{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:04:53Z","timestamp":1776679493095,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007210","name":"RWTH Aachen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Data Sci Anal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The purchase-to-pay (P2P) process is one of the core business processes in any organization. It ensures the correct and efficient provisioning of materials and services. An efficient P2P process reduces operational costs by ensuring discounts, avoiding late payments, and choosing the optimal supplier for the goods. Process mining techniques help practitioners optimize the execution of P2P processes by analyzing the execution data and providing useful insights. However, existing techniques may result in misleading insights due to many-to-many relationships between business objects, e.g., between orders and invoices in the P2P process. Recently, object-centric process mining techniques have been proposed to avoid the limitations of traditional process mining techniques. In this paper, we present a case study on a real-life P2P process using object-centric process mining techniques. To that end, we adopt the well-known PM\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$^{2}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msup>\n                            <mml:mrow\/>\n                            <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:msup>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    process mining project methodology to the object-centric setting and analyze the performance and compliance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-023-00427-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T00:01:40Z","timestamp":1689465700000},"page":"475-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analyzing interconnected processes: using object-centric process mining to analyze procurement processes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Berti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gyunam","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Rafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wil M. P.","family":"van der Aalst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"427_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adams, J.N., van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P.: Oc$$\\pi $$: object-centric process insights. In: Bernardinello, L., Petrucci, L. (eds.) Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency\u201443rd International Conference, PETRI NETS 2022, Bergen, Norway, June 19\u201324, 2022, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13288, pp 139\u2013150. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-06653-5_8 (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06653-5_8"},{"key":"427_CR2","unstructured":"Badakhshan, P., Bernhart, G., Geyer-Klingeberg, J., et\u00a0al.: The action engine-turning process insights into action. ICPM Demos (2019)"},{"key":"427_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berti, A., Park, G., Rafiei, M., et\u00a0al.: An event data extraction approach from SAP ERP for process mining. In: Munoz-Gama, J., Lu, X. (eds.) Process Mining Workshops\u2014ICPM 2021 International Workshops, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, October 31\u2013November 4, 2021, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 433, pp. 255\u2013267. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-98581-3_19 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-98581-3_19"},{"key":"427_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berti, A., van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P.: OC-PM: analyzing object-centric event logs and process models. CoRR (2022). arXiv:2209.09725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-022-00668-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"427_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-018-0664-7","volume":"18","author":"EGL de Murillas","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Murillas, E.G.L., Reijers, H.A., van der Aalst, W.M.P.: Connecting databases with process mining: a meta model and toolset. Softw. Syst. Model. 18(2), 1209\u20131247 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10270-018-0664-7","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"427_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ER, M., Astuti, H.M., Wardhani, I.R.K.: Material movement analysis for warehouse business process improvement with process mining: a case study. In: Bae, J., Suriadi, S., Wen, L. (eds.) Asia Pacific Business Process Management\u2014Third Asia Pacific Conference, AP-BPM 2015, Busan, South Korea, June 24\u201326, 2015, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 219, pp. 115\u2013127. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19509-4_9 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19509-4_9"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"427_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s13740-021-00122-1","volume":"10","author":"S Esser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Esser, S., Fahland, D.: Multi-dimensional event data in graph databases. J Data Semant 10(1\u20132), 109\u2013141 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13740-021-00122-1","journal-title":"J Data Semant"},{"key":"427_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fahland, D.: Multi-dimensional process analysis. In: Ciccio, C.D., Dijkman, R.M., del-R\u00edo-Ortega, A., et\u00a0al. (eds.) Business Process Management\u201420th International Conference, BPM 2022, M\u00fcnster, Germany, September 11\u201316, 2022, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13420, pp. 27\u201333. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16103-2_3 (2022a)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16103-2_3"},{"key":"427_CR9","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08848-3_9","volume-title":"Process Mining Handbook","author":"D Fahland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fahland, D.: Process mining over multiple behavioral dimensions with event knowledge graphs. In: van der Aalst, W.M.P., Carmona, J. (eds.) Process Mining Handbook. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 448, pp. 274\u2013319. Springer, New York (2022)"},{"key":"427_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fleig, C., Augenstein, D., Maedche, A.: Designing a process mining-enabled decision support system for business process standardization in ERP implementation projects. In: Weske, M., Montali, M., Weber, I., et\u00a0al. (eds.) Business Process Management Forum\u2014BPM Forum 2018, Sydney, NSW, Australia, September 9\u201314, 2018, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 329, pp 228\u2013244. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-98651-7_14 (2018a)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98651-7_14"},{"key":"427_CR11","unstructured":"Fleig, C., Augenstein, D., Maedche, A.: Process mining for business process standardization in ERP implementation projects\u2014an SAP S\/4 HANA case study from manufacturing. In: van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P., Casati, F., Conforti, R., et\u00a0al. (eds.) Proceedings of the Dissertation Award, Demonstration, and Industrial Track at BPM 2018 co-located with 16th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2018), Sydney, Australia, September 9\u201314, 2018, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2196, pp 149\u2013155. CEUR-WS.org, Aachen. