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For some, location-aware applications are primarily a producer of geospatial Big Data required for vital geospatial analysis and visualization of the spread of the disease in a state of emergency. For others, comprehensive tracking of citizens constitutes a dangerous violation of fundamental rights. Commercial web-based location-aware applications both collect data and\u2014through spatial analysis and connection to services\u2014provide value to users. This value is what motivates users to share increasingly private and comprehensive data. The willingness of users to share data in return for services has been a key concern with web-based variants of the technology since the beginning. With a focus on two privacy preserving CoViD-19 contact tracking applications, this survey walks through the key steps of developing a privacy preserving context-aware application: from types of applications and business models, through architectures and privacy strategies, to representations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40860-020-00111-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T16:02:37Z","timestamp":1600963357000},"page":"191-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Location-aware systems or location-based services: a survey with applications to CoViD-19 contact tracking"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-7819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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