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Consequently, sensors are frequently in short supply, resulting in critical gaps in environmental data collection. Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) protocols address these challenges by enabling long-range, low-energy communication. In this context, LoRaMesh networks rely on autonomous router nodes to maintain multi-hop connectivity in remote environments. Therefore, the dependability of individual nodes becomes a critical factor for sustaining reliable network operation. To this end, we develop a formal modeling approach using stochastic Petri nets (SPN) to evaluate the dependability and energy-driven availability of an autonomous LoRaMesh router node equipped with multiple energy sources. The results indicate that the modeled node maintains steady-state availability above 98%, with the battery serving as an effective buffer even under cloudy conditions. Sensitivity analysis reveals that a 50% reduction in solar charging capacity can decrease availability by up to 15%. These findings highlight the impact of environmental factors on hardware reliability and provide design guidelines and quantitative assurance for prototyping resilient LoRaMesh router nodes in unpredictable remote environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40860-026-00270-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T01:46:30Z","timestamp":1780969590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards dependable IoT in remote environments: a stochastic Petri net model for energy-harvesting LoRaMesh router nodes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"270_CR1","unstructured":"(2020) LoRa Alliance: LoRaWAN 1.0.3 specification. 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