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2196\/BPM_2018_paper_31.pdf (2018b)"},{"key":"427_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghahfarokhi, A.F., Park, G., Berti, A., et\u00a0al.: OCEL: a standard for object-centric event logs. In: Bellatreche, L., Dumas, M., Karras, P., et\u00a0al. (eds.) New Trends in Database and Information Systems\u2014ADBIS 2021 Short Papers, Doctoral Consortium and Workshops: DOING, SIMPDA, MADEISD, MegaData, CAoNS, Tartu, Estonia, August 24\u201326, 2021, Proceedings, Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 1450, pp. 169\u2013175. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-85082-1_16 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85082-1_16"},{"key":"427_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ingvaldsen, J.E., Gulla, J.A.: Preprocessing support for large scale process mining of SAP transactions. In: ter Hofstede, A.H.M., Benatallah, B., Paik, H. (eds.) Business Process Management Workshops, BPM 2007 International Workshops, BPI, BPD, CBP, ProHealth, RefMod, semantics4ws, Brisbane, Australia, September 24, 2007, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4928, pp. 30\u201341. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-78238-4_5 (2007)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78238-4_5"},{"issue":"6","key":"427_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2015.2474358","volume":"8","author":"X Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu, X., Nagelkerke, M., van de Wiel, D., et al.: Discovering interacting artifacts from ERP systems. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 8(6), 861\u2013873 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSC.2015.2474358","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"427_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reinkemeyer, L. (ed.): Process Mining in Action: Principles, Use Cases and Outlook. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-40172-6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-40172-6"},{"key":"427_CR16","unstructured":"Stephan, S., Lahann, J., Fettke, P.: A case study on the application of process mining in combination with journal entry tests for financial auditing. In: 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2021, Kauai, Hawaii, USA, January 5, 2021. ScholarSpace, Denver, pp. 1\u201310. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10125\/71314 (2021)"},{"key":"427_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stolfa, J., Kopka, M., Stolfa, S., et\u00a0al.: An application of process mining to invoice verification process in SAP. In: Abraham, A., Kr\u00f6mer, P., Sn\u00e1sel, V. (eds) Innovations in Bio-inspired Computing and Applications\u2014Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications, IBICA 2013, August 22\u201324, 2013, Ostrava, Czech Republic, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 237, pp. 61\u201374. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-01781-5_6 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01781-5_6"},{"key":"427_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49851-4","volume-title":"Process Mining: Data Science in Action","author":"WMP van der Aalst","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P.: Process Mining: Data Science in Action, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2016)","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"427_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2020-1946","volume":"175","author":"WMP van der Aalst","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.M.P., Berti, A.: Discovering object-centric petri nets. Fundam Informaticae 175(1\u20134), 1\u201340 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/FI-2020-1946","journal-title":"Fundam Informaticae"},{"key":"427_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Eck, M.L., Lu, X., Leemans, S.J.J., et\u00a0al.: $$PM^2$$: a process mining project methodology. In: Zdravkovic, J., Kirikova, M., Johannesson, P. (eds.) Advanced Information Systems Engineering\u201427th International Conference, CAiSE 2015, Stockholm, Sweden, June 8\u201312, 2015, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9097, pp. 297\u2013313. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19069-3_19 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19069-3_19"},{"key":"427_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P.: A practitioner\u2019s guide to process mining: limitations of the directly-follows graph. In: Cruz-Cunha, M.M., Martinho, R., Rijo, R., et\u00a0al. (eds.) CENTERIS 2019\u2014International Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems\/ProjMAN 2019\u2014International Conference on Project MANagement\/HCist 2019\u2014International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies 2019, Sousse, Tunisia, Procedia Computer Science, vol. 164, pp 321\u2013328. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2019.12.189 (2019b)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.12.189"},{"key":"427_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van\u00a0der Aalst, W.M.P.: Object-centric process mining: dealing with divergence and convergence in event data. In: \u00d6lveczky, P.C., Sala\u00fcn, G. (eds.) Software Engineering and Formal Methods - 17th International Conference, SEFM 2019, Oslo, Norway, September 18\u201320, 2019, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11724, pp. 3\u201325. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-30446-1_1 (2019a)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30446-1_1"},{"key":"427_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"vom Brocke, J., Mendling, J.: Frameworks for business process management: a taxonomy for business process management cases. In: vom Brocke, J., Mendling, J. (eds.) Business Process Management Cases, Digital Innovation and Business Transformation in Practice. Management for Professionals, pp. 1\u201317. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-58307-5_1 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58307-5_1"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Data Science and Analytics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41060-023-00427-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41060-023-00427-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41060-023-00427-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T17:22:39Z","timestamp":1757092959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41060-023-00427-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41060-023-00427-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2872013\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2364-415X","2364-4168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-415X","type":"print"},{"value":"2364-4168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}