Rev. 5, 87\u201392 (1983). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfbs.2011.07.001","journal-title":"Health Care Financ. Rev."},{"key":"1128_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.010302","author":"Q Eichbaum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eichbaum, Q., Hoverman, A., Cherniak, W., Evert, J., Nezami, E., Hall, T.: Career opportunities in global health: a snapshot of the current employment landscape. J. Glob. Health (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.05.010302","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"1128_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.3.3.135","volume":"3","author":"JR Virts","year":"1984","unstructured":"Virts, J.R., Wilson, G.W.: Inflation and health care prices update. Health Aff. (Millwood) 3, 135\u2013136 (1984). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.3.3.135","journal-title":"Health Aff. (Millwood)"},{"key":"1128_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.3390\/w7073613","volume":"7","author":"ZW Geem","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geem, Z.W.: Multiobjective optimization of water distribution networks using fuzzy theory and harmony search. Water (Switzerland) 7, 3613\u20133625 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w7073613","journal-title":"Water (Switzerland)"},{"key":"1128_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.055","volume":"230","author":"S Hendiani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hendiani, S., Bagherpour, M.: Developing an integrated index to assess social sustainability in construction industry using fuzzy logic. J. Clean. Prod. 230, 647\u2013662 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.055","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1128_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6077","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-019-00464-8","volume":"22","author":"S Hendiani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hendiani, S., Bagherpour, M.: Development of sustainability index using Z-numbers: a new possibilistic hierarchical model in the context of Z-information. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 22, 6077\u20136109 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-019-00464-8","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"1128_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113800","author":"S Hendiani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hendiani, S., Liao, H., Bagherpour, M., Tvaronavi\u0109iene, M., Banaitis, A., Antucheviciene, J.: Analyzing the status of sustainable development in the manufacturing sector using multi-expert multi- criteria fuzzy decision-making and integrated triple bottom lines. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17113800","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Fuzzy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40815-021-01128-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40815-021-01128-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40815-021-01128-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T13:32:45Z","timestamp":1649597565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40815-021-01128-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40815-021-01128-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1562-2479","2199-3211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1562-2479","type":"print"},{"value":"2199-3211","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}